CN104177184B - 一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥 - Google Patents
一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥，由营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂制成，营养元素各组成按质量配比为：尿素40～55g、磷酸二氢钾15～20g、硫酸镁5～8g、硫酸钾10～15g、硫酸亚铁1～3g、硫酸铜1～3g、硫酸锌1～3g、硫酸锰1～3g、硼酸1～3g、钼酸铵1～3g，植物生长调节剂为烯效唑10～15g、芸苔素0.01～0.05g、复硝酚钠0.02～0.05g，杀菌剂为霜脲氰10～15g、烯酰锰锌15～20g，按上述配比用量称取各营养元素组份，溶解于1000 g水中，加入植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂，混合溶解，稀释1000～1500倍后作为洋蓟叶面喷施肥施用；本发明能有效防止病虫害，不易被其它生物和食物链浓缩富集、残留水平低、对人畜安全，使洋蓟产品保持高品质，促进洋蓟生长发育、增产增收。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及肥料领域，具体涉及一种专用于洋蓟的叶面喷施肥。
背景技术：
洋蓟(cynara scolymus L.),属菊科，菜蓟属，是多年生的草本植物。具有较高的食用和药用价值，每100克可食部位中，含水80.5g，脂肪0.2g，蛋白质2.8g，糖类9.9g，维生素A160mg，维生素C8mg，钙51mg，磷69mg、铁1.5mg，还有对人类有益的菜蓟素，天门冬酰胺以及黄酮类化合物等，在欧美，洋蓟被冠以“富贵人的佳肴”的美称。洋蓟富含多种活性成分，如绿原酸、菜蓟素及多种黄酮类化合物(菜蓟苦素、藤黄菌素等)，具有调节肠胃、保肝护胆、刺激肝脏制造胆汁、帮助排尿、排除人体过多水分等功效，还能有效的降低血脂、血糖、甘油三脂、胆固醇、排除体内毒素、增强肝脏排毒、防止动脉硬化、保护心脑血管、养颜润肌等功能。在国外，洋蓟已被开发应用于食品、保健、医疗等多个领域。
洋蓟产业在我国已逐步形成规模化种植，陆良县农村经济发展中，洋蓟种植及其产品加工已成为本县经济的重要支柱。目前公司产品主要针对国外出口市场，产品的品质要求较高，而现有叶面肥功能和作用单一，需配合化学农药施用，才能起到增肥、杀虫、防病的作用，长期使用，会使害虫产生了抗药性，植物产生抗病性，随着用量和使用频率的增加，不仅增加生产成本，而且农药残留在洋蓟茎、叶、花苞中逐年积累，对其产品易造成农药污染，食用后严重危害人体健康。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种营养全面、杀虫、防病，且低残留，对人畜安全，使洋蓟产品保持高品质的洋蓟叶面喷施肥。本发明提出的这种洋蓟叶面喷施肥不仅弥补了基肥对营养元素供应不足的缺点，而且喷施该肥料能有效防止病虫害，不易被其它生物和食物链浓缩富集、残留水平低、对人畜安全，使洋蓟产品保持高品质。
本发明的技术方案如下：一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥，由营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂制成，所述的营养元素各组成按质量配比为：尿素40g～55g、磷酸二氢钾15g～20g、硫酸镁5g～8g、硫酸钾10g～15g、硫酸亚铁1g～3g、硫酸铜1g～3g、硫酸锌1g～3g、硫酸锰1g～3g、硼酸1g～3g、钼酸铵1g～3g。植物生长调节剂为烯效唑10～15g、芸苔素0.01～0.05g、复硝酚钠0.02～0.05g；杀菌剂为霜脲氰10～15g、烯酰锰锌15～20g。烯酰锰锌含有15％烯酰吗啉+30％甲霜锰锌。
其制备方法为：按上述配比用量称取各营养元素组份，同时溶解于1000g水中，然后加入植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂，均匀混合至完全溶解，制得叶面肥。
所述叶面肥稀释1000～1500倍后作为洋蓟叶面喷施肥施用。
洋蓟叶面喷施肥的施用方法，其特征在于，在洋蓟移栽45天时，用稀释1000～1500倍后的，按每亩喷施100g进行叶面喷施，在洋蓟现蕾期开始到采收期结束期间，用稀释1000～1200倍后的，按每亩喷施120～150g进行叶面喷施，喷施频率为每10天进行1次。
本发明的有益效果：本发明提供洋蓟生长中所需的营养物质，促进其生长发育、有效防治病虫害、增产增收，本发明的施用不易被其它生物和食物链浓缩富集、残留水平低、对人畜安全，能使洋蓟产品保持高品质。
具体实施方式：
实施例1：
一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥，是由营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂组成的水溶液，将营养元素按各组成按质量配比尿素55g、磷酸二氢钾18g、硫酸镁5g、硫酸钾10g、硫酸亚铁1g、硫酸铜1g、硫酸锌2g、硫酸锰1g、硼酸2g、钼酸铵2g，充分溶解于1000g水中，然后加入植物生长调节剂烯效唑12g、芸苔素0.03g、复硝酚钠0.03g，再加入杀菌剂霜脲氰12g、烯酰锰锌18g，均匀混合至完全溶解。制得洋蓟叶面喷施肥。
其施用方法为：在洋蓟移栽45天时，按每亩喷施100g，稀释1500倍后进行叶面喷施；在洋蓟现蕾期开始到采收期结束期间，按每亩喷施120g，稀释1000倍后可进行叶面喷施，喷施频率为每10天进行1次。
实施例2
一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥，是由营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂组成的水溶液，将营养元素按各组成按质量配比尿素45g、磷酸二氢钾20g、硫酸镁7g、硫酸钾15g、硫酸亚铁1g、硫酸铜3g、硫酸锌3g、硫酸锰1g、硼酸3g、钼酸铵2g，充分溶解于1000g水中，然后加入植物生长调节剂烯效唑15g、芸苔素0.04g、复硝酚钠0.05g，再加入杀菌剂霜脲氰15g、烯酰锰锌20g，均匀混合至完全溶解。制得洋蓟叶面喷施肥。
其施用方法为：在洋蓟移栽45天时，按每亩喷施100g，稀释1500倍后进行叶面喷施；在洋蓟现蕾期开始到采收期结束期间，按每亩喷施120g，稀释1000倍后可进行叶面喷施，喷施频率为每10天进行1次。
实施例3
一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥，是由营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂组成的水溶液。其营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂的组成比例与实施例2相同，各组分均匀混合至完全溶解。制得洋蓟叶面喷施肥。
其施用方法为：在洋蓟移栽45天时，按每亩喷施100g，稀释1000倍后进行叶面喷施；在洋蓟现蕾期开始到采收期结束期间，按每亩喷施150g，稀释1000倍后可进行叶面喷施，喷施频率为每10天进行1次。
实施例4
一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥，是由营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂组成的水溶液，将营养元素按各组成按质量配比尿素40g、磷酸二氢钾15g、硫酸镁7g、硫酸钾15g、硫酸亚铁1g、硫酸铜1g、硫酸锌1g、硫酸锰1g、硼酸1g、钼酸铵1g，充分溶解于1000g水中，然后加入植物生长调节剂烯效唑10g、芸苔素0.01g、复硝酚钠0.02g，再加入杀菌剂霜脲氰10g、烯酰锰锌15g，均匀混合至完全溶解。制得洋蓟叶面喷施肥。
其施用方法为：在洋蓟移栽45天时，按每亩喷施100g，稀释1500倍后进行叶面喷施；在洋蓟现蕾期开始到采收期结束期间，按每亩喷施120g，稀释1000倍后可进行叶面喷施，喷施频率为每10天进行1次。
实施例5
一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥，是由营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂组成的水溶液。其营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂的组成比例与实施例4相同，各组分均匀混合至完全溶解。制得洋蓟叶面喷施肥。
其施用方法为：在洋蓟移栽45天时，按每亩喷施100g，稀释1000倍后进行叶面喷施；在洋蓟现蕾期开始到采收期结束期间，按每亩喷施120g，稀释1200倍后可进行叶面喷施，喷施频率为每10天进行1次。
实施例6：(对照CK)
采用现有市面上常用的蔬菜叶面肥进行喷施。施用方法为：在洋蓟移栽45天时，按每亩喷施500g，稀释500倍后进行叶面喷施；在洋蓟现蕾期开始到采收期结束期间，按每亩喷施600g，稀释500倍后可进行叶面喷施，喷施频率为每10天进行1次。
应用上述6个实施例进行试验：试验在陆良万客齐食品(云南)有限公司试验基地进行，试验地为红壤土，试验土壤理化性状指标：pH5.87，有机质17.53g/kg，全氮0.98g/kg，全磷0.88g/kg，全钾19.63g/kg，碱解氮103.43mg/kg，速效磷97.35mg/kg，速效钾62.49mg/kg。试验为随机区组试验，3次重复，小区面积为2009年9月15日种植，次年3月20日采收花苞，连续种植采收3年再进行种苗更换。小区面积24m2，垄长10m、垄宽2.4m，6行区，栽植密度每亩800株，田间管理与大田相同。
表1本发明洋蓟叶面喷施肥不同处理洋蓟产量的影响
由表1可见，本发明一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥的5个处理与实施例6(CK)相比较，洋蓟病虫害发生率明显降低，使洋蓟品质得到保证，促进洋蓟生长发育，每年花苞和茎、叶的产量均明显增加，从而增加农民和企业的经济效益。
Claims (3)
1.一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥，其特征在于，由营养元素、植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂制成，
营养元素各组成按质量配比为：尿素40～55g、磷酸二氢钾15～20g、硫酸镁5～8g、硫酸钾10～15g、硫酸亚铁1～3g、硫酸铜1～3g、硫酸锌1～3g、硫酸锰1～3g、硼酸1～3g和钼酸铵1～3g；
植物生长调节剂为烯效唑10～15g、芸苔素0.01～0.05g和复硝酚钠0.02～0.05g；
杀菌剂为霜脲氰10～10.5g和烯酰锰锌15～20g；
其制备方法为：按上述配比用量称取各营养元素组份，同时溶解于1000 g水中，然后加入植物生长调节剂和杀菌剂，均匀混合至完全溶解，制得叶面肥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种洋蓟叶面喷施肥，其特征在于，所述叶面肥稀释1000～1500倍后作为洋蓟叶面喷施肥施用。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的洋蓟叶面喷施肥的施用方法，其特征在于，在洋蓟移栽45天时，按每亩喷施100 g，稀释1000~1500倍后进行叶面喷施，在洋蓟现蕾期开始到采收期结束期间，按每亩喷施120~150 g，稀释1000~1200倍后进行叶面喷施，喷施频率为每10天进行1次。
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