A kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to Crop fertilizer additive agent field, be specifically related to the inorganic additives that a kind of energy is water-soluble.
Background technology
Water soluble fertilizer is a kind of polyelement composite fertilizer that can be water-soluble, and it can be dissolved in the water rapidly, is more easily absorbed by farm crop, and absorption rate is relatively high, realizing water-fertilizer integral, reach the effect that water-saving economizes fertile saving of labor, is a kind of new-type fertilizer of rising in recent years.China's shortage of water resources, for the share of agriculture production also in continuous decline, form a very severe problem, and along with China's economic sustained and rapid development, the impact of factor such as progressively to improve, population growth is very fast by people's living standard, and the demand of grain and agricultural output and quality is improved constantly, urgent need will find one to make crop yield and again can water-saving new-type fertilizer.Therefore, in the modern agriculture of high-quality, efficient, environmental protection, particularly in water-fertilizer integral, water soluble fertilizer has vast potential for future development.
The form of current Water soluble fertilizer is mainly divided into liquid and solid-state, storage and the transport of liquid Water soluble fertilizer are inconvenient, solid-state Water soluble fertilizer is mainly Powdered, because Water soluble fertilizer raw material is mainly amorphous material, therefore solid-state Water soluble fertilizer easily produces reaction caking phenomenon, reduce the fertilizer efficiency of Water soluble fertilizer, and Powdered Water soluble fertilizer to contact with water be not easily disperse, have impact on the dissolution rate of Water soluble fertilizer.Therefore in order to solve the shortcoming that solid-state Water soluble fertilizer is easily lumpd and not easily disperseed in water, a kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent that can prevent solid-state Water soluble fertilizer caking from simultaneously Water soluble fertilizer can be made to be quickly dispersed in water is developed significant.
The current fertilizer dispersion agent of China is mainly inorganic mineral, alkyl or lignin sulfonate, and polymer class, and these dispersion agents exist not diffluent feature as inorganic mineral, can only be applicable to common fertilizer, be not suitable for Water soluble fertilizer; Tensio-active agent has good dispersiveness, but it has very strong selectivity, and dispersion effect decides according to dispersed substance.
Chinese invention patent publication number CN103708958A discloses a kind of macroelement solid Water soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof, and the water-soluble fertilizer in this patent of invention is micron order solid, and proportioning is urea, saltpetre, ammonium phosphate (or phosphoric acid), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, boric acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganous sulfate, amino acid powder, dispersant with high efficiency, solubility promoter mixes.Although also used high molecular polymer as dispersant with high efficiency in this Water soluble fertilizer, this dispersant with high efficiency has also been applicable to other fertilizer, is not Water soluble fertilizer dispersant special.
Chinese invention patent publication number CN103896683A discloses a kind of water-solubility instant potassium sulfate fertilizers, and this invention adopts the recrystallizing technology purification agricultural potassium sulfate of " heat of solution-cold crystallization ", obtains high-purity crystallized potassium sulfate; Add dispersion agent and water-softening chemicals, acidity provides agent, wetting agent, through mechanically mixing evenly, after drying, packaging becomes instant potassium sulfate fertilizers.Dispersion agent mixes with the potassium sulfate fertilizers after purification with wetting agent by this invention, and technique is simple, but dispersion agent is wherein mainly sodium polyphosphate class, but viscosity is low, and a large amount of fertilizer is added on free settling in water, not good enough to the dispersion effect of Water soluble fertilizer.
Chinese invention patent publication number CN102219606A discloses a kind of potassium chloride wetting agent and preparation method thereof, and each component of this wetting agent consists of anion surfactant, nonionogenic tenside, wetting Agent for Printing Inks, low-hardness water; Its preparation method is: anion surfactant is water-soluble, then adds nonionogenic tenside, is stirred to and disperses completely, adds wetting Agent for Printing Inks again after cooling, stirs and namely obtains potassium chloride wetting agent.This wetting agent is mainly used in punching fertilising and foliage fertilizer, is liquid, be inconvenient to store and transport, and main raw material is tensio-active agent, though well can be applicable to the single fertilizer of Repone K, for DeGrain during pulverous Water soluble fertilizer.
According to above-mentioned, the dispersion agent of the current fertilizer aspect of China is mainly inorganic mineral and tensio-active agent, and be mainly used in foliage fertilizer and punching fertilising, dispersion agent for Water soluble fertilizer aspect is less, and using method is and simply adds mixed type, obvious to the dispersion effect of large-particle fertilizer, but poor for the dispersion effect of Powdered fertilizer.The dissolution rate of Powdered fertilizer in water is fast, but easily forms granule when contacting with water, need stir energetically and just can dissolve.Therefore a kind of existing strong dispersive ability of exploitation, has and can be dissolved in the Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent in water, having good use value and wide market outlook.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency and defect, a kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent is proposed, this dispersion agent is mainly used in water soluble fertilizer, by high molecular polymer and tensio-active agent grafting gained, making it form one is shorter polar group, can firmly be combined in fertilizer particle surface, the other end forms comparatively long-chain, increase between particle sterically hindered, prevent particle agglomeration and form granule in water, fertilizer particle is made to be easy to align in water, reduce interfacial tension, make fertilizer particle in water, have good dispersion effect, Powdered Water soluble fertilizer rapid dispersion in water can be made to come, promote to dissolve, and effectively can prevent fertilizer agglomeration, ensure fertilizer efficiency.
Invention further provides a kind of preparation method of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent, this preparation method carries out grafting by containing shorter polar group organism and macromole long chain macromolecule, then combines with fertilizer, makes it in water, reach the effect of rapid dispersion.
A kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent of the present invention, is characterized in that being made up of following material, is weight part:
Polyoxyethylene: 40 ~ 60 parts,
Water soluble polyurethane resin: 30 ~ 50 parts,
Sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate: 10 ~ 20 parts,
Tripoly phosphate sodium STPP: 10 ~ 20 parts,
Anionic opens Pu Shi resin: 5 ~ 10 parts,
Polyoxyethylene described above and water soluble polyurethane resin react, formation has amphipathy macromolecule material, polyoxyethylene is water-wet side, can be combined with fertilizer particle, water soluble polyurethane resin has good water tolerance, and its molecular chain well can stretch in water, is arranged in interface uniformly, increase sterically hindered, make fertilizer particle be quickly dispersed in water; Water soluble polyurethane resin has wettability simultaneously, and water molecules can be made to immerse fertilizer particle fast, promotes the dissolving of fertilizer.
Sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate described above, tripoly phosphate sodium STPP, anionic is opened Pu Shi resin and is water-soluble, and there is dispersiveness, tripoly phosphate sodium STPP is water-soluble inorganic dispersion agent, and its dispersing property is excellent, can reduce the viscosity of fertilizer particle and high molecular polymer, fertilizer particle can be made to be quickly dispersed in water, high molecular polymer also can be made simultaneously to play its dispersiveness.
A kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent of the present invention, its preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1), by 40 ~ 60 parts of polyoxyethylenes send in reactor, add catalyzer, pass into rare gas element and carry out reaction protection, then add 30 ~ 50 parts of water soluble polyurethane resins, at the temperature of 180 DEG C ~ 250 DEG C, react 2 ~ 3h, obtain graft product;
(2), by the graft product of gained in step (1) and 10 ~ 20 parts of sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonates, 10 ~ 20 parts of tripoly phosphate sodium STPPs, 5 ~ 10 parts of anionics open Pu Shi resin in stirrer for mixing evenly, dry, obtain a kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent.
Catalyzer described in above-mentioned steps (1) is methyl cellosolve potassium; Wherein add-on is 1% ~ 2% of polyoxyethylene.
Above-mentioned steps (1) and the rare gas element described in step (2) are nitrogen, helium, any one in argon gas, are wherein preferably nitrogen.
, wherein there is situation generation graft reaction by polyoxyethylene and water soluble polyurethane resin at catalyzer in the preparation method of a kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent described above, forms polyester type graft compound.Polyoxyethylene end is hydrophilic group, and combination that can be stable with fertilizer particle, this polymericular weight is large, molecular chain can stretch in water, adds space bit and rents, prevent the repolymerization between fertilizer particle, fertilizer particle can be made to be dispersed in water uniformly, to promote to dissolve.
The using method of a kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent described above is: fully mix respectively with various Water soluble fertilizer raw material, make dispersant around Water soluble fertilizer raw material, more each Water soluble fertilizer raw material is carried out combination treatment, add-on is 0.5% ~ 2% of fertilizer material.
Current solid-state Water soluble fertilizer is mainly Powdered, and its main raw material is urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium primary phosphate, the amorphous material such as potassium sulfate, and main technique means are mixing, drying and crushing.Easily react at material surface during amorphous material mixing, form new material, cause caking phenomenon, not easily disperse in water, the material that lumps when Water soluble fertilizer is dissolved in water easily precipitates, and dissolution rate is slow.Moreover after Powdered Water soluble fertilizer contacts with water, due to the effect of Van der Waals force and hydrogen bond, easily produce reunion between powder, not easily disperse, have impact on the dissolution rate of Water soluble fertilizer.It is shorter polar group that the present invention adopts high molecular weight water soluble polymer polyoxyethylene and water soluble polyurethane resin grafting that dispersion agent can be made to form one, can firmly be combined in fertilizer particle surface, the other end forms comparatively long-chain, increase between particle sterically hindered, prevent Water soluble fertilizer amorphous material raw material to react at particle surface, cause caking phenomenon.Simultaneously with water in conjunction with time, dispersion agent of the present invention can make fertilizer particle be easy to align in water, makes fertilizer particle in water, have good dispersing property, and its wettability can make water molecules immerse fertilizer particle fast, facilitates the dissolving of fertilizer.Dispersion agent of the present invention is water miscible dispersion agent simultaneously, can be dissolved in water, and have certain viscosity, micro-insolubles can be made to suspend, not blocking pipe, be suitable for the modern agriculture of water-fertilizer integral.
A kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent of the present invention and preparation method thereof, its outstanding feature and beneficial effect are:
1, the present invention adopts high molecular weight water soluble polymer polyoxyethylene and water soluble polyurethane resin grafting gained, making it form one is shorter polar group, can firmly be combined in fertilizer particle surface, the other end forms comparatively long-chain, increase between particle sterically hindered, make fertilizer particle be easy to align in water, make fertilizer particle in water, have good dispersion; This Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent also has certain wettability simultaneously, makes fertilizer particle rapid solution.
2, the present invention utilizes multiple water soluble dispersing agent used in combination, has synergy, can reduce the surface tension between fertilizer particle, make fertilizer particle not produce reunion in water, promote the dissolving of fertilizer, and dispersion agent is certainly as water-soluble, can be used for Water soluble fertilizer, not blocking pipe.
3, the present invention is first combined with Water soluble fertilizer raw material, forms layer protective layer, can prevent and treat the caking of fertilizer, ensures fertilizer fertilizer, and this dispersion agent production technique is simple, with low cost, environment friendly and pollution-free, is applicable to large-scale production, has market using value.
Table 1 is a kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent of the present invention product performance index
Table 1.
Embodiment
Below by way of embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but should not be construed as scope authority of the present invention and be only limitted to following example.
embodiment 1
A kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent, it is composed as follows:
Polyoxyethylene 40 parts, water soluble polyurethane resin 30 parts, sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate 20 parts, tripoly phosphate sodium STPP 20 parts, anionic opens Pu Shi resin 10 parts.
Its preparation method is following steps:
(1), by 40 parts of polyoxyethylenes send in reactor, add catalyzer, pass into inert nitrogen gas and carry out reaction protection, then add 30 parts of water soluble polyurethane resins, at the temperature of 200 DEG C, react 2 ~ 3h, obtain graft product;
(2), by the graft product of gained in step (1) and 20 parts of sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonates, 20 parts of tripoly phosphate sodium STPPs, 10 parts of anionics open Pu Shi resin in stirrer for mixing evenly, dry, obtain a kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent.
embodiment 2
A kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent, it is composed as follows:
Polyoxyethylene 50 parts, water soluble polyurethane resin 40 parts, sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate 15 parts, tripoly phosphate sodium STPP 15 parts, anionic opens Pu Shi resin 10 parts.
Its preparation method is following steps:
(1), by 50 parts of polyoxyethylenes send in reactor, add catalyzer, pass into inert nitrogen gas and carry out reaction protection, then add 40 parts of water soluble polyurethane resins, at the temperature of 220 DEG C, react 2 ~ 3h, obtain graft product;
(2), by the graft product of gained in step (1) and 15 parts of sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonates, 15 parts of tripoly phosphate sodium STPPs, 10 parts of anionics open Pu Shi resin in stirrer for mixing evenly, dry, obtain a kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent.
embodiment 3
A kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent, it is composed as follows:
Polyoxyethylene 60 parts, water soluble polyurethane resin 40 parts, sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate 10 parts, tripoly phosphate sodium STPP 10 parts, anionic opens Pu Shi resin 5 parts.
Its preparation method is following steps:
(1), by 60 parts of polyoxyethylenes send in reactor, add catalyzer, pass into inert nitrogen gas and carry out reaction protection, then add 40 parts of water soluble polyurethane resins, at the temperature of 200 DEG C, react 2 ~ 3h, obtain graft product;
(2), by the graft product of gained in step (1) and 10 parts of sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonates, 10 parts of tripoly phosphate sodium STPPs, 5 parts of anionics open Pu Shi resin in stirrer for mixing evenly, dry, obtain a kind of Water soluble fertilizer dispersion agent.