CN104171594A - Mixed fodder additive capable of reducing absorption and residues of fodder heavy metals in tilapia bodies - Google Patents
Mixed fodder additive capable of reducing absorption and residues of fodder heavy metals in tilapia bodies Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104171594A CN104171594A CN201410333325.1A CN201410333325A CN104171594A CN 104171594 A CN104171594 A CN 104171594A CN 201410333325 A CN201410333325 A CN 201410333325A CN 104171594 A CN104171594 A CN 104171594A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- heavy metal
- additive
- tilapia
- gram
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
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- AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lipoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC1CCSS1 AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000005875 quercetin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 235000010081 allicin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed fodder additive capable of reducing absorption and residues of fodder heavy metals in tilapia bodies. Per kilogram of the fodder additive comprises the following components by weight: 200-500g of chitosan, 50-300g of quercetin, 25-175g of allicin, 50-200g of alpha-lipoic acid and the balance of a carrier. The mixed fodder additive can be used for reducing the absorption and residues of the fodder heavy metals in the tilapia bodies. The adding amount of the mixed fodder additive in a tilapia mixed fodder is 0.2%-4% by weight of the fodder and the mixed fodder additive can obviously reduce the level of the heavy metals in intestines, livers, muscles and an aquaculture water body of tilapia, increase the discharge of the heavy metals in excrements and prevent secondary pollution; the mixed fodder additive can also improve the antioxidant capacity of hepatopancreas and effectively relieve the growth inhibition effect of the heavy metals. The mixed fodder additive has the characteristics of easiness in obtainment of raw materials, moderate cost, safety, effectiveness, no incompatibilities, simple preparation, low adding amount and the like and further has good application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed additive field, relate in particular to a kind of feed heavy metal that reduces and in Tilapia mossambica body, absorb and residual mixed feed additive.
Background technology
Tilapia mossambica claims again African crucian, the cultured freshwater fish that the emphasis scientific research of World Water industry is cultivated, and be described as one of main source of following animal protein, China is cultivation and the exported country of Tilapia mossambica maximum in the world, the local intensive culture degree of Tilapia mossambica improves constantly.Yet along with the aggravation of environmental pollution, heavy metal may enter in Tilapia mossambica body by plant feed, animal fodder and mineral feed, once heavy metal is accumulated in vivo, is generally difficult to be scavenged into external.The heavy metal entering in fish body can make body produce a large amount of free radicals, destroy the poised state between body oxidative and anti-oxidative system, to nervous system, digestive system, each large systems such as Genitourinary, internal system, immune system and bone cause damage, and then induce an illness and suppress the growths of fish.It is reported, in the vegetality feedstuff in contaminated area, microelement pre-mix material, mixed feed, fish meal, all have contamination phenomenon in various degree, in the feed of cultured fishes, common heavy metal is lead and cadmium.
Reduce heavy metal to residual and toxic action in the body of fish, must be in strict accordance with < < forage health standard > > GB13078-2001 and relevant laws and regulations, control feedstuff quality, avoid the heavy metal pollution of processing, storage and transport process as far as possible, reduce intake and body accumulation.In actual production, the monitoring difficulty of feed heavy metal pollution is larger, even if heavy metal has met in the situation of national standard in feed, the heavy metal of low dosage still can produce cumulative effect, in fish body, produce chronic toxicity, growth is suppressed, the economic benefit of impact cultivation.Therefore, must adopt certain effectively technology at utmost to reduce the potential hazard of feed heavy metal, reduce heavy metal to the harm of fish and residual in product thereof, thereby promote the performance of fish growth performance.
Patent of invention ZL200410053308.9 discloses the application of titanium pillared montmorillonite in feed industry, in the livestock and poultry that titanium pillared montmorillonite is applied to be polluted by poisonous and harmful substance as feed addictive and the feed of aquatic products, utilize its good surface-active and specific area, in animal body effective heavy metal and arsenic, fluorine, organophosphor, aspergillus flavus and the pathogenic microorganism such as Adsorption of Lead, cadmium, mercury.
Patent application CN201110366010.3 discloses a kind of mixed type premixed feed that reduces animal product heavy-metal residual and its preparation method and application, by quality percentage composition, this mixed type premixed feed comprises inorganic adsorbent 40%～88%, organic adsorbent 0.6%～9%, organic-inorganic adsorbent 5%～25%, Ultramicro-powder fannings powder 5%～30%, selenium 0.0002%～0.015% and vitamin C 0.2%～10%.
At present, reducing feed heavy metal is mainly by bring into play the suction-operated of adsorbent in enteron aisle to the toxicity of terrestrial animal, and the absorption and the body that reduce heavy metal enteron aisle are interior residual.The adsorbent of heavy metal is mainly divided into inorganic adsorbent and organic adsorbent, inorganic adsorbent (silicate mineral as: zeolite, natural zeolite, Concave-convex clay rod, bentonite and modified product thereof etc.) be take physical absorption as main, to a little less than the absorption affinity of heavy metal, poor specificity, absorption stability be not strong, sorption and desorption speed is fast, is applied to the risk that fish culture field exists " secondary pollution ".And organic adsorbent (shitosan, the microorganisms such as saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria and tunning thereof) mainly be take chemisorbed as main,, high specificity strong to the absorption affinity of heavy metal, absorption is stable and be difficult for desorb, safe.By adding the materials such as vegetalitas additive, trace elements of selenium and vitamin C, to improving antioxidant ability of organism and reducing animal product heavy-metal residual aspect, there is certain effect.And the vegetalitas additive using dosage that does not extract effective active matter is large, activity substance content is low; The ability that trace elements of selenium and vitamin C are removed free radical, decorporation heavy metal is general, will certainly affect reduction feed heavy metal and absorb and residual effect in fish body.
In addition, reducing heavy metal also has the technical measures of the murder by poisoning of terrestrial animal body and decorporation: (1) external source in feed is supplemented the mineral matter elements such as calcium, zinc, by absorb relevant carrier competitive binding with heavy metal ion in enteron aisle, to a certain degree can reduce the toxicity of heavy metal.But the highest Limited Doses of having stipulated trace mineral element in No. 1224 bulletin < < feed addictive safe handling standard > > of the Ministry of Agriculture, improper use meeting brings the new problems such as trace element in feed product exceeds standard, product is defective, element is uneven, environmental pollution.(2) use a large amount of heavy metal in heavy metal complexing agent complexing body as quick in energy such as Ca-EDTA, metallothionein, sodium dimercaptosuccinates, pretty good in lactation decorporation effect, but many uses aspect heavy metal acute toxicity, these complexing agents of the medium-term and long-term use of fish feed will inevitably affect the eubolism of essential trace element, even cause the damage of some internal organs.
Due to the species of Tilapia mossambica, feedstuff composition, breeding environment, digestive physiological characteristics, many aspects such as sensitivity of heavy metal and terrestrial animal are existed to very large difference, need research and development for the additive product of fish feed Heavy Metal Pollution; Use the active material of inorganic adsorbent, the interior oxidation resistance of body and decorporation heavy metal ability, be difficult to meet the needs of current Tilapia mossambica breeding enterprise and Tilapia mossambica product safety.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body that reduces.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body that reduces, it is characterized in that, in its component and every kilogram of feed additive, contain shitosan 200-500 gram, Quercetin 50-300 gram, allicin 25-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 50-200 gram, surplus is carrier.
Concrete, in described component and every kilogram of feed additive, contain shitosan 200-350 gram, Quercetin 100-300 gram, allicin 50-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 75-200 gram, surplus is carrier.
Concrete, in described component and every kilogram of feed additive, contain shitosan 200-300 gram, Quercetin 150-300 gram, allicin 75-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 100-200 gram, surplus is carrier.
More specifically, contain shitosan 200-300 gram, Quercetin 225-300 gram, allicin 112.5-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 125-200 gram in described component and every kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier.
Described in above-mentioned any mixed feed additive, chitosan molecule amount is 10000-200000 dalton, and deacetylation is more than 85%.
Described in above-mentioned any mixed feed additive, carrier is defatted rice bran or flour.
A kind of feed heavy metal residual mixed feed addictive preparation method in Tilapia mossambica body that reduces, it is characterized in that, can mix with carrier by shitosan, Quercetin, allicin, the alpha-lipoic acid of 80 sieves, mix 5-10 minute, the mixture homogeneity coefficient of variation of additive is less than 5%, must reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body.
Described reduction feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body is used for the purposes of compound feed of tilapia.
The addition of described mixed feed additive in compound feed of tilapia is the 0.2%-4% of feed weight; Be preferably 0.4%-2%.
The invention provides a kind of feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive (mixed by a certain percentage with carrier or diluent by one or more feed addictives, but do not belong to the feedstuff additive product of additive premix) in Tilapia mossambica body that reduces.By the integrated assembling to various active material, performance cooperative effect, adopts mutipal technology measure to reduce to greatest extent the residual and toxic action of the absorption of feed heavy metal in Fish.Specifically comprise following three aspects: (1) utilizes strong to heavy metal specific adsorption, absorption affinity, to be difficult for desorb organic adsorbent shitosan efficient adsorption heavy metal in enteron aisle, reduces absorption and body accumulation in enteron aisle; (2) multiple highly active combinations of substances, by directly removing in vivo the polyradical of crossing because producing in heavy metal body, improves antioxidant ability of organism, alleviates the oxidative damage of the caused by heavy metal that is not adsorbed agent absorption and is absorbed by body; (3) utilize the various active combinations of substances with the effect of decorporation heavy metal to improve chelating heavy metal in body detoxification ability or body, promote heavy metal to discharge, further reduce accumulating in vivo.
Shitosan raw materials for production of the present invention are from shrimp and crab shells, are the naturally occurring natural macromolecular materials that is only second to cellulose output in the world, are unique positively charged alkaline polysaccharides.In its molecule, contain a large amount of-NH
2with-OH, can be combined with heavy metal ion and form chelate, belong to the chemisorbed that high specificity, absorption affinity are strong, be difficult for desorb, and can not adsorb conventional ion, this is because heavy metal has and can, for becoming empty d track and the higher electric charge/radius ratio of key, be easy to form stable complex with various ligands.Shitosan adsorbed water environment heavy metal report is more, its adsorption conditions as: pH value, adsorption time, adsorption temp etc. approach with fish body intestinal environment condition, there are some researches show that also it can Adsorption of Heavy Metals in fish body.Shitosan enters after fish body, is difficult to be decomposed, and major part excretes with ight soil.In addition, shitosan belongs to innocuous substance, and security is unquestionable.Shitosan has advantages of that aboundresources, preparation method are simple, cheap.In the present invention, shitosan molecular weight is 10000-200000 dalton, and deacetylation is more than 85%.
Described Quercetin is a kind of being extensively present in to plant source property flavone compound in nature fruit, vegetables and cereal, has anti-oxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammation, protection liver kidney and the cardiovascular and only effect such as diarrhoea.Wherein the antioxidation of Quercetin and other biological are learned active closely related.Its antioxidation is mainly directly removed free radical by the phenolic hydroxyl group in molecular structure, suppresses the related enzyme activity that free radical generates, and the metal ion of chelation evoked oxidation, regulates the aspects such as expression of antioxidase to realize by cellular signal transduction pathways.Research shows, Quercetin exists with flavone aglycone form after being absorbed by fish body, can improve the oxidation resistance of fish body, reduces the oxidative damage of liver, and reduces accumulating of heavy metal lead and cadmium.Quercetin can also make oxidized vitamin C and vitamin E activity recovery, plays the effect of saving these vitamins.Quercetin is applied more aspect human health care's product, and along with the technology of extracting Quercetin from plant is day by day ripe, its application in animal feed has become possibility; Recently about Quercetin, as the acute toxicity of feed addictive and the research of mutagenicity evaluation, shown its security, can be applied to relievedly in the feed of animal.
Described allicin chemical name is garlicin compound, is the main active of garlic, can synthesize by chemical industry.Allicin can be removed free radical, suppresses the damage of MDA to membrane structure.When itself and radical reaction, decompose rapidly and produce a kind of sulfenic acids.Sulfenic acids and radical reaction suitable rapidly, this reaction is only subject to the restriction of these two molecule times of contact.The antioxidation activity position of allicin is-S (O) S-CH
2-CH=CH
2.And chelating heavy metal in vivo, and the effect of lasting decorporation heavy metal, effectively gets rid of heavy metal lead and the cadmium of body accumulation.Allicin be nontoxic, have no side effect, the green safety feed addictive of noresidue, wide material sources, with low cost.
Described alpha-lipoic acid is a kind of antioxidant of super strong type, is called as " universal antioxidant ".It had not only had water-soluble but also had had fat-solublely, can be deep into each position in cell and bring into play antioxidation, and its effect is better than vitamin C and vitamin E.Alpha-lipoic acid contains two sulphur five-membered ring structures, and electron density is very high, have significant electrophilicity and with the ability of radical reaction, can directly remove free radical, other antioxidant of can also preserving and regenerate, as vitamin C and E etc.Alpha-lipoic acid or a kind of heavy metal chelant, can be combined with heavy metal by SH group, reduces the toxicity of heavy metal.Its sulfydryl is easy to carry out redox reaction, can protect sulfydryl enzyme to avoid the murder by poisoning of heavy metal ion.In addition, ɑ-lipoic acid also has the function of strengthening liver detoxification ability, increases the ability that other antioxidant is eliminated free radical.
The raw material the present invention relates to is commercially available obtaining all, and grinding particle size is all more than 80 orders.
Mixed feed additive product of the present invention can add in compound feed of tilapia, and addition is the 0.2%-4% of mixed feed weight, and preferred addition is 0.4%-2%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) according to heavy metal, fish body is produced the rule of toxic action, utilize multi-level technical measures, employing has special Adsorption of Heavy Metals, raising antioxidant ability of organism and the stronger various bioactivators of decorporation heavy metal effect and carries out integrated assembling, provides a kind of feed heavy metal that reduces in Tilapia mossambica body, to absorb and residual mixed feed additive.
(2) apply this formula, not only reduce the uptake of fish body enteron aisle heavy metal, promote heavy metal to discharge, alleviate environmental pollution, can also improve fish liver oxidation resistance, by the other biological effect of various active materials in the present invention, promote fish growth, can obtain economic benefit, social benefit bumper harvests, meet the policy of national security healthy aquaculture.
(3) raw material of this feed addictive is easy to get, cost is moderate, safe and effective, without incompatibility, the feature such as preparation is simple, addition is low, application prospect is good.
Embodiments of the invention have been verified appropriate use mixed feed additive of the present invention in tilapia feed, can obviously reduce the level of heavy metal in enteron aisle, liver, muscle, breeding water body, increase the discharge of heavy metal in ight soil, there is no and cause secondary pollution; Can also improve liver pancreas oxidation resistance, effectively alleviate the inhibitory action of heavy metal to growth.
The specific embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.Unreceipted concrete technology or condition person in embodiment, according to the described technology of the document in this area or condition or carry out according to product description.The unreceipted person of production firm of agents useful for same or instrument, being can be by the conventional products of commercial acquisition.
Following examples allicin used is 50% allicin powder of buying on market.Other compositions are bought on also all can market and are obtained.
Embodiment 1: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately take respectively 500 grams of shitosans, 150 grams of Quercetins, 50 grams of 50% allicin powders, 50 grams of alpha-lipoic acids, 250 grams, flour, drop into mixer and mix rear packing and obtain and reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body.
Embodiment 2: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately take respectively 200 grams of shitosans, 300 grams of Quercetins, 100 grams of 50% allicin powders, 100 grams of alpha-lipoic acids, 300 grams, flour, drop into mixer and mix rear packing and obtain and reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body.
Embodiment 3: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately take respectively 300 grams of shitosans, 225 grams of Quercetins, 150 grams of 50% allicin powders, 200 grams of alpha-lipoic acids, 125 grams, flour, drop into mixer and mix rear packing and obtain and reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body.
Embodiment 4: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately take respectively 350 grams of shitosans, 50 grams of Quercetins, 225 grams of 50% allicin powders, 125 grams of alpha-lipoic acids, 250 grams of defatted rice brans, input mixer mixes rear packing and obtains this feed addictive.
Embodiment 5: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately take respectively 200 grams of shitosans, 100 grams of Quercetins, 350 grams of 50% allicin powders, 75 grams of alpha-lipoic acids, 275 grams of defatted rice brans, input mixer mixes rear packing and obtains this feed addictive.
Embodiment 6: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately take respectively 250 grams of shitosans, 250 grams of Quercetins, 275 grams of 50% allicin powders, 50 grams of alpha-lipoic acids, 175 grams of defatted rice brans, input mixer mixes rear packing and obtains this feed addictive.
Embodiment 7: compliance test result test (reduce feed lead absorbs and residual effect test in Tilapia mossambica body)
Following parameter adopts Nanjing to build up the relevant Antioxidant Indexes of Bioengineering Research Institute's kit measurement, with GFAAS, measures heavy metal level.
Test is Tilapia mossambica fry 225 tails with fish, is divided at random 3 processed group, i.e. control group, feed lead contamination group, additive test group, and 3 repetitions of each processed group, every cylinder 25 tail fishes, average weight is 11.60 ± 0.20g/ tail.Control group fed basal feed, its lead level is 1.45mg/kg; Lead contamination group is fed and in basal feed, is added the feed that plumbi nitras (in lead 500mg/kg) is mixed with; The feed that additive test group is fed and added embodiment 1 product of 1.2 % by weight and be mixed with in lead contamination feed (being the feed of lead contamination group).
The basal feed of test is Tilapia mossambica commodity material (crude protein level is 30.4%, and crude fat level is 5.7%, and digestible energy is 11.8MJ/kg).Test fish is satiated with food and throws something and feeds, and experimental period is 49d, calculates growth performance index, after test end of term sampling test finishes, separated liver pancreas and muscle after Dissection test fish, for measuring liver pancreas MDA (MDA) level, oxidation resistance (superoxide dismutase, SOD; Catalase, CAT; Glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px; Antioxidative activities, heavy-metal residual lead level T-AOC) and in fish tissue.In the smooth water test of carrying out for last three days of test, collect ight soil and breeding water body water sample, measure heavy metal lead level.All data acquisitions arrange with Excel software, SPSS17.0 software ANOVA module is carried out one-way analysis of variance, by LSD method, make multiple ratio, mean+SD for result (Mean ± SD) expression, P<0.05 represents significant difference between mean.Experimental result is in Table 1,2 and table 3.
As shown in table 1, in this test, the test end of term weight of feed lead contamination group, food ration, rate of body weight gain be all significantly lower than control group and test group (P<0.05), between control group and additive test group without significant difference (P>0.05); Between each processed group of feed coefficient and the death rate without significant difference (P>0.05).The feed lead that this dosage in test is described can significantly suppress the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, and uses additive product of the present invention can effectively alleviate the inhibition of feed lead to growth.
The liver Antioxidant Indexes of Tilapia mossambica does not change in Table 2 on the same group.Compare with control group, the SOD of feed lead contamination group is active, CAT is active, GSH-Px is active, T-AOC level significantly reduces (P<0.05), MDA level significantly raises (P<0.05), shows the plumbous obviously induction of the feed liver of hybrid tilapia generation oxidative stress of this dosage in test; In the feed of lead contamination, use after additive of the present invention, its liver Antioxidant Indexes and control group approach (P>0.05), illustrate that the oxidation resistance of liver of hybrid tilapia has obtained obvious improvement.
Not on the same group in Tilapia mossambica body plumbous residual condition in Table 3.Compare with control group, in enteron aisle, liver and the muscle of feed lead contamination group, plumbous residual level is significantly higher than residual level in control group (P<0.05), especially muscle higher than food security national standard pollutants in food limit the quantity of (GB2762-2012).Use the plumbous residual level of each histoorgan of test group of additive of the present invention significantly to reduce (P<0.05), residual level in muscle is limited the quantity of lower than food security national standard pollutants in food, is but still significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).This be due to feed lead level in this test very high due to, be about the more than 300 times of control group, in fish culture process generally far below the feed lead contamination degree of this test.Therefore, apply in practice this additive and may occur better effect.
Not on the same group the heavy metal lead level of Tilapia mossambica ight soil and breeding water body in Table 3.Lead level in feed lead contamination group Tilapia mossambica ight soil and breeding water body is significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), used the lead level in test group ight soil after additive of the present invention significantly to increase (P<0.05), and lead level in breeding water body significantly reduces (P<0.05), illustrate that more lead discharges from ight soil, lead in ight soil is in conjunction with stable, can not dissociate and causes secondary pollution.
The affect table of table 1 embodiment 1 product on Growth Op Tilapia performance
Note: the different lowercase persons of colleague's data shoulder mark represent significant difference (P<0.05), and marking-up mother person does not represent difference not remarkable (P>0.05), and following table is herewith explanation all.
The affect table of table 2 embodiment 1 product on liver of hybrid tilapia Antioxidant Indexes
| Project | Control group | Feed lead contamination group | Additive test group |
| SOD | 93.42±12.94 b | 57.55±13.25 a | 88.60±14.35 b |
| CAT | 49.24±2.79 b | 35.80±3.05 a | 48.57±4.02 b |
| GSH-Px | 31.45±4.78 b | 18.25±4.15 a | 29.36±3.74 b |
| T-AOC | 1.85±0.14 b | 1.04±0.28 a | 1.74±0.20 b |
| MDA | 0.85±0.19 a | 1.32±0.11 b | 0.91±0.15 a |
The affect table of table 3 embodiment 1 product on plumbous residual, ight soil and breeding water body lead level in Tilapia mossambica body
| Project | Control group | Feed lead contamination group | Additive test group |
| Enteron aisle, mg/kg | 0.75±0.22 a | 35.75±1.43 c | 14.42±1.75 b |
| Liver, mg/kg | 0.48±0.20 b | 30.12±1.70 c | 11.85±1.34 a |
| Muscle, mg/kg | 0.03±0.01 a | 0.93±0.04 c | 0.37±0.03 b |
| Ight soil, mg/kg | 1.03±0.14 a | 33.54±1.63 b | 44.45±2.15 c |
| Breeding water body μ g/L | 7.30±0.15 a | 35.06±0.45 c | 21.88±0.34 b |
Embodiment 8: compliance test result test (reduce Dietary Cadmium absorbs and residual effect test in Tilapia mossambica body)
Test is Tilapia mossambica fry 225 tails with fish, is divided at random 3 processed group, i.e. control group, Dietary Cadmium pollution group, additive test group, and 3 repetitions of each processed group, every cylinder 25 tail fishes, average weight is 9.59 ± 0.21g/ tail.Control group fed basal feed, its cadmium level is 0.16mg/kg; Cadmium pollution group is fed and in basal feed, is added the feed that caddy (in cadmium 50mg/kg) is mixed with; The feed that additive test group is fed and added 0.4% embodiment 2 products and be mixed with in cadmium pollution feed (being cadmium pollution group feed).The basal feed of test is Tilapia mossambica commodity material (with embodiment 7).Test fish is satiated with food and throws something and feeds, and experimental period is 49d.Measure and calculation growth performance index, after test end of term sampling test finishes, separated liver pancreas and muscle after Dissection test fish, for measuring liver pancreas Antioxidant Indexes (with embodiment 7) and fish tissue heavy metal cadmium residual level.In the smooth water test of carrying out for last three days of test, collect ight soil and breeding water body water sample, measure heavy metal cadmium level.Statistical analysis is with example 7.Time the results are shown in Table 4,5 and 6.
As shown in table 4, in this test, the test end of term weight of Dietary Cadmium pollution group, food ration, rate of body weight gain be all significantly lower than control group and test group (P<0.05), between control group and additive test group without significant difference (P>0.05); Between each processed group of feed coefficient and the death rate without significant difference (P>0.05).The Dietary Cadmium that this dosage in test is described can significantly suppress the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, and uses additive product of the present invention can effectively alleviate the inhibition of Dietary Cadmium to growth.
The liver Antioxidant Indexes of Tilapia mossambica does not change in Table 5 on the same group.Compare with control group, the SOD of Dietary Cadmium pollution group is active, CAT is active, GSH-Px is active, T-AOC level significantly reduces (P<0.05), MDA level significantly raises (P<0.05), shows that the Dietary Cadmium of this dosage in test is obviously induced liver of hybrid tilapia generation oxidative stress; In the feed of cadmium pollution, use after additive of the present invention, its liver Antioxidant Indexes and control group approach (P>0.05), illustrate that the oxidation resistance of liver of hybrid tilapia has obtained obvious improvement.
Not on the same group in Tilapia mossambica body cadmium residual condition in Table 6.Compare with control group, in enteron aisle, liver and the muscle of Dietary Cadmium pollution group, cadmium residual level is significantly higher than residual level in control group (P<0.05), especially muscle higher than food security national standard pollutants in food limit the quantity of (GB2762-2012).Use the cadmium residual level of each histoorgan of test group of additive of the present invention significantly to reduce (P<0.05), residual level in muscle is limited the quantity of lower than food security national standard pollutants in food, is but still significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).This be due to Dietary Cadmium level in this test very high due to, be about the more than 300 times of control group, in fish culture process generally far below the Dietary Cadmium pollution level of this test.Therefore, apply in practice this additive and may present better effect.
Not on the same group the heavy metal cadmium level of Tilapia mossambica ight soil and breeding water body in Table 6.Cadmium level in Dietary Cadmium pollution group Tilapia mossambica ight soil and breeding water body is significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), used the cadmium level in test group ight soil after additive of the present invention significantly to increase (P<0.05), and cadmium level in breeding water body significantly reduces (P<0.05), illustrate that more cadmium discharges from ight soil, cadmium in ight soil is in conjunction with stable, can not dissociate and causes secondary pollution.
The affect table of table 4 embodiment 2 products on Growth Op Tilapia performance
The affect table of table 5 embodiment 2 products on liver of hybrid tilapia Antioxidant Indexes
| Project | Control group | Dietary Cadmium pollution group | Additive test group |
| SOD | 93.42±12.94 b | 57.55±13.25 a | 88.60±14.35 b |
| CAT | 49.24±2.79 b | 35.80±3.05 a | 48.57±4.02 b |
| GSH-Px | 31.45±4.78 b | 18.25±4.15 a | 29.36±3.74 b |
| T-AOC | 1.85±0.14 b | 1.04±0.28 a | 1.74±0.20 b |
| MDA | 0.85±0.19 a | 1.32±0.11 b | 0.91±0.15 a |
Table 6 embodiment 2 products are residual on cadmium in Tilapia mossambica body, ight soil and breeding water body cadmium level affect table
Embodiment 9: compliance test result test (reduce feed lead and cadmium combined pollution absorbs and residual effect test in Tilapia mossambica body)
Test is Tilapia mossambica fry 225 tails with fish, is divided at random 3 processed group, i.e. control group, feed lead cadmium combined pollution group, additive test group, and 3 repetitions of each processed group, every cylinder 25 tail fishes, average weight is 10.59 ± 0.23g/ tail.Control group fed basal feed, its lead, cadmium level are respectively: 1.45mg/kg and 0.16mg/kg; The plumbous cadmium combined pollution group of feed is fed and in basal feed, is added the feed that plumbi nitras (in lead 250mg/kg) and caddy (in cadmium 25mg/kg) are mixed with; Additive test group is fed in plumbous cadmium combined pollution feed (being plumbous cadmium combined pollution group feed) and to be added the feed that 2.0% embodiment 3 product configurations become.The basal feed of test is Tilapia mossambica commodity material (with test one).Test fish is satiated with food and throws something and feeds, and experimental period is 49d.Measure and calculation growth performance index, after test end of term sampling test finishes, separated liver pancreas and muscle after Dissection test fish, measure and calculation growth performance index, after test end of term sampling test finishes, separated liver pancreas and muscle after Dissection test fish, for measuring liver pancreas Antioxidant Indexes (with test one) and fish tissue heavy metal lead and cadmium residual level.In the smooth water test of carrying out for last three days of test, collect ight soil and breeding water body water sample, measure the horizontal statistical analysis of heavy metal lead and cadmium with example 7.
The results are shown in Table 7,8 and 9.
As shown in table 7, in this test, the test end of term weight of the plumbous cadmium combined pollution group of feed, food ration, rate of body weight gain be all significantly lower than control group and test group (P<0.05), between control group and additive test group without significant difference (P>0.05); Between each processed group of feed coefficient and the death rate without significant difference (P>0.05).Feed lead and cadmium acting in conjunction that this dosage in test is described can significantly suppress the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, and use additive of the present invention can effectively alleviate feed heavy metal lead and the inhibition of cadmium compound action to growth.
The liver Antioxidant Indexes of Tilapia mossambica does not change in Table 8 on the same group.Compare with control group, the SOD of the plumbous cadmium combined pollution group of feed is active, CAT is active, GSH-Px is active, T-AOC level significantly reduces (P<0.05), MDA level significantly raises (P<0.05), shows that feed lead and the cadmium of this dosage in test can obviously be induced liver of hybrid tilapia generation oxidative stress; In the feed of plumbous cadmium combined pollution, use after additive of the present invention, its liver Antioxidant Indexes and control group approach (P>0.05), illustrate that the oxidation resistance of liver of hybrid tilapia has obtained obvious improvement.
Not on the same group plumbous in Tilapia mossambica body and cadmium residual condition in Table 9.Compare with control group, in enteron aisle, liver and the muscle of the plumbous cadmium combined pollution group of feed, lead and cadmium residual level are significantly higher than residual level in control group (P<0.05), especially muscle higher than food security national standard pollutants in food limit the quantity of (GB2762-2012).Use lead and the cadmium residual level of each histoorgan of test group of additive of the present invention significantly to reduce (P<0.05), residual level in muscle is limited the quantity of lower than food security national standard pollutants in food, is but still significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).This be due to feed in this test is plumbous and cadmium level very high due to, all at the more than 150 times of control group, the general pollution level far below this test feed lead and cadmium in fish culture process.Therefore, apply in practice this additive and may show better effect.
Not on the same group the heavy metal lead of Tilapia mossambica ight soil and breeding water body and cadmium level in Table 9.Lead and cadmium level in the plumbous cadmium combined pollution group Tilapia mossambica ight soil of feed and breeding water body are significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), used lead and the cadmium level in test group ight soil after additive of the present invention significantly to increase (P<0.05), and lead and cadmium level in breeding water body significantly reduces (P<0.05), illustrate that more heavy metal lead and cadmium discharge from ight soil, lead in ight soil and cadmium be in conjunction with stable, can not dissociate and cause secondary pollution.
The affect table of table 7 embodiment 3 products on Growth Op Tilapia performance
| Project | Control group | Plumbous cadmium combined pollution group | Additive test group |
| First starting weight, g/ tail | 10.51±0.37 | 10.66±0.20 | 10.60±0.18 |
| The test end of term is heavy, g/ tail | 44.56±1.48 b | 41.25±1.21 a | 44.76±1.31 b |
| Food ration, g/ tail | 54.58±2.06 b | 50.06±2.03 a | 54.21±2.29 b |
| Rate of body weight gain, % | 324.0±11.05 b | 286.99±12.84 a | 321.95±17.46 b |
| Feed coefficient | 1.60±0.06 | 1.64±0.11 | 1.59±0.06 |
| Survival rate, % | 100 | 100 | 100 |
The affect table of table 8 embodiment 3 products on liver of hybrid tilapia Antioxidant Indexes
| Project | Control group | Plumbous cadmium combined pollution group | Additive test group |
| SOD | 85.45±12.43 b | 50.53±10.58 a | 82.65±13.49 b |
| CAT | 45.28±2.52 b | 32.89±2.97 a | 43.54±3.25 b |
| GSH-Px | 27.34±4.51 b | 17.52±3.05 a | 26.52±3.85 b |
| T-AOC | 2.45±0.14 b | 1.35±0.25 a | 2.54±0.18 b |
| MDA | 0.75±0.15 a | 1.24±0.09 b | 0.71±0.18 a |
Table 9 embodiment 3 products on plumbous in Tilapia mossambica body and cadmium is residual, ight soil and breeding water body lead and cadmium level affect table
Above-mentioned result of the test shows, uses in right amount mixed feed additive of the present invention in tilapia feed, can obviously reduce the level of heavy metal in enteron aisle, liver, muscle, breeding water body, increases the discharge of heavy metal in ight soil, there is no and causes secondary pollution; Can also improve liver pancreas oxidation resistance, effectively alleviate the inhibitory action of heavy metal to growth.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention in the situation that not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, modification, replacement and modification.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is reduced feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body, it is characterized in that, in its component and every kilogram of feed additive, contain shitosan 200-500 gram, Quercetin 50-300 gram, allicin 25-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 50-200 gram, surplus is carrier.
2. described in claim 1, reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body, it is characterized in that, in described component and every kilogram of feed additive, contain shitosan 200-350 gram, Quercetin 100-300 gram, allicin 50-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 75-200 gram, surplus is carrier.
3. described in claim 1, reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body, it is characterized in that, in described component and every kilogram of feed additive, contain shitosan 200-300 gram, Quercetin 150-300 gram, allicin 75-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 100-200 gram, surplus is carrier.
4. described in claim 1, reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body, it is characterized in that, in described component and every kilogram of feed additive, contain shitosan 200-300 gram, Quercetin 225-300 gram, allicin 112.5-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 125-200 gram, surplus is carrier.
5. described in claim 1, reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body, it is characterized in that, described chitosan molecule amount is 10000-200000 dalton, and deacetylation is more than 85%.
6. described in claim 1, reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body, it is characterized in that, described carrier is defatted rice bran or flour.
7. described in a claim 1, reduce the preparation method of feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body, it is characterized in that, can mix with carrier by shitosan, Quercetin, allicin, the alpha-lipoic acid of 80 sieves, mix 5-10 minute, the mixture homogeneity coefficient of variation of additive is less than 5%, must reduce feed heavy metal residual mixed feed additive in Tilapia mossambica body.
8. described in claim 1, reduce feed heavy metal in Tilapia mossambica body residual mixed feed additive for the purposes of compound feed of tilapia.
Described in claim 8 for the purposes of compound feed of tilapia, it is characterized in that, the addition of described mixed feed additive in compound feed of tilapia is the 0.2%-4% of feed weight.
Described in claim 8 for the purposes of compound feed of tilapia, it is characterized in that, the addition of described mixed feed additive in compound feed of tilapia is the 0.4%-2% of feed weight.
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| CN113519721A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-10-22 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Composite additive for relieving chronic cadmium stress of river crabs |
| CN114982878A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-09-02 | 湖南德邦生物科技有限公司 | Multifunctional feed additive for reducing cadmium accumulation in aquatic animal and application thereof |
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