CN104169031B - 通过铜焊连接两个金属部件的方法 - Google Patents

通过铜焊连接两个金属部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN104169031B
CN104169031B CN201380013130.2A CN201380013130A CN104169031B CN 104169031 B CN104169031 B CN 104169031B CN 201380013130 A CN201380013130 A CN 201380013130A CN 104169031 B CN104169031 B CN 104169031B
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吉恩-弗朗西斯·克莱蒙特
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3026—Mn as the principal constituent
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    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
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    • B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
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    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于通过铜焊连接两个部件(12、14)的方法，包括形成将要被连接的两个表面(12a、14a)之间的连接(13)和角焊(15)，该方法的特征在于：用于形成角焊(15)的填料金属的成分不同于用于形成连接(13)的填料金属的成分，以给它提供高的延展性。本发明特别地应用于涡轮机组的高压压气机导向叶片扇体的生产。

Description

通过铜焊连接两个金属部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及特别地，在航空学领域中由镍基或钴基超合金所制成，也就是说由耐火合金所制成的部件的铜焊，该合金具有分别地至少50％重量的镍或钴的含量。
背景技术
在航空燃气涡轮发动机中，通过机械铜焊生产大量部件。铜焊涉及在将要被连接的金属部件的结合面之间放置结合金属层，该金属层与所述部件具有相似的成分，尽管包含称为“焊剂”的元素，这使得所述层比将要被连接的部件的合金更易熔。通过沿着结合间隙的毛细作用可以添加熔化的金属，因此形成毛细连接。“毛细连接”是在用于铜焊的部件之间约200μm的空间中所获得的连接。
本申请人所持有的专利FR2896175描述了用于形成两个超合金部件之间结合连接的改进的填料金属成分，以及使用这种类型填料金属，用于铜焊涡轮发动机静子叶片的方法。
高压压气机静子叶片扇体由锻造为单元以及铜焊到上和下凸缘上的叶片形成。这些部件由镍基或钴基可锻合金，诸如分子式NC19FeNb的称为“INCO718”的合金制造。用于将部件彼此铜焊的填料金属是合金，如果合金的金属是镍，其也是镍基的，包含硼和/或硅作为焊剂元素。用这种类型合金所获得的铜焊在毛细连接中是非常有效的。
连接中部件的定位可以要求作为结合连接延伸的角焊的形成，该角焊是位于连接的两个邻接面之间圆形圆凹面铸造的弧形形式。当部件包括角焊时，填料金属的块可以是重要的。已经发现在这种情况下，填料金属块具有脆的性质。实际上，具有硅和硼的镍基熔化的填料金属具有非常低的延展性，并且当受到低幅度变形时破裂。图1表示通过使用该技术铜焊两个部件2和4所产生的连接的显微切面图。通过毛细铜焊连接3，部件彼此连接和结合。通过添加与连接的金属相同金属的熔化金属，已经在两个部件之间产生角焊5，作为连接的延伸。连接已经经受了疲劳试验。可以看出连接3已经保留了完整性，而角焊，具有0.5mm以上厚度，因此比连接具有更大的尺寸，在变形力所引起的应力作用下，其已经破裂了。
该裂纹7，其开始于填料金属块5，但是极少扩展到铜焊的毛细连接3中，因为所述连接通常被折边和受到更小的机械应力。相反，在缺口效应下，产生了应力集中，该裂纹可以扩展到单层基金属中。
为了避免铜焊角焊中出现的该裂纹问题，用于连接静子叶片扇体的方案是已知的，尽管已经应用了所述方案，但是它们还没有广泛应用。所述方案涉及：
·用于整个铜焊的有效填料金属的使用，诸如金基合金，特别地包含82％金的AuNi955的使用；
·机械切削由INCO718所制成的凸缘，以提供柔韧性和减少叶片-凸缘半径转接上的应力。
可以理解，考虑第一种情况中因为使用贵金属而引起的高昂成本，并且在另一种情况下，因为在靠近铜焊角焊的应力区域中机械加工凸缘的成本，上述两种方案很少使用。该机械加工也可能在接缝中产生气泄漏以及削弱切削凸缘。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于产生连接的方法，该方法没有现有技术的缺陷，并且比现有方案成本更低。
根据本发明，用于通过铜焊连接两个部件以及包括两个结合表面之间结合连接的形成和角焊形成的方法，其特征在于：用于形成角焊的填料金属的化学成分不同于结合连接的填料金属的化学成分，以具有更大的延展性。
因此，所建议的方案使用两种填料金属。该方案产生了两种特定类型的性质：结合连接的高牵引性能以及低延展性；以及在连接两个连接部件的角焊处令人满意的延展性。结合连接优选地是毛细连接。
使用延展合金以形成角焊，这以简单方式防止局部裂纹的形成。
根据另一个特征，用于角焊的铜焊温度低于结合连接的金属的液线温度。
本发明在连接镍基或钴基超合金部件中是有利的。更特别地，用于形成结合连接的填料金属是具有至少一种焊剂化合物的镍基或钴基合金。焊剂化合物选自硼、硅和磷。例如，硼结合硅是一种广泛使用的焊剂。
有利地，形成角焊的填料金属是铜基合金，诸如CuMnNi930，锰基合金或基于贵金属，诸如金的合金。
本发明的有利的应用是在静子叶片扇体的生产中，一个部件是至少一个涡轮发动机压气机，另一个部件是凸缘。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的连接的显微切面图。
图2是根据该方法第一步骤的两个超合金金属部件之间结合连接形成的示意图。
图3表示本发明方法的第二步骤中角焊的形成。
具体实施方式
图2是市售名称为“INCO718”两个超合金部件12和14的截面图。两个部件沿着一个和另一个部件的两个结合面12a和12b之间所制成的间隙，通过结合连接13彼此结合在一起。为了产生用于涡轮发动机压气机的静子叶片扇体，第一部件12是静子叶片，第二部件14是凸缘构件。
有利地，结合连接是具有小于200μm厚度的毛细连接。用于该第一铜焊的第一铜焊填料金属，在这种情况下，有利地是带有添加作为焊剂元素的硼和/或硅的镍-铬类型的镍基。可以看出在两个部件之间具有小角焊。
这种类型的填料合金产生毛细铜焊连接，后者具有与部件的基底金属相似的拉力和剪切强度。
在第二步骤中，第二填料金属放置在部件的两个面12b和14b之间，超出了结合连接。所获得的角焊15具有圆形表面的弧形，其以正切于这两个表面中每个表面方式连接两个面12b和14b。
延展填料金属用于该第二铜焊操作和用于产生铜焊角焊。
而且，在低于第一合金的液线温度的温度进行所述的操作，该第一合金用作结合连接的填料金属。填料金属的延展性防止第二部件14变形期间裂纹出现在角焊中。实际上，在这种情况下是凸缘的第二部件与第一部件比较具有相对小的厚度，并且可能首先变形。
关于HP压气机扩压器的组件，现在的材料是分子式NC19FeNb(INCO718)的镍基合金和分子式NiCrBSi1000的第一填料金属。在1040℃的温度进行结合连接的铜焊。
接着，在新的铜焊操作中，温度升高到960℃，以产生连接的外硬质面，并且使用第二填料金属以产生角焊，已经根据其延展性选择了其成分，例如分子式CuMnNi930的铜基合金。

Claims (7)

1.用于通过铜焊连接第一金属部件和第二金属部件的方法，包括通过第一填料金属在第一金属部件的第一结合表面和第二金属部件的第一结合表面之间通过毛细作用形成结合连接；和通过第二填料金属，在第一金属部件的第二结合表面和第二金属部件的第二结合表面之间形成角焊，角焊具有凹面弧形，其正切于第一金属部件的第二结合表面和第二金属部件的第二结合表面，其中第二填料金属的化学成分不同于第一填料金属的化学成分，这样第二填料金属比第一填料金属具有更大的延展性，其中第二填料金属的铜焊温度低于第一填料金属的液相线温度，以及第一金属部件的第一结合表面延伸第一金属部件的整个长度，并且第二金属部件的第一结合表面的长度实质上等于第一金属部件的第一结合表面的长度，并且第一金属部件的第一结合表面和第二金属部件的第一结合表面不接触第二填料金属。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中第一金属部件和第二金属部件由镍基或钴基超合金制成。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中第一填料金属是具有至少一种焊剂化合物的镍基或钴基合金。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其中焊剂化合物是来自于硼、硅和磷的至少一种元素。
5.根据权利要求1的方法，其中第二填料金属是铜基合金、锰基合金或贵金属合金。
6.根据权利要求1的方法，其中第一金属部件是涡轮发动机压气机叶片，以及第二金属部件是凸缘。
7.根据权利要求6的方法，其中连接形成静子叶片扇体。
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EP2853332A1 (en) 2013-09-26 2015-04-01 Alfa Laval Corporate AB A novel brazing concept
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WO2013128124A1 (fr) 2013-09-06
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FR2987570B1 (fr) 2014-04-18
EP2819800B1 (fr) 2016-02-24
CA2865365A1 (fr) 2013-09-06
US20150097023A1 (en) 2015-04-09
JP2015514581A (ja) 2015-05-21
RU2014137929A (ru) 2016-04-20
FR2987570A1 (fr) 2013-09-06

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