CN104167709A - Electric vehicle power supply short-circuit protection circuit - Google Patents

Electric vehicle power supply short-circuit protection circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104167709A
CN104167709A CN201310207021.6A CN201310207021A CN104167709A CN 104167709 A CN104167709 A CN 104167709A CN 201310207021 A CN201310207021 A CN 201310207021A CN 104167709 A CN104167709 A CN 104167709A
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circuit
switch
self
overload
electric lock
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CN201310207021.6A
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CN104167709B (en
Inventor
黄三元
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Wenzhou Kanaifu Electrical Appliance Co. Ltd.
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黄三元
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Priority to CN201310207021.6A priority patent/CN104167709B/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to an electric vehicle power supply short-circuit protection circuit comprising a sampling element (1), a switching assembly (2), an electric lock switch control device (3), a sampling comparator (4), an overload control and self-locking device (5), a fault indicator (7), and an electric lock switch (8). The sampling element (1) and the switching assembly (2) are connected in series between the negative electrode GND of a battery and the ground wire LGND of a load. An enhanced NMOS field effect transistor is used as an electronic switch, and the gate of the enhanced NMOS field effect transistor is respectively connected with the output of the electric lock switch control device (3) and the output of the overload control and self-locking device (5). When the load is short-circuited, the overload control and self-locking device (5) outputs a low level to switch off the electronic switch, light up the fault indication LED and self-lock the state. After a fault is eliminated, the circuit can be unlocked by switching off and switching on the electric lock switch (8) and then returns to a normal working state. The electric vehicle power supply short-circuit protection circuit has the advantages of classified protection, high switching-off protection speed, and convenient and simple unlocking, and the like.

Description

Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of protective circuit, especially electric vehicle power sources output short circuit protection circuit.
Background technology
Current, in electric motor car, in order to prevent power supply overload or short circuit, air switch is mostly housed.The principle of air switch is that, while normally working, push mechanism, connects circuit.When there is general overload in circuit, though overload current can not make magnetictrip action, can make thermal element produce certain heat, impel bimetal leaf to be heated and be bent upwards, promotion lever makes to have contact with snap close throws off, and by main contact disjunction, cuts off the electricity supply; When circuit is short-circuited or during serious overload current, short circuit current surpasses instantaneous trip setting current value, magnetictrip produces enough large suction, by armature adhesive and clash into lever, make to have contact with rotate axle bed upwards rotation and snap close disengagement, latch under the effect of reaction spring main contact disjunction, cut off the electricity supply.The shortcoming of this short-circuit protection is: one, because adopting mechanical tripping device, there is short circuit, and to switch motion, cut off the electricity supply, depending on the size of overload current, the time, the time was oversize generally at 1 to several seconds, easily caused electrical appliance to damage or burnt car; Its two, overload or short circuit want to reclose power supply after eliminating, and must take mounting cover apart, push mechanism, just can reset to normal operating conditions again.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art; the invention provides a kind of sensing total loop overload current, automatically control semiconductor electronic switch power cutoff and utilize the exterior electric lock switch of electric motor car; carry out the electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit of release reset; long to solve the operate time of cutting off the electricity supply, the problems such as release reset inconvenience.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technological means: electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit, comprise that sampling element, switch module, electric lock switch are controlled, sampling rate, overload control and self-locking, faulty indication and electric lock switch, sampling element is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, is used for the size of sensing total loop current flowing, semiconductor electronic switch series in switch module is connected on the total loop line of power supply, controls the utmost point and connects respectively the output that electric lock switch is controlled and transshipped control and latching circuit, is used for turning on and off power supply, it is the first comparison circuit that electric lock switch is controlled, two inputs of comparator connect respectively the electric resistance partial pressure end of electric lock switch front and back power supply lead wire ACC and VCC, by the voltage height of relative discern ACC, to reach when the electric lock switch connection, semiconductor electronic switch conduction in switch module, when electric lock switch turn-offs, control described semiconductor electronic switch and disconnect, sampling rate is the second comparison circuit comparatively, and the current signal by sampling element sensing, is converted to voltage signal, and with the overload reference voltage comparison of setting, when being greater than described reference voltage, output overloading control signal, activates that overload is controlled and latching circuit moves, overload is controlled and self-locking is the 3rd comparison circuit, the input first end of comparator connects sampling rate output through resistance, input the electric resistance partial pressure end that the second end connects power supply ACC, at comparator output and in-phase input end, connect feedback element, the latching circuit that forms positive feedback, after receiving overload control signal, produce one and turn-off level, semiconductor electronic switch in stopcock assembly, driving malfunction indication is simultaneously lighted, and self-locking maintains, until disconnecting once, connects again by electric lock switch, if overload disappears, overload is controlled and latching circuit release, faulty indication extinguishes, recover previous operating state, otherwise still maintaining semiconductor electronic switch turn-offs and faulty indication illuminating state, utilize electric lock switch as release reset switch.
Also comprise the comparison of 12V power source loads, it is the 4th comparison circuit, minute pressure side that the input first termination 12V electric pressure converter of comparator is exported, the reference voltage that input the second termination is set, the input first end that carries control and self-locking comparator is taken in the output of comparison circuit through resistance; When described 12V electric pressure converter load overcurrent or short circuit, output will be dragged down, and 12V power source loads relatively produces particular level, and overload is controlled and latching circuit action, send the signal of the semiconductor electronic switch in stopcock assembly, driving malfunction indication is simultaneously lighted.
Be close to the first end that storage battery negative pole GND connects sampling element, after sampling element the second end is connected with the semiconductor electronic switch in switch module, be connected to the total ground wire LGND of load (comprising main load, 12V power source loads), described semiconductor electronic switch is controlled the utmost point and is electrically connected to the output of the control of electric lock switch, overload control and latching circuit respectively.
Sampling element is constantan wire, and semiconductor electronic switch in switch module uses enhancement mode N channel field-effect pipe, and its grid is the described control utmost point, and drain electrode, source electrode are switch the two poles of the earth, and source electrode connects the second end of sampling element, and drain electrode meets the total ground wire LGND of load.
Faulty indication is light-emitting diode, and is arranged on electric vehicle instrument panel.
Electric lock switch is controlled, sampling rate, overload control and self-locking and the 12V power source loads first to fourth comparison circuit comparator used in relatively, with the LM324 with a slice four high guaily unit, build.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: owing to adopting the electronic switch of machinery-free contact as disjunction element, during power supply output short-circuit, break time is at Millisecond; Owing to adopting electric lock switch as release reset button, can directly utilize electric lock key to reset to normal condition, save dismounting release and reset tired; After adopting sampling element to connect with the semiconductor switch in switch module, be close to the circuit mode being connected between storage battery negative pole and the total ground wire LGND of load, the protection of expansion to power supply VCC and ACC, anywhere positive source to the ground wire LGND short circuit except storage battery negative pole GND, all can obtain protection, electronic switch is set in negative line, be easy to use the enhancement mode NMOS field effect transistor of a large amount of buyings of existing controller for electric vehicle simultaneously, to reduce costs, be convenient to field effect transistor simultaneously and control; Use light-emitting diode to transship or short trouble indication, and be installed on instrument face plate, make user very clear to current working.Increase 12V power source loads comparison circuit; can overload current be controlled and be distinguished; to main load, can allow larger electric current (being greater than electric machine controller cut-off current), to 12V power source loads, can allow less overload current, to protect better low-voltage electrical appliance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is operation principle block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is operation principle block diagram of the present invention; shown each circuit part relation each other; wherein solid box sampling element 1, switch module 2, electric lock switch control 3, sampling rate compared with 4, overload controls and self-locking 5,12V power source loads 6 bodies that form electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuits relatively, as strokes and dots wire frame plays part.Dotted line frame faulty indication 7, electric lock switch 8 are annex, are not contained on same wiring board, and faulty indication 7 is contained in electric vehicle instrument, and electric lock switch 8 is intrinsic by electric motor car itself, and the present invention uses.The main load of dotted line frame is Electric Machine Control and to drive even load, dotted line frame 12V electric pressure converter be straight transducer in electric motor car in electric motor car, by the output of battery voltage (as 48V) conversion 12V direct current, for dotted line frame 12V power source loads (electrical appliance of 12V), use.
Fig. 2 is the concrete implementing circuit of the present invention.In Fig. 2, sampling element 1 is sample resistance R1, selects 0.01 Ω constantan wire to make, switch module 2 is by N channel field-effect pipe Q1 (model is P75NF75), and biasing resistor R2, R3 form, and makes fet gate voltage normally more than 10V, guarantees the reliable conducting of Q1, first amplifier U1A and the peripheral resistance R 4 thereof of electric lock switch control 3 in LM324 four high guaily unit, , R5, R6, R7, capacitor C 1 and isolating diode D1 form the first comparison circuit, dropping resistor R8, for amplifier LM324 work provides suitable power supply (≤30V), power supply ACC is through resistance R 4, R6 dividing potential drop is VR, receive the in-phase end of amplifier U1A, power supply VCC is through resistance R 5, R7 dividing potential drop, be connected to the end of oppisite phase of U1A, the grid of field effect transistor Q1 is received in the output of amplifier U1A by the diode D1 of reversal connection, capacitor C 1 is used for to power supply ACC delayed, make voltage VR time delay a bit reach set point, VR set point higher than power supply VCC through resistance R 5, the partial pressure value of R7, sampling rate forms the second comparison circuit compared with 4 by the 3rd amplifier U1C and resistance R 9, R10 and capacitor C 3, resistance R 10, R9 form reference voltage relatively to power supply VCC dividing potential drop, to determine current limit size, connect the in-phase end of amplifier U1C, from sample resistance R1 anode S, introduce sampled signal, after capacitor C 3 eliminations are disturbed, be input to the end of oppisite phase of amplifier U1C, the input resistance R11 of overload control and self-locking 5 is received in amplifier U1C output, overload control and self-locking 5 are by four high guaily unit U1D and peripheral resistance R 11, R12, R13, R14, R15, diode D4, D6 and voltage-stabiliser tube DW1 form the 3rd comparison circuit, sampling rate is compared with 4 and 12V power source loads relatively 6, respectively by resistance R 11, R12 is added to the in-phase end of amplifier U1D, and between output, connect feedback element-resistance R 14 from in-phase end to U1D, diode D4, D4 negative pole points to U1D output, by power supply ACC through resistance R 4, the reference voltage VR of R6 dividing potential drop, receive the end of oppisite phase of U1D, U1D exports a road and isolates through D6 the grid G of receiving field effect transistor Q1 in switch module 2, faulty indication 7 (light-emitting diode) is received through resistance R 15 and voltage-stabiliser tube DW1 in one tunnel, 12V power source loads is relatively 6 by the second amplifier U1B and resistance R 16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, capacitor C 4, C5 form the 4th comparison circuit, the output DCT of 12V electric pressure converter is through R18, R17 dividing potential drop, be added to the in-phase end of amplifier U1B, power supply VCC is added to the end of oppisite phase of U1B through resistance R 19, R20 dividing potential drop, benchmark voltage is provided, and the C5 that is connected in parallel on the C4 at R20 two ends and is connected in parallel on R17 two ends is used as anti-interference, and input DCT end pull-up resistor R21 is to VCC, faulty indication 7 forms by moving power supply ACC on light-emitting diode to, is arranged on electric vehicle instrument panel, electric lock switch 8 is connected between the anodal VCC of storage battery and the anodal ACC of main load, in order to break-make load power source, is the indispensable mains switch of electric motor car itself, and the present embodiment is controlled and self-locking 5 circuit resets so as to the overload to self-locking.
The operation principle of Fig. 2 is as follows:
1. normal condition: electric lock switch 8 is connected, and main load simultaneously and 12V power source loads are all without overcurrent or short circuit.Now, power supply VCC and power supply ACC are equal to, and in electric lock switch controls 3, amplifier U1A is output as high level, can not exert an influence to field effect transistor Q1 grid G voltage; When main loaded work piece electric current is normal, sampling rate compared with amplifier U1C in-phase end in 4 higher than end of oppisite phase voltage, output high level; 12V power source loads is normal, means that 12V electric pressure converter output DCT is not lower than predetermined voltage, and in the comparison 6 of 12V power source loads, amplifier U1B in-phase end voltage is higher than end of oppisite phase benchmark voltage, and U1B exports high level; In overload control and self-locking 5, amplifier U1D in-phase end voltage is high, much larger than end of oppisite phase voltage VR, be output as high level, can not exert an influence to field effect transistor Q1 grid G voltage, simultaneous faults indication 7 (light-emitting diodes), because of the existence of voltage-stabiliser tube DW1, can not be lighted the on off state of the field effect transistor Q1 in switch module 2, by the partial pressure value of R3, R2, the voltage of grid G determines completely.Because this point arranges dividing potential drop, be greater than 10V, can guarantee N channel enhancement field effect transistor Q1 conducting, therefore when each load is normal, storage battery normal power supply.
2. storage battery cathode power supply VCC short-circuit protection: when electric lock switch 8 is during in off-state; in electric lock switch controls 3; because power supply ACC is 0; amplifier U1A is output as low level; field effect transistor Q1 grid G voltage in switch module 2 is dragged down; Q1 is in off-state, and storage battery negative pole GND and load ground wire LGND are cut off, and no current flows through.Now, even power supply VCC LGND short circuit over the ground, storage battery can short circuit dischange yet.
3. power supply ACC short-circuit protection: when electric lock switch 8 is during in on-state, power supply VCC and power supply ACC are equal to, during main load short circuits, sample resistance R1 flows super-high-current, the voltage of sampling point S rises to enough height, sampling rate compared with 4 in amplifier U1C in-phase end lower than end of oppisite phase voltage, output low level, in overload control simultaneously and self-locking 5, amplifier U1D in-phase end voltage is dragged down, end of oppisite phase voltage VR is higher than in-phase end voltage, be output as low level, positive feedback effect because of resistance R 14 and diode D4, U1D in-phase end voltage is locked into low-voltage, output is locked in low level, field effect transistor Q1 grid G voltage is dragged down, Q1 turn-offs, storage battery stops short circuit dischange because negative pole GND and load ground wire LGND are cut off, simultaneously, faulty indication 7 (light-emitting diode) is lighted.Afterwards, even if main load current is normal, Q1 can not recover conducting.
Normal at main loaded work piece, during the short circuit of 12V power source loads, 12V electric pressure converter output DCT voltage is pulled to enough low, amplifier U1B in-phase end voltage in 12V power source loads comparison 6 is less than end of oppisite phase benchmark voltage, U1B is output as low, identical process when overload is controlled and occurred main load short circuits in self-locking 5, and amplifier U1D exports and is locked as low level, Q1 turn-offs, and faulty indication 7 (light-emitting diode) is lighted.
4. the release of field effect transistor Q1 off state: after user sees that on electric vehicle instrument faulty indication 7 is lighted, eliminate fault.Then, with key, electric lock switch 8 is turn-offed, now, power supply ACC voltage is 0, overload control and self-locking 5 because of end of oppisite phase voltage VR be 0 lower than in-phase end voltage, amplifier U1D exports and reverts to high level, but because electric lock switch is controlled the Pliers system of 3 output low levels, field effect transistor Q1 remains shutoff.Again open (connection) electric lock switch 8, the load of Yin Ge road is normal, comes back to as the working condition as described in 1., and amplifier U1D is output as high level, field effect transistor Q1 conducting, and faulty indication 7 (light-emitting diode) extinguishes, and recovers normal operating conditions.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all improvement that all those skilled in the art thinking according to the present invention is made, all belong to the category that the present invention defines.

Claims (6)

1. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit, is characterized in that: comprise that sampling element (1), switch module (2), electric lock switch are controlled (3), sampling rate is controlled and self-locking (5), faulty indication (7) and electric lock switch (8) compared with (4), overload, sampling element (1) is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, is used for the size of sensing total loop current flowing, semiconductor electronic switch series in switch module (2) is connected on the total loop line of power supply, controls the utmost point and connects respectively the output that electric lock switch is controlled (3) and overload control and self-locking (5) circuit, is used for turning on and off power supply, it is the first comparison circuit that electric lock switch is controlled (3), two inputs of comparator connect respectively the electric resistance partial pressure end of electric lock switch (8) front and back power supply lead wire ACC and VCC, by the voltage height of relative discern ACC, to reach when electric lock switch (8) is connected, semiconductor electronic switch conduction in switch module (2), when electric lock switch (8) turn-offs, control described semiconductor electronic switch and disconnect, sampling rate (4) is the second comparison circuit, by the current signal of sampling element (1) sensing, be converted to voltage signal, and with the overload reference voltage comparison of setting, when being greater than described reference voltage, output overloading control signal, activates overload and controls and self-locking (5) circuit operation, overload is controlled and self-locking (5) is the 3rd comparison circuit, the input first end of comparator connects the output of (4) of sampling rate through resistance, input the electric resistance partial pressure end that the second end connects power supply ACC, at comparator output and in-phase input end, connect feedback element, the latching circuit that forms positive feedback, after receiving overload control signal, produce one and turn-off level, semiconductor electronic switch in stopcock assembly (2), driving malfunction indication (7) is simultaneously lighted, and self-locking maintains, until disconnecting once, connects again by electric lock switch (8), if overload disappears, overload is controlled and self-locking (5) circuit release, faulty indication (7) extinguishes, recover previous operating state, otherwise still maintaining semiconductor electronic switch turn-offs and faulty indication (7) illuminating state, utilize electric lock switch (8) as release reset switch.
2. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise 12V power source loads comparison (6), it is the 4th comparison circuit, the output of the input first termination 12V electric pressure converter (6) of comparator, input the reference voltage that the second termination is set, the input first end that carries control and self-locking (5) comparator is taken in the output of comparison circuit through resistance; When described 12V electric pressure converter load overcurrent or short circuit, output will be dragged down, 12V power source loads comparison (6) produces particular level, overload is controlled and self-locking (5) circuit operation, send the signal of the semiconductor electronic switch in stopcock assembly (2), driving malfunction indication (7) is simultaneously lighted.
3. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1 and 2; it is characterized in that: be close to the first end that storage battery negative pole GND connects sampling element (1); after sampling element (1) second end is connected with the semiconductor electronic switch in switch module (2); be connected to the total ground wire LGND of load (comprising main load, 12V power source loads), described semiconductor electronic switch is controlled the utmost point and is electrically connected to the output of electric lock switch control (3), overload control and self-locking (5) circuit respectively.
4. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 3; it is characterized in that: sampling element (1) is constantan wire; semiconductor electronic switch in switch module (2) uses enhancement mode N channel field-effect pipe; its grid is the described control utmost point; drain electrode, source electrode are switch the two poles of the earth; and source electrode connects the second end of sampling element (1), drain electrode meets the total ground wire LGND of load.
5. according to the electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: faulty indication (7) is light-emitting diode, and is arranged on electric vehicle instrument panel.
6. according to the electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit described in claim 3 or 4; it is characterized in that: described electric lock switch is controlled (3), sampling rate compared with the first to fourth comparison circuit comparator used in (4), overload control and self-locking (5) and 12V power source loads comparison (6), with the LM324 structure with a slice four high guaily unit.
CN201310207021.6A 2013-05-19 2013-05-19 Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit Active CN104167709B (en)

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CN201310207021.6A CN104167709B (en) 2013-05-19 2013-05-19 Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105515360A (en) * 2016-02-02 2016-04-20 中国电子科技集团公司第四十三研究所 Short-circuit protection circuit based on double operational amplifiers
CN106033878A (en) * 2015-03-11 2016-10-19 天津圣纳科技有限公司 Automatic turn-off protection circuit for automotive load short circuit
CN107276015A (en) * 2016-04-08 2017-10-20 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 Electronics switches and protection circuit

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CN200941553Y (en) * 2006-08-31 2007-08-29 深圳市金威源科技有限公司 Short-circuit protective circuit of dc. power source
CN101577419A (en) * 2009-06-22 2009-11-11 安徽摆客动力技术有限公司 Selflocking direct current supply short circuit protection circuit
CN202092282U (en) * 2011-06-07 2011-12-28 山东宝雅新能源汽车股份有限公司 Air-conditioning control system of electric automobile

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1463867A (en) * 2002-06-20 2003-12-31 见发电动车股份有限公司 Electric vehicle acceleration control current limit protection and converter circuit therefor
US20070005274A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-04 Allegro Microsystems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for detecting failure of an isolation device
CN200941553Y (en) * 2006-08-31 2007-08-29 深圳市金威源科技有限公司 Short-circuit protective circuit of dc. power source
CN101577419A (en) * 2009-06-22 2009-11-11 安徽摆客动力技术有限公司 Selflocking direct current supply short circuit protection circuit
CN202092282U (en) * 2011-06-07 2011-12-28 山东宝雅新能源汽车股份有限公司 Air-conditioning control system of electric automobile

Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106033878A (en) * 2015-03-11 2016-10-19 天津圣纳科技有限公司 Automatic turn-off protection circuit for automotive load short circuit
CN105515360A (en) * 2016-02-02 2016-04-20 中国电子科技集团公司第四十三研究所 Short-circuit protection circuit based on double operational amplifiers
CN107276015A (en) * 2016-04-08 2017-10-20 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 Electronics switches and protection circuit
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CN107276015B (en) * 2016-04-08 2020-07-07 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 Electronic switching and protection circuit

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CN108206501B (en) 2019-05-24
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