CN108206501A - Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit - Google Patents

Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108206501A
CN108206501A CN201810128288.9A CN201810128288A CN108206501A CN 108206501 A CN108206501 A CN 108206501A CN 201810128288 A CN201810128288 A CN 201810128288A CN 108206501 A CN108206501 A CN 108206501A
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China
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circuit
switch
electric lock
electric
overload
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CN201810128288.9A
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CN108206501B (en
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不公告发明人
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NANJING SANYE GOLDEN EAGLE MOTORCYCLE CO Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuits, compare (4), premature beats and self-locking (5), indicating fault (7) and electric lock switch (8) including sampling element (1), switch module (2), electric lock switch control (3), sampling.Sampling element (1) and switch module (2) are serially connected between storage battery cathode GND and load ground wire LGND, make electronic switch with enhanced NMOS field-effect tube, grid connects electric lock switch control (3) and the output of premature beats and self-locking (5) respectively.Load short circuits, premature beats and self-locking (5) export low level, turn off electronic switch, light indicating fault LED, and self-locking state.Failure is removed, can be unlocked by switching off and on electric lock switch (8), restore normal work.The present invention has many advantages, such as that categorized protection, shutdown protection speed is fast, convenient for unlocking is simple.

Description

Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of protection circuits, especially electric vehicle power sources output short circuit protection circuit.
Background technology
On electric vehicle, power overload situation or short circuit, are equipped with greatly air switch in order to prevent.The principle of air switch is, During normal work, push mechanism connects circuit.When general overload occurs for circuit, though overload current cannot make electromagnetism Buckle releaser acts, but thermal element can be made to generate certain heat, and bimetal leaf is promoted to be heated and is bent upwards, and lever is pushed to make to have contact with It is disengaged with lock, main contact disjunction is cut off the power;When short circuit or heavy overload electric current occur for circuit, short circuit current is more than Instantaneous trip setting current value, magnetictrip generate sufficiently large suction, armature are attracted and hits lever, make to have contact with around Shaft seat is rotated up disengaging with lock, latches in main contact disjunction under the action of reaction spring, cuts off the power.It is this short Road protect the shortcomings that be:First, because using mechanical tripping device, there is short circuit, cut off the power to switch motion, depending on overload The size of electric current, the time, the time was too long generally 1 to several seconds, be easy to cause electrical appliance damage or burns vehicle;Second, overload or short After road is eliminated, to reclose power supply, it is necessary to dismantle installation lid, push mechanism, can just reset to normal work again State.
Invention content
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of sensing total loop overload current, automatically controls and partly lead Body electronic switch power cutoff and using electric vehicle exterior electric lock switch, be unlocked reset electric vehicle power sources short circuit Circuit is protected, actuation time is long, and unlock resets the problems such as inconvenient to solve to cut off the power.
Technological means is used by the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem:Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit, including Sampling element, switch module circuit, electric lock switch detection circuit, sampling comparison circuit, overload control circuit, indicating fault and Electric lock switchs;Sampling element is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, for sensing the size that total loop flows through electric current;Switching group Semiconductor electronic switch in part circuit is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, and control pole connects electric lock switch detection circuit respectively With the output of overload control circuit, for turning on and off power supply;Electric lock switch detection circuit is the first comparison circuit, is compared Two input terminals of device connect the electric resistance partial pressure end of power supply lead wire ACC and VCC before and after electric lock switch respectively, by comparing identification ACC Voltage levels, to reach when electric lock switch connection, the semiconductor electronic switch conduction in switch module circuit works as electric lock During switch OFF, the semi-conductor electricity sub switch is controlled to disconnect;Sampling comparison circuit is the second comparison circuit, by sampling element The current signal of sensing is converted to voltage signal, and compared with the overload reference voltage of setting, when more than the reference voltage When, output overloading control signal, activation overload control circuit action;Overload control circuit is third comparison circuit, comparator The output that input first end compares through resistance connection sampling, the electric resistance partial pressure end of input second end connection power supply ACC, is comparing Device exports and in-phase input end, connects feedback element, forms the latching circuit of positive feedback, after premature beats signal is received, A shutdown level is generated, turns off the semi-conductor electricity sub switch in switch module circuit, while driving malfunction instruction is lighted, and Self-locking maintains, and is once connected again until electric lock switch disconnects, if overload disappears, overload control circuit unlocks, indicating fault Extinguish, restore previous working condition, otherwise still maintain semiconductor electronic switch OFF and indicating fault illuminating state, i.e., It is switched by the use of electric lock as unlock reset switch.
Further, 12V power overload situation detection circuits are further included, are the 4th comparison circuit, the input first of comparator terminates The partial pressure end of 12V electric pressure converters output, the reference voltage of input the second termination setting, the output of comparison circuit connect through resistance The input first end of overload control circuit comparator;When the 12V electric pressure converters load overcurrent or short circuit, output will be by It drags down, 12V power source loads compare generation particular level, act overload control circuit, send out partly leading in shutdown switch module The signal of body electronic switch, while driving malfunction instruction is lighted.
Further, it is close to the first end of storage battery cathode GND connection sampling elements, sampling element second end and switch module After semiconductor electronic switch series connection in circuit, it is connected to load (including main load, 12V power source loads) always ground wire LGND, institute Output of the semiconductor electronic switch control rule pole respectively with electric lock switch detection circuit, overload control circuit is stated to be electrically connected.
Preferably, sampling element is constantan wire, and the semi-conductor electricity sub switch in switch module circuit uses enhanced N ditches Road field-effect tube, the grid, that is, control pole, drain electrode, source electrode switch the two poles of the earth, and source electrode connects the second end of sampling element, Drain electrode meets the total ground wire LGND of load.
Preferably, indicating fault is light emitting diode, and on electric vehicle instrument panel.
Preferably, electric lock switch detection circuit, sampling comparison circuit, overload control circuit and 12V power overload situations detection electricity Comparator used in first to fourth comparison circuit in road is built with the LM324 of a piece of four high guaily unit.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Since the electronic switch using no mechanical contact is as disjunction element, power supply output When short-circuit, break time is in Millisecond;Due to, as unlock reset button, can directly utilize electric lock key using electric lock switch Reset to normal condition, save dismounting unlock reset it is tired;It is opened using sampling element and the semiconductor in switch module circuit After closing series connection, it is close to the circuit mode being connected between storage battery cathode and the total ground wire LGND of load, expands to power supply VCC and ACC Protection, i.e., anywhere positive pole in addition to storage battery cathode GND ground wire LGND short circuit, can be protected, simultaneously Electronic switch is set in negative line, it can the enhanced NMOS field-effects easy to use that now controller for electric vehicle is largely purchased Pipe to reduce cost, while controls convenient for field-effect tube;It is overloaded using light emitting diode or short trouble indicates, and install Onto instrument face plate, make user very clear to current working.Increase 12V power overload situation detection circuits, it can be to overload current Control distinguishes, larger electric current (being more than electric machine controller cut-off current) permissible to main load, can to 12V power source loads Allow smaller overload current, preferably to protect low-voltage electrical appliance.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is operation principle block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is circuit diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is operation principle block diagram of the present invention, shows the mutual relationship of each circuit part, wherein solid box takes Sample element 1, switch module circuit 2, electric lock switch detection circuit 3, sampling comparison circuit 4, overload control circuit 5,12V power supplys Overload detection circuit 6 forms the ontology of electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit, and wire frame of such as pointing with the finger or gesticulate plays part.Dotted line frame failure refers to Show that 7, electric lock switch 8 is attachment, not on same wiring board, in electric vehicle instrument, electric lock switch 8 is indicating fault 7 Electric vehicle in itself it is intrinsic, the present invention borrows.The main load of dotted line frame is loads, the dotted line such as motor control and driving on electric vehicle Frame 12V electric pressure converters are DC-DC converter on electric vehicle, and battery voltage (such as 48V) is converted 12V direct current outputs, for Dotted line frame 12V power source loads (electrical appliance of 12V) use.
Fig. 2 is present invention specific implementation circuit.In fig. 2, sampling element 1 is sample resistance R1, selects 0.01 Ω constantans Silk makes;Switch module circuit 2 is made of N-channel field-effect tube Q1 (model P75NF75), biasing resistor R2, R3, makes field Effect tube grid voltage normally in more than 10V, ensures that Q1 is reliably connected;Electric lock switch detection circuit 3 is by LM324 four high guaily units The first amplifier U1A and its peripheral resistance R4, R5, R6, R7, capacitance C1 and isolating diode D1 form the first comparison circuit, Dropping resistor R8 provides suitable power supply (≤30V) for amplifier LM324 work, and power supply ACC is VR through resistance R4, R6 partial pressure, The in-phase end of amplifier U1A is connected to, power supply VCC is divided through resistance R5, R7, is connected to the reverse side of U1A, and the output of amplifier U1A passes through The diode D1 of reversal connection is connected to the grid of field-effect tube Q1, and capacitance C1 is used for power supply ACC delayeds, makes in-phase end voltage VR delays some time relative to reverse side and reaches setting value, and VR setting values are higher than partial pressure values of the power supply VCC through resistance R5, R7; Sampling comparison circuit 4 forms the second comparison circuit, resistance R10, R9 couple by third amplifier U1C and resistance R9, R10 and capacitance C3 Power supply VCC divides the reference voltage to be formed and compared, and to determine current limit size, connects the in-phase end of amplifier U1C, from sampling electricity It hinders R1 anodes S and introduces sampled signal, after capacitance C3 filters off interference, be input to the reverse side of amplifier U1C, amplifier U1C outputs Be connected to the input resistance R11 overload control circuits 5 of overload control circuit 5 by four high guaily unit U1D and peripheral resistance R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, diode D4, D6 and voltage-stabiliser tube DW1 composition third comparison circuits, sample comparison circuit 4 and 12V power supply mistakes Detection circuit 6 is carried, is added to the in-phase end of amplifier U1D by resistance R11, R12 respectively, and from in-phase end to U1D between output Connecting feedback element --- resistance R14, diode D4, D4 cathode are directed toward U1D output terminals, are divided by power supply ACC through resistance R4, R6 The reference voltage VR of pressure, is connected to the reverse side of U1D, and U1D outputs are connected to field-effect in switch module circuit 2 through D6 isolation all the way The grid G of pipe Q1 is connected to indicating fault 7 (light emitting diode) through resistance R15 and voltage-stabiliser tube DW1 all the way;12V power overload situations are examined Slowdown monitoring circuit 6 forms the 4th comparison circuit by the second amplifier U1B and resistance R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, capacitance C4, C5, The output DCT of 12V electric pressure converters is divided through R18, R17, is added to the in-phase end of amplifier U1B, power supply VCC is through resistance R19, R20 Partial pressure is added to the reverse side of U1B, provides benchmark voltage, and the C4 for being connected in parallel on R20 both ends and the C5 for being connected in parallel on R17 both ends make It is anti-interference to be used, input DCT end pull-up resistor R21 to VCC;Indicating fault 7 is pulled upward to power supply ACC groups by light emitting diode Into on electric vehicle instrument panel;Electric lock switch 8 is connected between storage battery anode VCC and main load anode ACC, to logical Disconnected load power source, is electric vehicle indispensable power switch in itself, and the present embodiment is resetted so as to the overload control circuit 5 to self-locking.
The operation principle of Fig. 2 is as follows:
1. normal condition:Electric lock switch 8 is connected, while main load and 12V power source loads are without overcurrent or short circuit.At this point, power supply VCC is equal with power supply ACC, and in electric lock switch detection circuit 3, amplifier U1A outputs are high level, will not be to field-effect tube Q1 Grid G voltage has an impact;When main loaded work piece electric current is normal, samples amplifier U1C in-phase ends in comparison circuit 4 and be higher than reverse phase Terminal voltage exports high level;12V power source loads are normal, it is meant that 12V electric pressure converters output DCT is not below scheduled electricity It presses, amplifier U1B in-phase ends voltage is higher than reverse side benchmark voltage, the high electricity of U1B outputs in 12V power overload situations detection circuit 6 It is flat;Then premature beats
Amplifier U1D in-phase ends voltage is height in circuit 5, much larger than reverse phase terminal voltage VR, exports as high level, field will not be imitated Should pipe Q1 grid G voltages have an impact, simultaneous faults indicate 7 (light emitting diodes) because of the presence of voltage-stabiliser tube DW1, it is impossible to light, The on off state of field-effect tube Q1 in switch module circuit 2, completely by the partial pressure value of R3, R2, i.e. the voltage of grid G determines. Because point setting partial pressure is more than 10V, it can be ensured that N-channel enhancement mode FET Q1 is connected, therefore when each load is normal, electricity Bottle normal power supply.
2. storage battery cathode power supply VCC short-circuit protections:When electric lock switch 8 is off, detection electricity is switched in electric lock In road 3, because power supply ACC is 0, amplifier U1A outputs is low levels, the field-effect tube Q1 grid G voltages in switch module circuit 2 It is pulled low, is off, Q1 storage battery cathode GND are cut off with load ground wire LGND, and no current flows through.At this point, even if electricity LGND short circuits, storage battery will not short circuit dischanges over the ground by source VCC.
3. power supply ACC short-circuit protections:When electric lock switchs 8 in an ON state, power supply VCC is equal with power supply ACC, main During load short circuits, sample resistance R1 flows through high current, and the voltage of sample point S is raised sufficiently high, the amplifier U1C in sampling compares 4 In-phase end is less than reverse phase terminal voltage, exports low level, while amplifier U1D in-phase end voltages are pulled low in overload control circuit 5, Reverse phase terminal voltage VR is higher than in-phase end voltage, exports as low level, because of resistance R14 and the positive feedback effect of diode D4, U1D In-phase end voltage is locked into low-voltage, and output is locked in low level, and field-effect tube Q1 grid G voltages are pulled low, Q1 shutdowns, Storage battery stops short circuit dischange due to cathode GND is cut off with load ground wire LGND, meanwhile, indicating fault 7 (light emitting diode) point It is bright.Later, even if main load current is normal, Q1 can not restore to be connected.
Normal in main loaded work piece, during 12V power source loads short circuits, 12V electric pressure converters output DCT voltages are pulled to foot Enough low, the amplifier U1B in-phase ends voltage in 12V power overload situations detection circuit 6 is less than reverse side benchmark voltage, U1B outputs To be low, the output of identical process when there are main load short circuits in overload control circuit 5, i.e. amplifier U1D is locked as low level, Q1 is turned off, and indicating fault 7 (light emitting diode) is lighted.
4. the unlock of field-effect tube Q1 off states:When user is after seeing that indicating fault 7 is lighted on electric vehicle instrument, Failure should be eliminated.Then, electric lock switch 8 is turned off with key, at this point, power supply ACC voltages are 0, overload control circuit 5 is because anti- For phase terminal voltage VR for 0 less than in-phase end voltage, amplifier U1D outputs revert to high level, but because electric lock switch detection circuit 3 is defeated Go out low level Pliers systems, field-effect tube Q1 is still off.It is again turned on (connection) electric lock and is switching 8, Yin Gelu loads just Often, then it is high level to come back to the such as 1. described working condition, amplifier U1D outputs, and field-effect tube Q1 is connected, indicating fault 7 (light emitting diodes) extinguish, and restore normal operating conditions.
The above is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, what all those skilled in the art's thinkings according to the present invention were made Various improvement belong to the scope that the present invention defines.

Claims (5)

1. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit, it is characterized in that:It is opened including sampling element (1), switch module circuit (2), electric lock Close detection circuit (3), sampling comparison circuit (4), overload control circuit (5), indicating fault (7) and electric lock switch (8);Sampling member Part (1) is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, for sensing the size that total loop flows through electric current;In switch module circuit (2) Semiconductor electronic switch is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, and control pole connects electric lock switch detection circuit (3) and overload control respectively The output of circuit (5) processed, for turning on and off power supply;Electric lock switch detection circuit (3) is the first comparison circuit, comparator Two input terminals connect the electric resistance partial pressure end of power supply lead wire ACC and VCC before and after electric lock switch (8) respectively, by comparing identification ACC's Voltage levels, to reach when electric lock switch (8) is connected, the semiconductor electronic switch conduction in switch module circuit (2) works as electricity When lock-switch (8) turns off, the semi-conductor electricity sub switch is controlled to disconnect;It is the second comparison circuit to sample comparison circuit (4), will be taken The current signal of sample element (1) sensing, is converted to voltage signal, and compared with the overload reference voltage of setting, when more than described During reference voltage, output overloading control signal, activation overload control circuit (5) acts;Overload control circuit (5) compares for third Circuit, the input first end of comparator connect the output of sampling comparison circuit (4), input second end connection power supply ACC through resistance Electric resistance partial pressure end, in comparator output and in-phase input end, connect feedback element, form the latching circuit of positive feedback, when connecing After receiving premature beats signal, a shutdown level is generated, turns off the semi-conductor electricity sub switch in switch module circuit (2), together When driving malfunction instruction (7) light, and self-locking maintains, until electric lock switch (8) disconnect it is primary connect again, if overload disappears, Then overload control circuit (5) unlocks, and indicating fault (7) extinguishes, and restores previous working condition, otherwise still maintains semi-conductor electricity Sub switch turns off and indicating fault (7) illuminating state, i.e., switchs (8) as unlock reset switch by the use of electric lock;Indicating fault (7) For light emitting diode, and on electric vehicle instrument panel.
2. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:Further include the inspection of 12V power overload situations Slowdown monitoring circuit (6), is the 4th comparison circuit, and the input first of comparator terminates the output of 12V electric pressure converters, the second termination of input The reference voltage of setting, the output of comparison circuit connect the input first end of overload control circuit (5) comparator through resistance;When described When 12V electric pressure converters load overcurrent or short circuit, output will be pulled low, and 12V power overload situations detection circuit (6) generates specific electricity It is flat, overload control circuit (5) is acted, sends out the signal of the semi-conductor electricity sub switch in shutdown switch module circuit (2), simultaneously Driving malfunction instruction (7) is lighted.
3. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that:It is close to storage battery cathode GND companies Connect the first end of sampling element (1), sampling element (1) second end and the semiconductor electronic switch series in switch module circuit (2) After connection, main load, the total ground wire LGND of 12V power source loads are connected to, the semiconductor electronic switch control rule pole is opened respectively with electric lock Close the output electrical connection of detection circuit (3), overload control circuit (5).
4. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 3, it is characterized in that:Sampling element (1) is constantan wire, Semi-conductor electricity sub switch in switch module circuit (2) is using enhanced N-channel field-effect tube, the grid, that is, control pole, Drain electrode, source electrode switch the two poles of the earth, and source electrode connects the second end of sampling element (1), and drain electrode meets the total ground wire LGND of load.
5. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that:The electric lock switch detection First to fourth in circuit (3), sampling comparison circuit (4), overload control circuit (5) and 12V power overload situations detection circuit (6) Comparator used in comparison circuit is built with the LM324 of a piece of four high guaily unit.
CN201810128288.9A 2013-05-19 2013-05-19 Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit Active CN108206501B (en)

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CN201810128288.9A CN108206501B (en) 2013-05-19 2013-05-19 Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit
CN201310207021.6A CN104167709B (en) 2013-05-19 2013-05-19 Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106033878A (en) * 2015-03-11 2016-10-19 天津圣纳科技有限公司 Automatic turn-off protection circuit for automotive load short circuit
CN105515360A (en) * 2016-02-02 2016-04-20 中国电子科技集团公司第四十三研究所 Short-circuit protection circuit based on double operational amplifiers
US10298251B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2019-05-21 Infineon Technologies Ag Electronic switching and protection circuit

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CN1463867A (en) * 2002-06-20 2003-12-31 见发电动车股份有限公司 Electric vehicle acceleration control current limit protection and converter circuit therefor
US20070005274A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-04 Allegro Microsystems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for detecting failure of an isolation device
CN200941553Y (en) * 2006-08-31 2007-08-29 深圳市金威源科技有限公司 Short-circuit protective circuit of dc. power source
CN101577419A (en) * 2009-06-22 2009-11-11 安徽摆客动力技术有限公司 Selflocking direct current supply short circuit protection circuit
CN202092282U (en) * 2011-06-07 2011-12-28 山东宝雅新能源汽车股份有限公司 Air-conditioning control system of electric automobile

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1463867A (en) * 2002-06-20 2003-12-31 见发电动车股份有限公司 Electric vehicle acceleration control current limit protection and converter circuit therefor
US20070005274A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-04 Allegro Microsystems, Inc. Methods and apparatus for detecting failure of an isolation device
CN200941553Y (en) * 2006-08-31 2007-08-29 深圳市金威源科技有限公司 Short-circuit protective circuit of dc. power source
CN101577419A (en) * 2009-06-22 2009-11-11 安徽摆客动力技术有限公司 Selflocking direct current supply short circuit protection circuit
CN202092282U (en) * 2011-06-07 2011-12-28 山东宝雅新能源汽车股份有限公司 Air-conditioning control system of electric automobile

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CN104167709A (en) 2014-11-26
CN104167709B (en) 2018-03-20

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