CN108206501B - Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit - Google Patents
Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN108206501B CN108206501B CN201810128288.9A CN201810128288A CN108206501B CN 108206501 B CN108206501 B CN 108206501B CN 201810128288 A CN201810128288 A CN 201810128288A CN 108206501 B CN108206501 B CN 108206501B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit, including sampling element (1), switch block (2), electric lock switch control (3), sampling compare (4), premature beats and self-locking (5), indicating fault (7) and electric lock and switch (8).Sampling element (1) and switch block (2) are serially connected between storage battery cathode GND and load ground wire LGND, make electronic switch with enhanced NMOS field-effect tube, grid connects the output of electric lock switch control (3) and premature beats and self-locking (5) respectively.Load short circuits, premature beats and self-locking (5) export low level, turn off electronic switch, light indicating fault LED, and self-locking state.Failure is removed, can be unlocked by switching off and on electric lock switch (8), restores to work normally.The present invention has many advantages, such as that categorized protection, shutdown protection speed is fast, convenient for unlocking is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of protection circuits, especially electric vehicle power sources output short circuit protection circuit.
Background technique
On electric vehicle, power overload situation or short circuit, are equipped with greatly air switch in order to prevent.The principle of air switch is,
When normal work, pushing operation mechanism connects route.When general overload occurs for route, though overload current cannot make electromagnetism
Buckle releaser movement, but thermal element can be made to generate certain heat, promote bimetal leaf is heated to be bent upwards, lever is pushed to make to have contact with
It is disengaged with lock, main contact disjunction is cut off the power；When short circuit or heavy overload electric current occur for route, short circuit current is more than
Instantaneous trip setting current value, magnetictrip generate sufficiently large suction, and armature is attracted to and is hit lever, make to have contact with around
Shaft seat is rotated up to be disengaged with lock, is latched in main contact disjunction under the action of reaction spring, is cut off the power.It is this short
The shortcomings that road is protected is: first, occurring short circuit because using mechanical tripping device, cutting off the power to switch motion, depending on overload
The size of electric current, the time, the time was too long generally 1 to several seconds, and electrical appliance is be easy to cause to damage or burn vehicle；Second, overload or short
After road is eliminated, to reclose power supply, it is necessary to dismantle installation lid, pushing operation mechanism, can just reset to normal work again
State.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of sensing total loop overload current, automatically controls and partly lead
Body electronic switch power cutoff and using electric vehicle exterior electric lock switch, be unlocked reset electric vehicle power sources short circuit
Circuit is protected, actuation time is long, and unlock resets the problems such as inconvenient to solve to cut off the power.
The present invention solves technological means used by above-mentioned technical problem: electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit, including
Sampling element, switch block circuit, electric lock switch detection circuit, sampling comparison circuit, overload control circuit, indicating fault and
Electric lock switch；Sampling element is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, for sensing the size that total loop flows through electric current；Switching group
Semiconductor electronic switch in part circuit is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, and control electrode connects electric lock switch detection circuit respectively
With the output of overload control circuit, for turning on and off power supply；Electric lock switch detection circuit is the first comparison circuit, is compared
Two input terminals of device are separately connected the electric resistance partial pressure end of electric lock switch front and back power supply lead wire ACC and VCC, by comparing identification ACC
Voltage levels work as electric lock to reach the semiconductor electronic switch conduction when electric lock switch connection, in switch block circuit
When switch OFF, controls the semi-conductor electricity sub switch and disconnect；Sampling comparison circuit is the second comparison circuit, by sampling element
The current signal of sensing is converted to voltage signal, and compared with the overload reference voltage of setting, when greater than the reference voltage
When, output overloading controls signal, activation overload control circuit movement；Overload control circuit is third comparison circuit, comparator
The output that input first end compares through resistance connection sampling, the electric resistance partial pressure end of input second end connection power supply ACC, is comparing
Device output and non-inverting input terminal, connect feedback element, form the latching circuit of positive feedback, after receiving premature beats signal,
A shutdown level is generated, turns off the semi-conductor electricity sub switch in switch block circuit, while driving malfunction instruction is lighted, and
Self-locking maintenance, until electric lock switch is disconnected primary and is connected, if overload disappears, overload control circuit unlock, indicating fault
Extinguish, restore previous working condition, otherwise still maintains semiconductor electronic switch OFF and indicating fault illuminating state, i.e.,
Using electric lock switch as unlock reset switch.
Further, further include 12V power overload situation detection circuit, be the 4th comparison circuit, the input first of comparator terminates
The partial pressure end of 12V electric pressure converter output, the reference voltage of input the second termination setting, the output of comparison circuit connect through resistance
The input first end of overload control circuit comparator；When the 12V electric pressure converter load overcurrent or short circuit, output will be by
It drags down, 12V power source loads compare generation particular level, act overload control circuit, issue partly leading in shutdown switch block
The signal of body electronic switch, while driving malfunction instruction is lighted.
Further, it is close to the first end of storage battery cathode GND connection sampling element, sampling element second end and switch block
After semiconductor electronic switch series connection in circuit, it is connected to load (including main load, 12V power source loads) total ground wire LGND, institute
Semiconductor electronic switch control rule pole is stated to be electrically connected with the output of electric lock switch detection circuit, overload control circuit respectively.
Preferably, sampling element is constantan wire, and the semi-conductor electricity sub switch in switch block circuit uses enhanced N ditch
Road field-effect tube, the grid, that is, control electrode, drain electrode, source electrode switch the two poles of the earth, and source electrode connects the second end of sampling element,
Drain electrode meets the total ground wire LGND of load.
Preferably, indicating fault is light emitting diode, and is mounted on electric vehicle instrument panel.
Preferably, electric lock switch detection circuit, sampling comparison circuit, overload control circuit and 12V power overload situation detection electricity
Comparator used in first to fourth comparison circuit in road is constructed with the LM324 of a piece of four high guaily unit.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: since using the electronic switch without mechanical contact, as disjunction element, power supply is exported
When short-circuit, break time is in Millisecond；Due to, as unlock reset button, can directly utilize electric lock key using electric lock switch
Reset to normal condition, save dismounting unlock reset it is tired；It is opened using sampling element and the semiconductor in switch block circuit
After closing series connection, it is close to the circuit mode being connected between storage battery cathode and the total ground wire LGND of load, expands to power supply VCC and ACC
Protection, i.e., anywhere positive pole can get protection, simultaneously to the ground wire LGND short circuit in addition to storage battery cathode GND
Electronic switch is set in negative line, the enhanced NMOS field-effect that existing controller for electric vehicle can be easy to use largely to purchase
Pipe to reduce cost, while controlling convenient for field-effect tube；Make overload using light emitting diode or short trouble indicates, and installs
Onto instrument face plate, keep user very clear to current working.Increase 12V power overload situation detection circuit, it can be to overload current
Control distinguishes, and allows biggish electric current (being greater than electric machine controller cut-off current) to main load, can to 12V power source loads
Allow lesser overload current, preferably to protect low-voltage electrical appliance.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is working principle block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is circuit diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is working principle block diagram of the present invention, shows the mutual relationship of each circuit part, wherein solid box takes
Sample element 1, switch block circuit 2, electric lock switch detection circuit 3, sampling comparison circuit 4, overload control circuit 5,12V power supply
Overload detection circuit 6 constitutes the ontology of electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit, and wire frame of such as pointing with the finger or gesticulate plays part.Dotted line frame failure refers to
Show that 7, electric lock switch 8 is attachment, not on same wiring board, in electric vehicle instrument, electric lock switch 8 is indicating fault 7
Electric vehicle itself it is intrinsic, the present invention borrows.The main load of dotted line frame is the loads such as motor control and driving, dotted line on electric vehicle
Frame 12V electric pressure converter is DC-DC converter on electric vehicle, and battery voltage (such as 48V) is converted 12V direct current output, for
Dotted line frame 12V power source loads (electrical appliance of 12V) use.
Fig. 2 is present invention specific implementation circuit.In Fig. 2, sampling element 1 is sample resistance R1, selects 0.01 Ω constantan
Silk production；Switch block circuit 2 is made of N-channel field-effect tube Q1 (model P75NF75), biasing resistor R2, R3, makes field
Effect tube grid voltage guarantees that Q1 is reliably connected normally in 10V or more；Electric lock switch detection circuit 3 is by LM324 four high guaily unit
The first amplifier U1A and its peripheral resistance R4, R5, R6, R7, capacitor C1 and isolating diode D1 form the first comparison circuit,
Dropping resistor R8 is provided suitable power supply (≤30V) for amplifier LM324 work, and power supply ACC is VR through resistance R4, R6 partial pressure,
It is connected to the in-phase end of amplifier U1A, power supply VCC is divided through resistance R5, R7, is connected to the reverse side of U1A, the output of amplifier U1A passes through
The diode D1 of reversal connection is connected to the grid of field-effect tube Q1, and capacitor C1 is used to make in-phase end voltage to power supply ACC delayed
VR delays some time relative to reverse side and reaches setting value, and VR setting value is higher than partial pressure value of the power supply VCC through resistance R5, R7；
It samples comparison circuit 4 and second comparison circuit, resistance R10, R9 couple is formed by third amplifier U1C and resistance R9, R10 and capacitor C3
Power supply VCC divides the reference voltage to be formed and be compared, and to determine current limit size, connects the in-phase end of amplifier U1C, from sampling electricity
It hinders R1 anode S and introduces sampled signal, after capacitor C3 filters off interference, be input to the reverse side of amplifier U1C, amplifier U1C output
Be connected to the input resistance R11 overload control circuit 5 of overload control circuit 5 by four high guaily unit U1D and peripheral resistance R11, R12,
R13, R14, R15, diode D4, D6 and voltage-stabiliser tube DW1 form third comparison circuit, sample comparison circuit 4 and 12V power supply mistake
Detection circuit 6 is carried, is added to the in-phase end of amplifier U1D by resistance R11, R12 respectively, and from in-phase end to U1D between output
Connecting feedback element --- resistance R14, diode D4, D4 cathode are directed toward U1D output end, by power supply ACC through resistance R4, R6 points
The reference voltage VR of pressure, is connected to the reverse side of U1D, and U1D output is connected to field-effect in switch block circuit 2 through D6 isolation all the way
The grid G of pipe Q1 is connected to indicating fault 7 (light emitting diode) through resistance R15 and voltage-stabiliser tube DW1 all the way；The inspection of 12V power overload situation
Slowdown monitoring circuit 6 forms the 4th comparison circuit by the second amplifier U1B and resistance R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, capacitor C4, C5,
The output DCT of 12V electric pressure converter is divided through R18, R17, is added to the in-phase end of amplifier U1B, power supply VCC is through resistance R19, R20
Partial pressure is added to the reverse side of U1B, provides benchmark voltage, is connected in parallel on the C4 at the both ends R20 and is connected in parallel on the C5 work at the both ends R17
It is anti-interference to be used, input the end DCT pull-up resistor R21 to VCC；Indicating fault 7 is pulled upward to power supply ACC group by light emitting diode
At being mounted on electric vehicle instrument panel；Electric lock switch 8 connects between storage battery anode VCC and main load anode ACC, to logical
Disconnected load power source is the power switch of electric vehicle indispensability itself, and the present embodiment is so as to the self-locking reset of overload control circuit 5.
The working principle of Fig. 2 is as follows:
1. normal condition: electric lock switch 8 is connected, while main load and 12V power source loads are without overcurrent or short circuit.At this point,
Power supply VCC is equal with power supply ACC, and in electric lock switch detection circuit 3, amplifier U1A output is high level, will not be to field-effect
Pipe Q1 grid G voltage has an impact；When main loaded work piece electric current is normal, samples amplifier U1C in-phase end in comparison circuit 4 and be higher than
Reverse side voltage exports high level；12V power source loads are normal, it is meant that 12V electric pressure converter output DCT is not below predetermined
Voltage, amplifier U1B in-phase end voltage is higher than reverse side benchmark voltage, U1B output in 12V power overload situation detection circuit 6
High level；Then premature beats
Amplifier U1D in-phase end voltage is height in circuit 5, is much larger than reverse side voltage VR, is exported as high level, will not be right
Field-effect tube Q1 grid G voltage has an impact, and simultaneous faults indicates that 7 (light emitting diodes), cannot because of the presence of voltage-stabiliser tube DW1
It lights, the switch state of the field-effect tube Q1 in switch block circuit 2, completely by the partial pressure value of R3, R2, the i.e. voltage of grid G
It determines.Because point setting partial pressure is greater than 10V, it can be ensured that N-channel enhancement mode FET Q1 conducting, thus it is normal in each load
When, storage battery normal power supply.
2. storage battery cathode power supply VCC short-circuit protection: when electric lock switch 8 is in an off state, switching detection electricity in electric lock
In road 3, because power supply ACC is 0, amplifier U1A output is low level, the field-effect tube Q1 grid G voltage in switch block circuit 2
It is pulled low, is in an off state, Q1 storage battery cathode GND and load ground wire LGND are cut off, and no current flows through.At this point, even if electricity
LGND is shorted source VCC over the ground, and storage battery will not short circuit dischange.
3. power supply ACC short-circuit protection: when electric lock switch 8 in an ON state when, power supply VCC is equal with power supply ACC, main
When load short circuits, sample resistance R1 flows through high current, and the voltage of sample point S is raised sufficiently high, compares amplifier U1C in 4 in sampling
In-phase end is lower than reverse side voltage, exports low level, while amplifier U1D in-phase end voltage is pulled low in overload control circuit 5,
Reverse side voltage VR is higher than in-phase end voltage, exports as low level, because of the positive feedback effect of resistance R14 and diode D4, U1D
In-phase end voltage is locked into low-voltage, and output is locked in low level, and field-effect tube Q1 grid G voltage is pulled low, Q1 shutdown,
Storage battery stops short circuit dischange due to cathode GND and load ground wire LGND is cut off, meanwhile, indicating fault 7 (light emitting diode) point
It is bright.Later, even if main load current is normal, Q1 can not restore to be connected.
Normal in main loaded work piece, when 12V power source loads short circuit, 12V electric pressure converter output DCT voltage is pulled to foot
Enough low, the amplifier U1B in-phase end voltage in 12V power overload situation detection circuit 6 is less than reverse side benchmark voltage, U1B output
To be low, the output of identical process when there are main load short circuits in overload control circuit 5, i.e. amplifier U1D is locked as low level,
Q1 shutdown, indicating fault 7 (light emitting diode) are lighted.
4. the unlock of field-effect tube Q1 off state: after user sees that indicating fault 7 is lighted on electric vehicle instrument,
Failure should be eliminated.Then, electric lock switch 8 is turned off with key, at this point, power supply ACC voltage is 0, overload control circuit 5 is because anti-
Phase terminal voltage VR is 0 lower than in-phase end voltage, and amplifier U1D output reverts to high level, but because electric lock switch detection circuit 3 is defeated
Low level Pliers system, field-effect tube Q1 are still off out.It is again turned on (connection) electric lock switch 8, Yin Gelu is loaded just
Often, then the working condition as described in 1. is come back to, amplifier U1D output is high level, field-effect tube Q1 conducting, indicating fault
7 (light emitting diodes) extinguish, and restore normal operating conditions.
The above is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, what all those skilled in the art's thinkings according to the present invention were made
Various improvement belong to the scope that the present invention defines.
Claims (2)
1. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit, it is characterized in that: being opened including sampling element (1), switch block circuit (2), electric lock
Close detection circuit (3), sampling comparison circuit (4), overload control circuit (5), indicating fault (7) and electric lock switch (8)；Sampling member
Part (1) is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, for sensing the size that total loop flows through electric current；In switch block circuit (2)
Semiconductor electronic switch is serially connected on the total loop line of power supply, and control electrode connects electric lock switch detection circuit (3) and overload control respectively
The output of circuit (5) processed, for turning on and off power supply；Electric lock switch detection circuit (3) is the first comparison circuit, comparator
Two input terminals are separately connected the electric resistance partial pressure end of power supply lead wire ACC and VCC before and after electric lock switch (8), by comparing identification ACC's
Voltage levels work as electricity to reach the semiconductor electronic switch conduction when electric lock switch (8) is connected, in switch block circuit (2)
When lock-switch (8) turns off, controls the semi-conductor electricity sub switch and disconnect；Sampling comparison circuit (4) is the second comparison circuit, will be taken
The current signal of sample element (1) sensing, is converted to voltage signal, and compared with the overload reference voltage of setting, described when being greater than
When overloading reference voltage, output overloading controls signal, activation overload control circuit (5) movement；Overload control circuit (5) is third
Comparison circuit, the input first end of comparator connect the output of sampling comparison circuit (4) through resistance, and input second end connects power supply
The electric resistance partial pressure end of ACC connects feedback element, forms the latching circuit of positive feedback in comparator output and non-inverting input terminal, when
After receiving premature beats signal, a shutdown level is generated, turns off the semi-conductor electricity sub switch in switch block circuit (2),
Driving malfunction instruction (7) is lighted simultaneously, and self-locking maintenance, is connected again until electric lock switch (8) disconnection is primary, if overload disappears
It loses, then overload control circuit (5) unlocks, and indicating fault (7) extinguishes, and restores previous working condition, otherwise still maintains partly to lead
The shutdown of body electronic switch and indicating fault (7) illuminating state, i.e., using electric lock switch (8) as unlock reset switch；Failure refers to
Show that (7) are light emitting diode, and is mounted on electric vehicle instrument panel.
2. electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: further including the inspection of 12V power overload situation
Slowdown monitoring circuit (6), is the 4th comparison circuit, and the input first of comparator terminates the output of 12V electric pressure converter, the second termination of input
The reference voltage of setting, the output of comparison circuit connect the input first end of overload control circuit (5) comparator through resistance；When described
When 12V electric pressure converter load overcurrent or short circuit, output will be pulled low, and 12V power overload situation detection circuit (6) generates specific electricity
It is flat, overload control circuit (5) are acted, issue the signal of the semi-conductor electricity sub switch in shutdown switch block circuit (2), simultaneously
Driving malfunction instruction (7) is lighted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810128288.9A CN108206501B (en) | 2013-05-19 | 2013-05-19 | Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810128288.9A CN108206501B (en) | 2013-05-19 | 2013-05-19 | Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit |
| CN201310207021.6A CN104167709B (en) | 2013-05-19 | 2013-05-19 | Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201310207021.6A Division CN104167709B (en) | 2013-05-19 | 2013-05-19 | Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit |
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| CN108206501A CN108206501A (en) | 2018-06-26 |
| CN108206501B true CN108206501B (en) | 2019-05-24 |
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| CN201810128288.9A Active CN108206501B (en) | 2013-05-19 | 2013-05-19 | Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit |
| CN201310207021.6A Active CN104167709B (en) | 2013-05-19 | 2013-05-19 | Electric vehicle power sources short-circuit protection circuit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106033878A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-10-19 | 天津圣纳科技有限公司 | Automatic turn-off protection circuit for automotive load short circuit |
| CN105515360A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-04-20 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十三研究所 | Short-circuit protection circuit based on double operational amplifiers |
| US10298251B2 (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2019-05-21 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Electronic switching and protection circuit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1463867A (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-31 | 见发电动车股份有限公司 | Electric vehicle acceleration control current limit protection and converter circuit therefor |
| CN200941553Y (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-29 | 深圳市金威源科技有限公司 | Short-circuit protective circuit of dc. power source |
| CN101577419A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2009-11-11 | 安徽摆客动力技术有限公司 | Selflocking direct current supply short circuit protection circuit |
| CN202092282U (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2011-12-28 | 山东宝雅新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Air-conditioning control system of electric automobile |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7219022B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-05-15 | Allegro Microsystems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for detecting failure of an isolation device |
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2013
- 2013-05-19 CN CN201810128288.9A patent/CN108206501B/en active Active
- 2013-05-19 CN CN201310207021.6A patent/CN104167709B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1463867A (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-31 | 见发电动车股份有限公司 | Electric vehicle acceleration control current limit protection and converter circuit therefor |
| CN200941553Y (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-29 | 深圳市金威源科技有限公司 | Short-circuit protective circuit of dc. power source |
| CN101577419A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2009-11-11 | 安徽摆客动力技术有限公司 | Selflocking direct current supply short circuit protection circuit |
| CN202092282U (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2011-12-28 | 山东宝雅新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Air-conditioning control system of electric automobile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104167709B (en) | 2018-03-20 |
| CN104167709A (en) | 2014-11-26 |
| CN108206501A (en) | 2018-06-26 |
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