CN1041672A - Magnetic-energy generator - Google Patents

Abstract

Magnetic-energy generator.It is a kind of device that utilizes the magnetic pole material to produce electric energy.The present invention installs permanent magnet poles, conducting magnet core and armature winding in the stator core of similar multisection type reaction synchronous machine, reluctance motor or stepping motor, every section is the one phase, stator and rotor number of poles, pole span equate, rotor is driven by DC motor, reluctance motor or synchronous motor, and the electric energy power supply that drive motors is produced by magnetic-energy generator itself, the electric energy that armature winding produces is greater than keeping the mechanical energy that rotor continues rotation.

Description

Magnetic-energy generator

The present invention relates to a kind of magnetic-energy generator that utilizes permanent magnet poles magnetic energy storage to produce electric energy.

Existing permanent magnet generator is a permanent magnetic linkage system, the magnetic energy storage of permanent magnet remains unchanged in the course of the work, magnet magnetic energy storage does not outwards discharge, permanent magnet field only is the media that mechanical energy is converted to electric energy, between armature coil and permanent magnet relative motion is arranged in the permanent magnet generator, the main flux of armature coil linkage is an alternation, so needing extraneous input mechanical energy to overcome mutual inductance moment between armature supply and magnetic field, just to keep spinner velocity constant, can prove that the output electric energy equates with input mechanical energy, so permanent magnet magnetic energy storage does not obtain utilizing.

International monopoly WO83/01353 discloses a kind of rotor permanent magnet has been housed, the electromagnetism stepping motor that stator is equipped with coil drives the logical generator of a Daepori, the stepping motor stator coil is switched on when producing with the rotor magnet mutual expelling force, its objective is that pulse current makes the mechanical output of p-m rotor generation more much bigger than the electrical power that coil consumes, the mechanical output that has more is outwards exported in order to drive common generator generation electric energy, for the stepping motor stator coil is switched on time, system is provided with the driving and the control circuit of detection rotor position and the punctual conducting of each phase current of control.This system weak point is between the stator coil of electromagnetism stepping motor and p-m rotor relative motion to be arranged, its operation logic is still identical with common stepping motor, therefore the mechanical output of output equals input electric power, output mechanical power can not occur greater than input electric power, magnetic energy can not discharge.

The objective of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned prior art can not discharge the weak point of permanent magnet poles magnetic energy storage, and a kind of permanent magnet poles magnetic energy storage that can discharge is provided, and the magnetic energy storage directly is converted to the magnetic-energy generator of electric energy and mechanical energy output.

The present invention realizes according to following opinion: according to the theory of relativity, if an object is emitted energy Δ E, no matter form of energy how, its quality will reduce Δ M=(△ E)/(C ²) (M-quality in the formula, the C-light velocity), Δ E can be mechanical energy, heat energy, luminous energy, electric energy, magnetic energy or any other form energy, and when managing to make magnetic pole emit magnetic energy, the magnetic pole quality will reduce, and promptly the quality conversion of magnetic pole is an energy.

Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure:

1, the generator magnetic system should be permanent magnetic potential system, and permanent magnet poles coercive force gesture is that normal value is constant, and the magnetic flux of permanent magnet poles and inner magnet energy storage change with the magnetic circuit magnetic resistance change rate.

2, magnetic resistance is to change in the cycle, rotor error angle θ=± magnetic resistance that the stator and rotor magnetic circuit is located in π point and θ=0 differs and is the bigger the better.Require the number of poles of stator and rotor iron core to equate for this reason, pole span is rough equates.

3, be provided with armature coil with the magnetic flux linkage in the magnetic circuit, the main flux direction of armature coil linkage is constant, but size changes with the rotor swing circle, and produces induced potential, should not have relative displacement between coil and permanent magnet poles, is converted to electric energy output to guarantee magnetic energy.

4, the maximum electromotive power output for obtaining allowed by the temperature rise restriction, armature winding is connected with electric loading through the halfwave rectifier device, connecting polarity makes the armature supply direction for increasing magnetic direction, just thinking promptly that (π＞θ＞0 interval) just makes in the half cycle that magnetic resistance changes from small to big flows through electric current in the armature winding, the magnetic energy of magnetic pole becomes electric energy and is exported by coil, and (0＞θ＞-π) interval in the sense of current still also decay to zero gradually for increasing magnetic direction, coil continues the output electric energy, electric current is that zero back coil power is zero, and magnetic pole does not absorb yet not degaussing of external enwergy.

5, armature winding without rectifying device directly when the electric loading supply AC power, since winding increase magnetic, the degaussing both direction all has electric current to pass through, the electrical power of winding output is much smaller than rated value (maximum that allows during the band rectifying device), and reason is the difference that power that magnetic energy is changed out just increases magnetic direction and degaussing direction power.

6, steady for rotor is rotated, drive motors power minimum, stator and rotor can be made up of m iron leg core, and every section is a phase of magnetic-energy generator.The position erection stress of m section stator and rotor iron core is asked and is reached when electric current in the armature coil is zero, and the resultant moment on the armature spindle is zero.When in the armature coil electric current being arranged, drive motors only need overcome the unbalanced moments that armature reaction produces.Single-phase magnetic-energy generator can install flywheel for reducing additional on the speed wave moving axis.

7, armature coil should place the magnetic circuit magnetic linkage to change maximum, and the magnetic potential that its electric current that flows through produces is the bigger the better, but exceeds not make permanent magnet poles produce permanent demagnetization.

8, armature winding electromotive power output P _dThe mechanical output P that the unbalanced moments that produces with armature reaction produces _J, the mode of connection when between armature coil and electric loading and polarity are determined (always avoid no matter how speed changes P is arranged _d＜P _JThe mode of connection be connected polarity) after mainly change P with rotation speed n _dThe dull increase with the rising of n, P _JChange complicated: when rotation speed n is lower than the first critical whirling speed n ₁The time P arranged _d＜P _J; Work as n ₁＜n＜n ₂P is arranged when (critical speed of second order) _d＞P _J＞0; Work as n=n ₂The time P arranged _d＞0, P _J=0; As n＞n ₂The time P arranged _d＞0, P _J＜0 is not only electromotive power output but also output mechanical power of magnetic-energy generator this moment.The first critical whirling speed n ₁, critical speed of second order n ₂Remove with the mode of connection, to connect polarity also relevant with load characteristic, resistance and number of magnetic poles factors such as (2P) outside the Pass having.

9, magnetic-energy generator designs when proper, and its rated speed is higher than critical speed of second order n ₂, and matched load makes output mechanical power P _JDuring greater than magnetic-energy generator no-load loss power, magnetic-energy generator (1) also can break away from drive motors (6) (for example connecting (1) and (6) with electromagnetic clutch) continuous service alone, and outwards supplies electric energy.Bigger and during greater than system's no-load loss power and drive motors copper loss sum, magnetic-energy generator is outwards supplied the electric energy except that itself, also can make drive motors run on generating state and also outwards supply electric energy when the mechanical output of output.

The drawing of accompanying drawing is described as follows:

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of a kind of mode of connection of native system.

Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of permanent magnet poles radial arrangement structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of Fig. 2 magnetic-energy generator along the A-A line.

Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of Fig. 2 magnetic-energy generator along the B-B line.

Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of Fig. 2 magnetic-energy generator along the C-C line.

Fig. 6 is the transverse cross-sectional view of permanent magnet poles arranged tangential structure of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the basic circuit diagram of a kind of mode of connection of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of disk rotor structure of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the transverse cross-sectional view of Fig. 8 magnetic-energy generator.

Figure 10 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of the axial arranged structure of permanent magnet poles of the present invention.

Figure 11 is the transverse cross-sectional view of Figure 10 magnetic-energy generator.

Figure 12 is a permanent magnet poles radial arrangement double-stator structure transverse cross-sectional view of the present invention.

The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:

With reference to Fig. 1, (6) are drive motors, and the effect of drive motors has two: one, with the magnetic-energy generator rotor from the static rated speed that accelerates to; The 2nd, keep when the magnetic-energy generator spinner velocity is constant outwards exports electric energy because of magnetic-energy generator, load current will produce the moment of resistance, mechanical loss such as bearing friction and windage loss also produces the moment of resistance, and must importing mechanical energy by drive motors, just to keep spinner velocity constant.The drive motors of magnetic-energy generator can adopt DC motor (also can adopt reluctance synchronous machine, when utility power, drive motors also can adopt synchronous motor).During the starting magnetic-energy generator, DC motor (6) is handled switching control (4) through switching control (4) by batteries (5) power supply (can replace batteries with rectifying device when utility power is arranged) and will be driven DC motor (6) and connect halfwave rectifier device (2) to magnetic-energy generator after spinner velocity reaches normal speed, drive DC motor (6) by magnetic-energy generator (1) power supply itself, consume the part electric energy of magnetic-energy generator (1).

Halfwave rectifier device (2) is made up of unidirectional semiconductor power device, the AC rectification that magnetic-energy generator armature winding is produced becomes direct current, guarantee that every phase armature winding only flows through pulse current in the direction that makes permanent magnet poles increase magnetic, so after electric loading (3) should be connected on rectifying device (2).

Available unidirectional controllable semiconductor power device of switching control (4) (as controllable silicon, high power transistor, high-power FET, turn-off SCR etc.) or relay-contactor are formed.Look use occasion and switching control (4) need be designed to manual operation or automatic control equipment, also can adopt the constant speed adjusting device in case of necessity.

In magnetic-energy generator longitudinal profile Fig. 2, as seen there are three sections annular stator core (10) to be assemblied in the casing (9), permanent magnet poles (11) then is contained between conducting magnet core (12) and the stator core (10), and armature coil (13) is sleeved on conducting magnet core (12) and locates.Rotor core (14) has three sections to be contained on the armature spindle (15) equally, and aligns with each section stator core (10) respectively.Axle (15) is by the supporting of the bearing on the two ends end cap (8), and shaft coupling (7) then is associated in drive motors (6) with armature spindle (15).

Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 illustrate permanent magnet poles radial arrangement structure, and Fig. 6 illustrates permanent magnet poles (11) arranged tangential structure.Correlation between stator core (10), permanent magnet poles (11), conducting magnet core (12), armature coil (13) is further clear illustrating in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6.The available high magnetic conduction punching silicon-steel closed assembly of stator core (10) and conducting magnet core (12) forms.The available neodymium iron boron of permanent magnet poles (11), Rare-Earth Cobalt or other high performance permanent magnetic materialses are made.Stator core (10), the also available mechanical means of available high-strength adhesive bonding tightens up between permanent magnet poles (11), conducting magnet core (12) three.

Armature coil (13) is with the insulated conductor or the superconducting wire coiling of producing recently.

Every magnetic-energy generator has m section stator core (10), and (m is the generator number of phases, Fig. 2 embodiment m=3), for reducing drive motors capacity and spinner velocity undulating value, each section stator core pole center should stagger mutually (360 °)/(2Pm) (2P is a number of magnetic poles) promptly stagger (360 °)/(m) electrical degree mutually (by Fig. 3, Fig. 4, each phase magnetic pole of the stator center of the visible present embodiment of Fig. 5 120 ° of electrical degrees of 7.5 ° of mechanical angles that stagger mutually), the location torque phase place that each section permanent magnet poles is produced (360 °)/(m) electrical degree that staggers mutually, m section location torque sum must be zero when armature supply is zero, drive motors only need overcome mechanical loss moment during the magnetic-energy generator starting.The small-power magnetic-energy generator pulse because axle is gone up a torque when making when single-phase, fluctuates should dispose flywheel on armature spindle for reducing spinner velocity.

Rotor also is made up of m iron leg core as seen from Figure 2, during the rotor assembling utmost point center of m iron leg core is dropped in the same plane, and rotor core (14) is formed by high magnetic conduction punching silicon-steel closed assembly, rotor core number of poles 2P, pole span τ, extremely wide b _tIdentical with stator, therefore the stator and rotor of magnetic-energy generator and the similar multisection type reaction synchronous machine of magnetic structure or stepping motor or reluctance motor.For reducing available not magnetic conduction, electrically non-conductive material filling in the windage loss rotor, to obtain smooth surface.

Fig. 7 is the electrical schematic diagram of a kind of mode of connection of three-phase (m=3) magnetic-energy generator, as seen from the figure, the threephase armature winding (13) of magnetic-energy generator (1) links to each other with the three-plase half wave rectifier circuit (2) that diode is formed, generator is outwards supplied direct current energy through half-wave rectifier, halfwave rectifier device (2) should guarantee only to begin to flow through electric current in the linkage magnetic flux half cycle from large to small in armature winding (13) with the polarity of armature winding (13) when being connected, i.e. the magnetic potential of armature supply generation increases magnetic.Switching control (4) is formed (being controlled to be example with the simplest manual switchover) by master switch LK, contactor 1JC, 2JC, 3JC, 4JC and starting resistance RQ1, RQ2.When needs starting magnetic-energy generator, operation master switch LK makes the 1JC adhesive, and DC motor is through starting resistance RQ1, and RQ2 links to each other with batteries (5), along with spinner velocity raises gradually, rotate the closed step by step contactor 2JC of LK, 3JC, short circuit starting resistance RQ1 step by step, RQ2 makes rotor accelerate to normal speed, cut off contactor 1JC then, 2JC, 3JC connects contactor 4JC, and DC motor (6) changes by magnetic-energy generator (1) power supply itself finishes starting process.

Fig. 8, Fig. 9 are that the magnetic-energy generator rotor is the longitudinal sectional drawing and the transverse cross-sectional view of tray type structure, and when stator core had the m section, rotor just had (m+1) individual dish (14) as seen from the figure.M section stator core is fixed in the casing (9) with not magnetic conduction, nonconducting adhesives (18), and for easy accessibility casing (9) also can be divided into the m section, with the seam location, flange connects between each section, and screw tightens up.Permanent magnet poles (11) magnetizing direction and axially parallel, all there are conducting magnet core (12) and armature coil (13) in every permanent magnet poles both sides, and the armature coil axis direction is parallel with rotor shaft direction.(m+1) individual dish (14) is housed on the rotor, dish (14) nonconducting resin of available not magnetic conduction or plastics are made, but equidistantly stud with 2P the magnetic conduction width of cloth made from high magnetic conduction sheeting in the dish, magnetic conduction fabric width degree and stator conducting magnet core (12) width rough equating.As seen the effect of the width of cloth is identical with the rotor tooth of Fig. 2 magnetic-energy generator.For making the magnetic circuit magnetic resistance reduce to also have m magnetic conductive cylinder (16) that rolls with high magnetic conduction sheeting in the rotating shaft.Magnetic conductive cylinder (16) and dish (14) are all used not, and the non-conductive part of magnetic conduction (17) is linked to be an integral body with axle (15).(for example the N utmost point) is through conducting magnet core (12) rotor disk (14) and magnetic conductive cylinder from the utmost point of permanent magnet poles (11) for the magnetic circuit magnetic linkage as seen from Figure 8, another rotor disk (14), another conducting magnet core (12) is got back to another utmost point of permanent magnet poles (for example S utmost point), when rotor rotates, the magnetic conduction width of cloth of dish on (14) and conducting magnet core (12) be when overlapping, magnetic circuit magnetic flux maximum, and magnetic flux reduces gradually during separation, therefore its operation principle and Fig. 2,3 structures are identical, repeat no more.

Figure 10, Figure 11 is the vertical of the axial arranged structure magnetic-energy generator of permanent magnet poles, transverse cross-sectional view, the permanent magnet poles magnetizing direction is parallel with rotor shaft direction as seen from Figure 10, different with tray type structure is that the armature coil axis direction is vertical with rotor shaft direction, m section (m=3 among the figure) stator core is with the non-conductive binding material of magnetic conduction (18) and (20) are not fixed on the non-rotary back shaft (19) as seen from the figure, rotor then is outer cartridge type structure, stud with 2P and the rough rotor conducting magnet core that equates of stator conducting magnet core (12) width on the rotor drum, (high magnetic conduction sheeting is made) is when rotor conducting magnet core and stator conducting magnet core (12) when aliging, magnetic circuit magnetic linkage maximum, when the two separates, magnetic linkage reduces, if rotor conducting magnet core longitudinal profile is shown in the dotted line, then fixed, constitute the power output that this many gap structures of many gap structures can improve generator between rotor core, for easy accessibility, rotor also will make m section demountable structure shown in Figure 10 dotted line, the operation principle of this structure is also identical with Fig. 2 structure to be repeated no more.

Figure 12 is the double-stator structure magnetic-energy generator transverse cross-sectional view of permanent magnet poles radial arrangement.Different with Fig. 2 as seen from the figure is, and internal rotor also has that 2P conducting magnet core of 2P permanent magnet poles (11 ') (12 ') and 2P armature coil (13 ') are also arranged on an internal stator, the internal stator, rotor is that cup-shaped structure studs with 2P and makes wide and the wide rough rotor core that equates of stator conducting magnet core (12) with high magnetic conduction sheeting, rotor is by the drive motors driven rotary, internal stator is contained on the non-rotary back shaft (19), external stator is contained on the casing (9), inside and outside stator maintains static, and this double-stator structure is particularly suitable for high-power magnetic energy generator.

The magnetic-energy generator of permanent magnet poles arranged tangential (structure as shown in Figure 6) also can make double-stator structure.

In like manner the axial arranged magnetic-energy generator (as Figure 10, structure shown in Figure 11) of permanent magnet poles also can make double-stator structure.This double-stator structure can be divided into single air gap and two kinds of patterns of many air gaps again.

The narration magnetic-energy generator produces electric energy and the principle of keeping the rotor continuous running below.

In the magnetic-energy generator, the magnetic potential of permanent magnet poles is a fixed value, (rotor error angle θ=0 stable equilibrium point) magnetic circuit magnetic resistance minimum when rotor magnetic pole center and magnetic pole of the stator center-aligned, linkage magnetic flux maximum in energy storage maximum, the armature winding in magnetic flux maximum, the magnetic pole.When rotor center and magnetic pole of the stator center-aligned, (θ=± π, unstable equilibrium point) magnetic circuit magnetic resistance maximum, magnetic flux minimum, energy storage minimum in the magnetic pole, linkage magnetic flux minimum in the armature winding.Therefore when rotor rotates, though in the armature winding constant young pathbreaker's cycle greatly of linkage magnetic flux direction change and produce induced potential.Rotor is in (π＜θ＜0) interval, and permanent magnet poles attracts rotor that rotor is applied moment of accelerating T ₊(mean value); Rotor is in that (the interval permanent magnet poles of 0＜θ＜π) attracts rotor that rotor is applied retarding moment T _-(mean value).When armature supply is zero, because of structure is that symmetrical event has T ₊=T _-, average moment is zero on rotor when rotation axle.

Because magnetic-energy generator is the m system that balances each other, a utmost point only examining or check three-phase magnetic-energy generator A phase rotor for simple meter is (strict be in fact θ=(π)/6 to θ=(5 π)/6 intervals) interval energy conversion relation from θ=0 to θ=π.θ=0 o'clock, the magnetic flux of A phase armature coil linkage is a maximum, when rotor rotates forward that the magnetic circuit magnetic resistance increases gradually, energy storage reduces to reduce gradually with the magnetic flux of armature coil linkage gradually in the magnetic pole, produces the every utmost point number of turn of induced potential We(W-, e-circle electromotive force in armature coil).This moment will be if the armature coil external circuit then will produce current i through the overload closure, according to Lenz's induction law, the armature coil sense of current is for stoping weakening of the interior magnetic flux of armature coil, be that the magnetic potential Wi that produces of armature supply is for increasing the magnetic magnetic potential, value when it will make the interior magnetic flux of magnetic circuit not have electric current to be higher than decays gradually, has part magnetic energy to be converted to electric energy output in this process.Attraction between magnetic pole of the stator and rotor pole also increases because of magnetic flux increases to some extent simultaneously, and it is T ' that retarding moment mean value increases _-(it is relevant with current waveform shape and size that moment increases degree).Owing to be three phase half wave rectification, when the A phase winding flows through electric current, there is not electric current in B phase, the C phase winding, so B section and C section magnetic pole of the stator moment of accelerating that rotor pole is produced and still be T ₊(the three-phase resultant moment is not zero when having electric current) then moment balance no longer on the armature spindle, mean deceleration moment T ' _-Greater than average moment of accelerating T ₊, spinner velocity will reduce, and desire to keep the constant need of spinner velocity and replenish mechanical energy W by drive motors to armature spindle _J

W _J＝（T′ _-+T ₊）Δθ _M（1）

(1) Δ θ M=(Δ θ)/(2P) is the mechanical upset angle in the formula

And, produce electric energy Wd when A phase armature winding flows through electric current in (π＞θ＞0) interval

$\mathrm{wd}={\∫}_0^{\frac{\mathrm{II}}{\mathrm{\ω}}}\mathrm{wiedt}={\∫}_0^{\mathrm{\π}}\mathrm{wied\θ}---\left(2\right)$

(2) ω is an angular frequency in the formula

Electric energy Wd expression formula (2) shows that the magnetic pole magnetic flux will determine the size of Wd with the functional relation of rotational angle theta variation, and the flux change rule is by the decision of magnetic resistance change rate rule, so can design the geometry and the size of the magnetic pole, conducting magnet core and the stator and rotor magnetic circuit each several part that meet given Changing Pattern according to the existing knowledge of design of electrical motor.

To 2P magnetic pole arranged, revolutions per second is fm, and the number of phases is the magnetic-energy generator of m, and electromotive power output Pd is

Pd＝m（2P） ²fmWd （3）

The corresponding unbalanced moments that on armature spindle, produces by armature supply and the mechanical output P that produces _JFor

P _J＝m（2P） ²fmW _J（4）

State equation according to magnetic-energy generator can be released electromotive power output P _dWith the mechanical power P of input _JDifference be

P _d-P _J＝ (m)/2 （2P） ²fm（WI） ²d∧ （5）

The variable quantity of the magnetic conductance of d ∧ in the formula-determine by armature coil

By the visible magnetic-energy generator of (5) formula different with common generator be P _d-P _J≠ 0, desire to make magnetic-energy generator to continue rotation and electromotive power output, must guarantee P _d/ P _J=N＞1 has only N＞1 just might make the efficiency eta of system greater than 1.But only there is the relation of N＞1 to exist, can't guarantees that magnetic-energy generator continues rotation and clean electromotive power output is arranged.The no-load loss power P that all exists bearing friction damage, windage loss and iron loss etc. to form because of magnetic-energy generator and drive motors _JFAnd P _JD, also have winding copper loss P _SFAnd P _SD(comprising drive motors excitation winding copper loss).Magnetic-energy generator will continue rotation and output net power P _DyAlso must satisfy following formula:

P _dy＝P _d-P _SF-P _JF-P _J-P _JD-P _SD＞0 （6）

∵ P _d=NP _JHave by (6) formula

P _d-P _SF＞P _d/N+P _JF+P _JD+P _SD

Try to achieve system effectiveness η:

η＝ (P _d- P _SF)/(P _d/N + P _JF+ P _JD+ P _SD) ＞1（7）

As seen the magnetic-energy generator that has only power enough greatly not only to satisfy N＞1 but also satisfy η＞1 just can be accomplished continuous running and export net power, do not satisfy (6) though the relation of magnetic-energy generator N＞1 of formula is still set up, but because of its efficient is the same as with common generator 1, so still need extraneous intake could continue rotation.

The electrical power P of magnetic-energy generator output is found in experiment _dRaise and dull the increase with rotating speed, and the mechanical output P that the unbalanced moments corresponding with armature supply produces _JWhen the mode of connection, connection polarity and load determine that constant relation later and rotating speed is but complicated.When rotating speed is low, P is arranged _J＞P _d, P after rotating speed raises _JDescend, in a certain rotation speed n ₁The time P arranged _J=P _dRelation set up definition n ₁Be first critical whirling speed.When n continues rising P _JContinue to diminish up to P _J=0, definition rotation speed n at this moment ₂Be critical speed of second order.At n ₁＜n＜n ₂There is P in the interval _d＞P _J＞0, work as n=n ₂The time P arranged _d＞0, P _J=0.Rotation speed n continues to raise then P _J＜0, i.e. n＞n ₂The time P arranged _d＞0, P _J＜0 relation exists.At this moment magnetic-energy generator electromotive power output is not only gone back output mechanical power P _J=(P _d)/(N).Promptly being equivalent to but has electrical power output at motoring condition, and magnetic energy not only is converted to electric energy but also be converted to mechanical energy output.

N＞n ₂The time, P _J＜0 phenomenon highly significant, if design proper (the no-load loss P of magnetic-energy generator _JFDesign lessly, P _dBigger), work as P _J=(P _d)/(N)＞P _JFThe time, and when being connected with electromagnetic clutch between drive motors and the magnetic-energy generator; Then magnetic-energy generator and drive motors can be thrown off, magnetic-energy generator is continuous service and outside electromotive power output alone.

If magnetic-energy generator power is bigger, the P of output _JMake P _J=(P _d)/(N)＞P _JF+ P _JD+ P _SDDuring establishment, not only electromotive power output but also output mechanical power drove the drive motors rotation and made drive motors become also outside output electric energy simultaneously of generator operation magnetic-energy generator itself then can to occur.

Experiment is also found to immobilize and when only changing the load resistance resistance when the mode of connection, connection polarity and rotating speed, and is more little when the load resistance, load current is big more, ratio N=P _d/ P _JReducing and increase with resistance.The load resistance also influences critical whirling speed n ₁And n ₂, the more little n of load resistance ₁And n ₂Be worth low more.Load characteristic is also influential.When ohmic load changes inductive load into, under same load current, the N value during inductive load wants big than ohmic load, and critical whirling speed is also low.

The P that finds in the above-mentioned experiment _JAnd P _d/ P _JRatio is variation phenomenon with the variation of n or I, and all the available current waveform peak obtains explaining with respect to the phase shifts between the location torque waveform.N=n for example ₂The time, the magnetic direction pulse current rises and the waveform of descending branch is symmetrical if increase, and electric current just in time reaches peak value at the zero crossing of location torque torque angle displacement characteristic, then makes the retarding moment added value equal to make the moment of accelerating added value in π＜θ＜2 π intervals in 0＜θ＜π interval.So average moment still is zero, i.e. P _J=0.N＞n ₂The time P _J＜0 also is not difficult obtains explaining, promptly current peak dropped on π＜θ＜2 π interval thereby made the moment of accelerating added value greater than making the retarding moment added value in 0＜θ＜π interval in π＜θ＜2 π intervals this moment, and average moment is for quickening the electrokinetic moment direction, so P _J＜0 is output mechanical power, and all the other situations repeat no more.

Experiment finds that the location torque peak value that permanent magnet poles produces does not generally occur at place, (π)/2, be moment peak value angle θ m＜(π)/2, therefore adopt m phase stator and rotor iron core to be difficult to make the location torque balance, the location torque that the high-power magnetic energy generator permanent magnet poles produces is very big, location torque only will reach on the balance theory just can be accomplished when the condition of θ m=(π)/(m) (m 〉=3) satisfies, this on engineering difficulty accomplish.So when design is except that accomplishing θ m ≈ (π)/(m) as far as possible, can install flywheel additional on the drive motors, shaft coupling (7) is used electromagnetic clutch instead, earlier drive motors and flywheel are started to normal speed during starting, control electromagnetic clutch then and magnetic-energy generator axle and drive motors axle are linked together and finish starting.Owing to flywheel is housed on the drive motors axle, the unbalanced moments that can utilize the kinetic energy of flywheel to overcome magnetic-energy generator makes the high-power magnetic energy generator can be with the drive motors driving of smaller power.

Below in conjunction with the concrete parameter of embodiment, further specify the operation logic and the performance of magnetic-energy generator.

Fig. 2 embodiment permanent magnet poles radial arrangement, 2: 17 type SmCo permanent magnet poles size 22 * 40 * 10mm permanent magnet poles residual flux φ r=79200M _XCoercive force gesture F _c=5750A, number of magnetic poles 2P=16, extremely wide b _τ=22mm, the long L=40mm rotor pole of magnetic pole appearance radius R=149mm, air gap g=0.4mm, θ=0 o'clock maximum functional magnetic flux φ max=75500M _X, θ=± minimum work magnetic flux φ min=57000M during π _X; (0＜θ＜π) or (0＞θ＞-π) the maximum variation delta φ=18500M of interval magnetic flux _X, f _m=50 (1/S).

By calculate rotor pole from θ=-π to θ=0 interval the mechanical energy W of life electric energy Wd and consumption _J, establishing magnetic flux φ and change by θ cosine of an angle rule, the armature reaction magnetic potential amplitude WI that armature coil produces is permanent magnet poles coercive force gesture F _c0.36 times, i.e. WI=0.36Fc=2070A.Consider that according to (2) formula and according to experiment armature reaction calculates Wd=0.11458 (J) to the influence of synthetic flux value.

According to the desirable N=5 of experiment, promptly WJ=(Wd)/5=0.0229 (J) obtains electromotive power output P by (3) formula _d

P _d＝3×（16） ²×50×0.11458＝4400W

Obtain mechanical output P by (4) formula _J

P _J＝3×（16） ²×50×0.0229＝880W

Make P during design _JF=800W, P _SF=700W, P _JD=600W P _SD=400W.The clean electromotive power output P of magnetic-energy generator then _DyObtain by (6) formula

P _dy＝4400-700-800-880-600-400＝1020W

System effectiveness η is tried to achieve by (7) formula

η＝ (4400-700)/(880+800+600+400) ＝1.38＞1

Because of N=5＞1, η=1.38＞1, magnetic-energy generator continues rotation and the about 1kW electrical power of outwards clean output.

Fig. 2 embodiment 1 year clean output magnetic energy Δ E that turns round is

ΔE＝（4400-880）×365×24×3600

＝1.1100672×10 ¹¹〔J〕

The magnetic pole quality Δ M that is consumed is

ΔM＝ (△E)/(C ²) ＝ (1.1100672×10 ¹¹)/((2.998 ×10 ⁸) ²)

＝1.23505419×10 ^-6〔kg〕

Be that Fig. 2 embodiment turns round and one is only and consumes 1.235 milligrams of magnet steel, by 1000 yuan of/kilogram calculating, its value can be ignored, and it serves to show that the cost of electric energy that magnetic-energy generator is given birth to is minimum.

The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology:

1, the present invention directly converts magnetic energy to electric energy output, do not consume the outer material of machine in the generation electric energy process and do not produce pollutant yet, will provide a kind of new generating equipment that the pollutions such as " greenhouse effects " acid rain, radioactive residue can provide again electric energy of can avoiding producing for the mankind.

2, the present invention does not have the intermediacys such as boiler, steam turbine (hydraulic turbine) as generating equipment, so power surpasses 100 kilowatts the every cost per kw of equipment far below nuclear energy power generation, is lower than thermal power generation yet.

3, the present invention is converted to electric energy with magnetic energy, only consume the magnet steel quality, and every Year's consumption is insignificant, and adding does not have intermediacy, and equipment consists of simple, and maintenance cost is cheap, thus its cost of electricity-generating to compare with existing generation technology also will be minimum.

4, the mechanical output of the more big generation of generator loading electric current of the present invention is but more little, and generator can not reduce rotating speed because load increases, and only needs the regulating load electric current not need complicated adjusting energizing apparatus for keeping invariablenes turning speed.

5, the present invention design proper, when rotor speed is higher than n₂The time can throw off alone continuous running or drive the drive motors rotation and make drive motors be in generating state of drive motors. Thereby Can obtain the electric energy that do not have the generator of drive motors or can obtain two kinds of different frequencies for example magnetic-energy generator supply with direct current through fairing, drive motors can be supplied with the 50HZ alternating current during for synchronous motor, also can be on the magnetic-energy generator axle be with mechanical load be that magnetic-energy generator had not only been exported electric energy but also output mechanical energy.

6, the present invention also can be used on the vehicles such as propeller driver aircraft, steamer, train, automobile, electric car, makes the flying power of the existing vehicles increase to almost " infinitely ", and surrounding environment is not produced pollution.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of magnetic-energy generator that utilizes the permanent magnet poles energy storage to produce electric energy, comprise generator [1], drive motors [6], halfwave rectifier device [2], switching control [4] batteries [5], feature of the present invention is at similar reluctance type, on the stator core of reluctance machine or stepping motor [10], place permanent magnet poles [11], conducting magnet core [12] and armature winding [13], rotor core [14] magnetic conduction part is made of high permeability material, there is not relative motion between armature winding [13] and permanent magnet poles [11], the flow direction of armature winding linkage is constant, but size changes with the rotor swing circle, and the generation induced potential, the electric energy that produces when flowing through electric current is greater than keeping the mechanical energy that rotor continues rotation, be the maximum electromotive power output that obtains allowing, the halfwave rectifier device [2] that armature winding [13] is formed through unidirectional semiconductor power device is connected with electric loading [3], connect polarity and make armature winding [13] only flow through electric current increasing magnetic direction, armature winding [13] also can be without rectifying device [2] directly to electric loading [3] the supply AC power much smaller than rated value.

2, by the described magnetic-energy generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that stator and rotor can be made up of m iron leg core, every section is a phase of magnetic-energy generator.The position erection stress of m section stator and rotor iron core is asked and is obtained m phase equalising torque system, and single-phase magnetic-energy generator can install flywheel for reducing additional on the speed wave moving axis.

3, by the described magnetic-energy generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that the number of poles of stator and rotor iron core is identical, pole span is rough to be equated.

4,, it is characterized in that permanent magnet poles coercive force gesture is constant for normal value by the described magnetic-energy generator of claim 1.And stator and rotor magnetic circuit magnetic resistance be the function of rotor error angle θ is that the magnetic circuit magnetic linkage is constantly to change when rotor rotates, and armature winding should place the magnetic circuit magnetic linkage to change maximum.

5, by the described magnetic-energy generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that armature winding power output P _dIncrease corresponding mechanical output P with spinner velocity n rising _JAlso raise and change: when rotation speed n is lower than the first critical whirling speed n with rotating speed ₁The time, 0＜P _d＜P _J; Work as n ₁＜n＜n ₂When (critical speed of second order), P _d＞P _J＞0; Work as n=n ₂The time, P _d＞0, P _J=0; As n＞n ₂The time, P _d＞0, P _J＜0, i.e. both also output mechanical power of electromotive power output of magnetic-energy generator this moment.

6, by the described magnetic-energy generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that drive motors (6) can be DC motor, reluctance motor, also can be synchronous motor when utility power, when design was proper, the magnetic-energy generator rated speed be higher than critical speed of second order n ₂The time simultaneously electromotive power output and mechanical output P _J, and P _JValue is during greater than its no-load loss power, and magnetic-energy generator also can break away from drive motors (6) continuous service and outside supply electric energy alone, when output mechanical power is bigger, also can drive the drive motors generating.

7, by the described magnetic-energy generator of claim 1, but it is characterized in that the permanent magnet poles radial arrangement as shown in Figure 3, or arranged tangential is as shown in Figure 6, or axial arranged as Figure 10, shown in Figure 11.

8, by the described magnetic-energy generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that rotor can be tray type structure such as Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9.

9, by claim 1,7 described magnetic-energy generators, it is characterized in that rotor is a cup-shaped structure, stator can make that permanent magnet poles radially puts inside and outside two as shown in figure 12; Or stator can make tangential inside and outside two of putting of permanent magnet poles; Or stator can make inside and outside two that permanent magnet poles is axially put.

10, by the described magnetic-energy generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that for reducing high-power magnetic energy generator drive motors capacity, can install flywheel additional on the drive motors axle, the available electromagnetic clutch of shaft coupling (7) replaces, when motor to be driven and flywheel had reached rated speed during starting, electromagnetic clutch just made magnetic-energy generator and drive motors link together.

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