CN104167142A

CN104167142A - Multifunctional optical experiment instrument

Info

Publication number: CN104167142A
Application number: CN201310202119.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王廷杰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-05-18
Filing date: 2013-05-18
Publication date: 2014-11-26

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of physics teaching equipment, and belongs to an optical phenomenon display instrument. The propagation path of light and generated optical phenomena can be displayed clearly. The instrument comprises a rotatable base, and a magnetic disk with length and angle scales. One fourth of the upper half part of the disk can be turned backwards, one side of the lower half part is equipped with a semicircular glass brick, and the other side of the lower half part is equipped with a semicircular water tank which can be filled with different transparent liquids. The instrument further comprises the following attachments: a magnetic lamp holder, a modified electronic laser lamp, an electronic candle, a pinhole imaging plate capable of adjusting the size of a pinhole, a magnetic clamping slot, a plane mirror imaging transparent glass sheet, a single-slit and double-slit diffraction interference lens, a reflection diffraction grating, a polarization glass sheet, a convex lens with a magnetic base, a concave lens, a prism, an optical screen, and the like. All the attachments can be placed on the magnetic disk, and 18 groups of different optical experiments can be completed by choosing different attachments.

Description

Multifunctional optical tester

Technical field

The present invention relates to physics teaching apparatus field, is to belong to optical phenomena to show experimental apparatus.The travel path of display light and the optical phenomena of generation clearly.It is the important instrument of optics teaching.

Background technology

The large heaviness of optical experiment instrument ubiquity body of using in physics teaching at present, operates hard to tacklely, and cost is higher, function singleness, and optical phenomena is not obvious, low visibility, the shortcoming that need observe in darkroom.Teacher cannot clear display light easily in teaching process travel path, student does not see optical phenomena, can not understand intuitively optical principle, has reduced the enthusiasm of Students ' Learning, has affected teaching efficiency.

Summary of the invention

Technical assignment of the present invention is the weak point for above-mentioned optical experiment instrument, a kind of structure providing is rationally simple, use light flexibly, display optical phenomenon is clear, and visibility is high, does not need darkroom, in classroom, just can make the full student of class see clearly the travel path of light and the optical phenomena of generation, and function is many, purposes is wide, can demonstrate the most Experiments of Optics of junior-senior high school (nearly more than 18 s') instrument.Make vivid being presented in face of student of bright and colourful optical phenomena.

The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical matters takes: this experimental apparatus comprises rotating base; Be carved with the magnetic disk of length scale and angle index, the disk first half have 1/4th can after turn, disk Lower Half is simultaneously equipped with semicircle glass block, another side is equipped with semicircle tank, in tank, can pack different transparency liquids into.The lamp socket that is magnetic, through the electronic laser lamp of repacking; Electric candle; Can regulate the pinhole imaging system dish of aperture size; The draw-in groove that is magnetic, mirror imaging transparent glass sheet, single seam two-slit diffraction are interfered eyeglass, reflecting diffraction grating, polarized glass sheet; The annex such as convex lens, concave mirror, prism, optical screen that has carrying magnetic base.Each annex all can be placed in magnetic disk, selects various combination can complete different experiments.

The present invention compares with existing optical experiment instrument, has reasonable in designly, and simple structure, easily makes, cheap; Flexibly light and handy, easy to use, phenomenon is clear, and visibility is high, without darkroom, the student of the classroom full class of experiment, can see clearly; Function is many, can demonstrate most Experiments of Optics in junior-senior high school physics teaching material (nearly more than 18), can make vivid being presented in face of student of bright and colourful optical phenomena, give student with visual in image Cognition Understanding, motivate students' interest in learning, improve teaching efficiency.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.

The structural representation that accompanying drawing 1 is Multifunctional optical tester.Accompanying drawing 2 is magnetic lamp sockets, and accompanying drawing 3 is electronic laser lamp and magnetic lamp socket, and accompanying drawing 4 is pinhole imaging system dishes, and accompanying drawing 5 is magnetic draw-in grooves.

In accompanying drawing: 1, magnetic disk, 2,1/4 can after turn magnetic disk, 3, semicircle glass block, 4, semicircle tank (at another side), 5, length scale, 6, angle index, 7, rubber hinge, 8, rotatable column, 9, base, 10, electronic laser lamp and magnetic lamp socket.11, draw-in groove, 12, circular magnet.13, aperture, 14, aperture size adjustable plate, 15, aperture rotating disk, 16, aperture selects knob, 17, aperture selects sign, 18, magnetic draw-in groove.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 and specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.

Multifunctional optical tester of the present invention, its structure comprises the magnetic disk 1 that is carved with length scale 5 and angle index 6, disk top have 1/4 can after turn 2, disk is simultaneously equipped with semicircle glass block 3, another side is equipped with semicircle tank 4, in tank, can pack different transparency liquids into; Rubber hinge 7 is equipped with at perpendicular bisector place, top, and rotatable column 8 and base 9 are arranged at bottom, can place the electronic laser lamp 10 through the carrying magnetic lamp socket of repacking in card.Other annex has: magnetic draw-in groove, and electric candle, can regulate the pinhole imaging system dish of aperture size, level crossing, transparent glass sheet, single seam double slit eyeglass, reflecting diffraction grating, polarized glass sheet; The concave mirror of carrying magnetic base, convex lens, prism, optical screen etc.

Make magnetic disk: on the highly dense plate of 35cm * 35cm, draw the circle that diameter is 32cm, along vertical and horizontal diameter, cut 1/4, then carve the dark groove of the wide 2mm of 1cm along vertical footpath, sticky rubber strip in groove; On sheet iron, draw again the circle that diameter is 32cm, along vertical and horizontal diameter, cut 1/4, bonding with highly dense plate; Be decorated with the pressure sensitive adhesive of length scale and angle index on sheet iron; Finally semicircle glass block and semicircle tank are bonded at respectively to disk both sides (the three center of circle will on same straight line).

Rotatable column is made of plastic tube; Base can be made disc type or drawer type, and drawer type can be put annex.

During teaching, can in magnetic disk, place different annexes according to different lecture experiments, as electronic laser lamp, level crossing, concave mirror, prism, convex lens, optical screen etc.; On magnetic draw-in groove, can block pinhole imaging system dish, transparent glass sheet, single seam double slit eyeglass, reflecting diffraction grating, polarized glass sheet etc.With demonstration pinhole imaging system rule, reflection of light rule, plane mirror imaging law, concave mirror imaging law, law of refraction, total reflection and critical angle, convex lens image-forming discipline, the optical phenomenas such as two-slit interference, single slit diffraction, optical grating diffraction, polarisation of light.

Using method:

1, the rectilinear propagation of demonstration light: make the inswept disk plane of laser (line source) or inject in glass or water along perpendicular bisector with laser lamp, all can see that the route that light is propagated in medium of the same race is straight.

2, demonstration pinhole imaging system: candle, pinhole imaging system dish and optical screen are successively placed on disk, regulate the distance between three, can see the picture that candle stands upside down on optical screen.Regulate the sharpness of aperture size observable picture and the situation of change of brightness.

3, demonstration reflection of light rule: facet mirror is placed on semicircle glass block, with the inswept disk plane directive of the different incidence angles center of circle, can sees that reflection angle equals incident angle with laser lamp.Do experiment several times more, can draw reflection of light rule.

4, demonstration plane mirror imaging law: transparent glass sheet is inserted to magnetic draw-in groove, along vertical footpath, be placed on disk, electric candle is turned on and is placed on transparent glass sheet one side, observe the picture that it becomes in glass sheet, then take another electric candle to move at opposite side, until when also picture point is bright, observe two lamp sizes, just, apart from the distance of glass sheet, can draw plane mirror imaging law.

5, refraction, reflection and the rule of demonstration light in glass or water: inject glass or water with the inswept disk plane of laser lamp from circle centre position, observe the situation of change of incident light, refract light and reflection ray, sum up law of refraction.

6, total reflection and the critical angle of demonstration light: use laser lamp along circumference vertical sand shooting to semicircle glass block or semicircle tank circle centre position, observe incident ray, refracted ray and reflection ray, when incident angle increases to a certain value gradually, refract light is injected in glass or water entirely, and total reflection has occurred.At this moment incident angle is critical angle.

7, survey the refractive index of glass or liquid: in experiment (5), measure the value at several groups of incident angles and refraction angle, with refractive index formula, can calculate refractive index.

8, the reversibility of demonstration light path: do and reflect or refraction experiment with laser, incident angle and reflection angle or refraction angle are exchanged, it is reversible can observing light path.

9, the converging action of demonstration convex lens to light: electric candle is turned on, along the semicircle glass block of disk plane directive, can be seen that refracted ray assembles to centre.For saying that convex lens lay the first stone.

10, the dispersion phenomenon of demonstration light: prism is placed on disk, irradiates prism and regulate incident angle with white led lamps, colorama is occurred, illustrate that white light can be decomposed into colorama.

11, demonstration convex lens: candle (or electric candle), convex lens, optical screen are placed on disk, make successively object distance be greater than, equal, be less than two times of focal lengths, the picture of candle is become on optical screen clearly.Observe as the situation of change with object distance and sum up convex lens image-forming discipline.

12, survey focal length of convex lens: convex lens, optical screen are placed on disk, and candle is placed at a distance, regulates optical screen, makes to become minimum candle picture on screen, and at this moment screen is the focal length of convex lens to the distance of convex lens.

13, demonstration concave mirror imaging: concave mirror, candle (or electric candle), optical screen are placed on disk and regulate triangular distance, the picture of candle is become on optical screen clearly.Do experimental summary several times more and go out concave mirror imaging law.

14, the single slit diffraction of demonstration light: optical screen and the glass sheet that is carved with single seam are placed on disk, irradiate single seam with laser lamp, can see clearly light and dark diffraction pattern on optical screen.

15, demonstration phenomenon of grating diffraction: a slice CD is placed on semicircle tank, laser is slanted on CD, receive reflected light with optical screen, can see light and dark diffraction pattern.

16, the two-slit interference of demonstration light: optical screen and the glass sheet that is carved with double slit are placed on disk, irradiate double slit with laser lamp, can see clearly light and dark interference hot spot on optical screen.

17, demonstration polarisation of light phenomenon: optical screen and polarized glass sheet are placed on disk, irradiate polarized glass sheet with white led lamps, and regulate the angle of another polaroid, can see that on optical screen the light and shade of light changes.

Claims

1. Multifunctional optical tester, comprises the magnetic disk 1 that is carved with length scale and angle index, disk top have 1/4 can after turn magnetic disk 2, disk is simultaneously equipped with semicircle glass block 3, another side is equipped with semicircle tank 4, in tank, can pack different transparency liquids into, rubber hinge 7; Rotatable column 8 is arranged at bottom, and base 9; There are electronic laser lamp and magnetic lamp socket 10 through repacking.

2. can regulate the pinhole imaging system dish of aperture size, magnetic draw-in groove.