CN104167118B - Simulation experiment apparatus for ship fire disaster - Google Patents
Simulation experiment apparatus for ship fire disaster Download PDFInfo
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- CN104167118B CN104167118B CN201410336054.5A CN201410336054A CN104167118B CN 104167118 B CN104167118 B CN 104167118B CN 201410336054 A CN201410336054 A CN 201410336054A CN 104167118 B CN104167118 B CN 104167118B
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Abstract
Disclosed in the invention is a simulation experiment apparatus for a ship fire disaster. The apparatus comprises an enclosed cabin, an automatic ventilation control mechanism, a fire source combustion system, a smoke monitoring system, and a data acquisition computer. The enclosed cabin is arranged horizontally; and the proportion of the length to the height of the enclosed cabin is a value less than 10:1. A piece of transparent fire-proof glass is arranged at the side of the enclosed cabin; and composite rock wool structures formed in stain steel plates are formed at the top surface and the bottom surface of the enclosed cabin. The automatic ventilation control mechanism arranged above the enclosed cabin is respectively communicated with the two ends of the enclosed cabin. The fire source combustion system is arranged inside the enclosed cabin; and the distance between the fire source combustion system and a blast pipe is in a range of 1 to 3 meters. The smoke monitoring system is arranged in the enclosed cabin. The data acquisition computer is respectively connected with the fire source combustion system and the smoke monitoring system by a multi-channel data acquisition instrument and is also connected with the automatic ventilation control mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the analogue technique of ship fire, more specifically, it is to be related to a kind of simulation experiment of ship fire
Device.
Background technology
In various ships disaster, fire is one of main harm, and the poisonous and harmful high-temperature flue gas that ship fire produces are
The immediate cause causing casualties.Therefore, explore a kind of smoke movement simulation that effectively can directly to ship fire
The new method of experiment is necessary.The means that current research fire smoke spreads rule have experimentation and computer numerical
Simulation, wherein computer numerical simulation includes field model technology, regional model technology and network model's technology.As waterborne
Means of transport, ship's space has sealing, and space structure is complicated, and each cabin is an independent space, and is on the whole
One network with independent ventilation systems, single fire spread model can not characterize ship from local to overall completely comprehensively
Oceangoing ship fire and the migration rule of flue gas, there is lance with the reality of current ship fire Frequent Accidents in existing fire calculating simulation
Shield, is therefore badly in need of integrating the advantage of existing simulating experiment technique, the field model of ships fire smoke scene characteristics, region mould
Coupling technique between type and network model, to realize the scene characteristics after being occurred to overall total calculation ship fire by local.
This is accomplished by setting up the field-area-net coupled simulation experiment porch of ship fire scene characteristics, by the field of ship fire, area, net three
Plant technological means to combine, the coupling technique between exploitation three, there is with comprehensive sign the ship fire of Complicated Spatial Structure
Calamity scene characteristics.However, the research of ship fire field-area-net coupled simulation model is fresh few, there are no and set up related experiment device
Document.
Content of the invention
For defect present in prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simulation experiment dress of ship fire
Put.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of analogue experiment installation of ship fire, including：
Closed in space, described closed in space horizontal positioned, described closed in space is in rectangular structure, the model of its length
Enclose respectively 10～20 meters, 0.6～1.2 meter, 1.0～2.0 meters, wherein, the length of described closed in space and high ratio are 10：1
Within；The side of described closed in space is transparent fireproof glass, and the top surface of described closed in space, bottom surface are all using located at rustless steel
Composite rock wool structure in plate；
Automatic ventilation controlling organization, described automatic ventilation controlling organization is located at the top of described closed in space, described automatic
Ventilation Control mechanism is connected with the two ends of described closed in space respectively；
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system in closed in space, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system with automatically lead to
The distance between blast pipe in wind controlling organization is in 1～3 meter；
Flue gas monitoring system, described flue gas monitoring system is in closed in space；
Data acquisition computer, described data acquisition computer expert is crossed multi-Channels Data Acquisition and is burnt with described burning things which may cause a fire disaster respectively and is
System and described flue gas monitoring system are connected；Described data acquisition computer is also connected with automatic ventilation controlling organization.
Described automatic ventilation controlling organization includes blast pipe, discharge pipe, axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan and Ventilation Control
System, the cross section of described blast pipe and discharge pipe is square, and described blast pipe and discharge pipe are respectively arranged on airtight
The top at cabin two ends, described blast pipe and discharge pipe are connected with closed in space by valve respectively, and described axial-flow type is prevented
Quick-fried smoke exhaust fan is connected with the outlet of described discharge pipe；Described ventilated control system respectively with valve and the explosion-proof row of axial-flow type
Cigarette blower fan is connected；Described ventilated control system is also connected with data acquisition computer.
Described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system includes combustion system, fuel system and burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system,
It is circular food tray that described combustion system includes cross section, the diameter range of described food tray：10～50 centimetres；Described
It is additionally provided with electrical heating wire in food tray；
Described fuel system includes the cylinder equipped with liquid fuel, is provided with two pieces and places from top to bottom in described cylinder
Baffle plate, wherein,
The horizontal level of the upper end of one baffle plate is higher than the horizontal level of the pasta of liquid fuel in described food tray, this baffle plate
Lower end located at the bottom of cylinder top；The lower end of another baffle plate is fixedly connected with the bottom of described cylinder, its upper end and institute
The pasta stating liquid fuel in food tray is on same horizontal plane；Cylinder is divided into three oil pockets, wherein, first by described baffle plate
The bottom connection of oil pocket and the second oil pocket, is provided with oil pump in the 3rd oil pocket, described oil pump passes through oil transportation conduit and described second
Oil pocket is connected；Oil pocket between described two baffle plates is the second oil pocket；
Described electrical heating wire and described oil pump are connected with described burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system respectively；
The lower section of described cylinder and food tray be respectively arranged below with electronic balance, described electronic balance passes through to lead to respectively
Track data Acquisition Instrument is connected with data acquisition computer.
Described flue gas monitoring system includes temperature testing organization, wind speed measurement mechanism, flue gas concentration testing agency and pressure
Tension detection mechanism.
Described temperature testing organization includes some groups of temperature sensors, and each group temperature sensor is equal along the axis of closed in space
Even interval in closed in space, include in described every group of temperature sensor several from top to bottom uniform intervals arranged vertically
Temperature sensor；Each temperature sensor is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
Described pressure detection mechanism includes several pressure transducers, and described pressure transducer sets in same horizontal plane
Below the centrage of the top surface of the closed in space in the lower air port of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system, the top of this horizontal plane and described closed in space
The distance in face is within 5cm；Each pressure transducer is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
Described flue gas concentration testing agency includes several Smoke Sensors, and the front end of described Smoke Sensor is passed through can
The flue gas concentration thief hole of closure stretches in closed in space, and described flue gas concentration thief hole is located at the same side of closed in space
On, the straight line that described flue gas concentration thief hole is linked to be is a horizontal line, and the distance of the top surface of this horizon distance closed in space exists
Within 30 centimetres；Described flue gas concentration thief hole is all located at the lower air port of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system；Described Smoke Sensor leads to respectively
Cross multi-Channels Data Acquisition to be connected with data acquisition computer.
Described wind speed measurement mechanism on the cross section of closed in space, described wind speed measurement mechanism and described automatic ventilation
The horizontal range of the discharge pipe in controlling organization is more than the equivalent diameter of three times passage；Between described wind speed measurement mechanism is included uniformly
Several air velocity transducers, wherein, adjacent four are included in some groups of air velocity transducers arranged vertically, every group of air velocity transducer
The rectangular area that individual air velocity transducer is constituted is in 0.05m2Within；Described air velocity transducer passes through multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively
It is connected with data acquisition computer.
Also include scale, described scale level is located at the upper end of the side of closed in space.
Also include hydraulic up-down platform, described hydraulic up-down platform is respectively arranged on the lower section at closed in space two ends, institute
State the slanted angle that hydraulic up-down platform adjusts closed in space and horizontal plane, the range of accommodation of slanted angle is ± 15 °.
It is complete by being layered that described automatic ventilation controlling organization adjusts flue gas air port direction under described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system
The critical point of sedimentation, described critical point meets following condition：
In (Fr)crWhen=1；
In formula：(Fr)crFreund discriminant；
λ is the ratio of top heat smoke stream thickness and channel height；
Z is top heat smoke stream height；
H is channel height.
Compared with prior art, using a kind of analogue experiment installation of ship fire of the present invention, simulation reconstruction ship cabin
Whole scene characteristics of room fire plume, backlayering and the whole passage of Smoke component, this unit simulation reproduces ship's space fire
Whole scene characteristics of calamity plume, backlayering and the whole passage of Smoke component, its Advantageous Effects may be embodied in following several
Individual aspect：
1. the stability of experimental data：Burning things which may cause a fire disaster firing rate constant in experimentation, display supply fuel oil quality precision 0.1
Gram, food tray adopts resistive heater heating igniting；Above burning things which may cause a fire disaster point, ceiling temperature controls below 800 DEG C.Root in experimentation
According to controlling food tray yardstick and burning things which may cause a fire disaster burn rate, flue gas is controlled first to produce layering away from burning things which may cause a fire disaster point apart from difference in experiment cabin
It is full of whole cabin passageway eventually；Temperature point precision controlling is at 0.1 DEG C about；Flue gas flow rate precision controlling is left in 0.01 meter per second
The right side, stress test precision controlling is about 1 handkerchief；Carbon monoxide certainty of measurement 10ppm in flue gas；Due to experiment condition and ginseng
The repeatable height of the controllability of number and good stability, therefore experiment.
2. the autgmentability of experiential function：Nacelle agent structure is positioned on Height Adjustable foot rest it is ensured that nacelle inclination angle
0～15 ° of scope of degree, due to natural wind or accident in the hull heeling condition becoming during simulation ship sail, adds oil
Disk scale size is adjustable to burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion characteristics, contribute to studying in ramp way under different burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion characteristics due to
The throttle effect of flue gas and the comprehensive effect of buoyancy effect, and the mechanism of action that the fire heating air pressure producing transports to flue gas；Cabin is pushed up
Temperature and smokescope alarm device are installed in extensibility ground by portion, can study the rule that different fire alarm installations respond to fire
Property and ageing；This experimental provision can be in conjunction with PIV particle image velocimetry technology, to fire flow field space structure and flow behavior
Carry out experimentation.
In a word, a kind of analogue experiment installation of ship fire of the present invention can the field model of ships fire, region mould
The border coupling technique of type and network model, has repeatability and the extensibility of experiment
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the wind speed measurement mechanism of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the electric control theory figure of the burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system in Fig. 2；
Fig. 5 is the electric control theory figure of the ventilation automatic control system of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the temperature and pressure monitoring electric control theory figure of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the principle schematic of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate technical scheme with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The principle of the present invention is as follows：
Shown in Figure 7, in figure, G is wind direction, and whole closed in space is divided into 8 cabins (in figure first cabin along wind direction
Label to the 8th cabin is followed successively by 51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58), burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at the 4th cabin, the fuel combustion at burning things which may cause a fire disaster
Boiled begin after, top flue gas spread process as shown in FIG., burning things which may cause a fire disaster near zone is divided into upper strata flue gas layer and lower floor's cold air
Layer, flue gas layer fully settles in a certain position keeping fire away, and cold air layer disappears, and flue gas is full of whole passage.
Whole ship fire has the definition of three below type：
1) field model, also known as physical model, is multi-party based on the quality controlling fire process, momentum, energy and chemical reaction
A kind of high-level complex model of face fundamental equation.Survey region is divided into many infinitesimal control volumes, three dimensions can be given
The distribution of physical quantity in greater detail, but need larger amount of calculation and longer calculating time, it is only applicable to the burning things which may cause a fire disaster in fire
And its near space.
2) regional model, also known as half physical model, is divided into space the hot smoke layer of upper part and the cold air of lower part
Layer, each in the layer physical quantity such as temperature, flue gas concentration etc. are and are uniformly distributed, and the required calculating time is shorter.But for having
Complex geometric shapes, have the space of strong burning things which may cause a fire disaster or forced ventilation, its error will very big so that losing verity.And ship is come
Say, cabin and passage are narrow and small with respect to building, and lamination only appears in the specific localized areas of cabin or passage, non-
In stable state flue gas migration process, flue gas is easily full of whole space, and network model is special more suitable for the scene calculating fire smoke
Property；
3) pessimistic concurrency control is a kind of model of more simplification, and its basic thought is by each restricted clearance of research interior volume
It is considered as a cell node, and the state parameter (as flue gas concentration) setting within these cell nodes is uniformly distributed.Plume only needs
Represented with uniformity parameter it is adaptable to keep fire away and various mixing can be considered uniform passage.It is true that in the area keeping fire away
Domain, if it is possible to set up excellent one dimensional network model, is more accurately completed the entirety to ship fire flue gas migration rule
Calculate.
Described field-area's Coupling point can artificially be selected, typically appropriate in burning things which may cause a fire disaster downwind side 1～3m position.
The generation of described area-net Coupling point is just being intended to the design of the analogue experiment installation by the present invention to realize, and
Judge that whether fire smoke and cold air are layered according to Freund discriminant, and then using the position of cold air layer disappearance as area-net
Coupling point.Freund discriminant is shown below：
In formula：(Fr)crFreund discriminant；
λ is the ratio of top heat smoke stream thickness and channel height；
Z is top heat smoke stream height；
H is channel height.
With flue gas during the spreading of passage, due to being limited by upper top and both sides, heat smoke is constantly rolled up under suction
Portion's cold air, after flue gas thickness increases, flow velocity is slack-off, and density increases, (Fr)crNumber progressively becomes big.As (Fr)crDuring ＞ 1, flow of flue gas
Inertia force decline, now gravity plays Main Function, and the relative flow of top heat smoke and bottom cold air is smaller, can
To think now top heat smoke and bottom cold air layering not obvious, in this, as the border of area-net coupled simulation.
Field-area that the analogue experiment installation of the ship fire of the present invention is simulated-net coupled simulation experiment, manages according to above
By analysis and calculating, achievable area-net coupling phenomenon is presented in the effective monitoring section of experimental provision.
Meanwhile, the generation Hui Shi area-net Coupling point of automatic ventilation controlling organization moves to the direction keeping fire away, ship fire
Calamity field-area-net coupled simulation experimental provision, is produced in the range of 0～1.5m/s in passage by automatic ventilation controlling organization
Scalable wind speed, realizes movement in the effective monitoring section of passage for the area-net Coupling point, to support the ship fire under air speed influence
Field-area-net coupled simulation research.
Embodiment
Referring to a kind of analogue experiment installation of the ship fire shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, including the inside of closed in space 15
Space is rectangular structure, and its length is 10m, and width is 0.6m, highly for 1.0m, so that flue gas layer fully settles in passage
Until being full of whole passage.Or, the length of closed in space 15 is 20m, width is 1.2m, highly for 2m, that is, presses a reduced ratio
Example size simulated fire flue gas spreads feature in boats and ships passage.Referring to Fig. 3, the side of closed in space 15 is transparent fire proofed wood
Material 28, is easy to observe and record the feature that spreads of fire smoke, and platform top surface, bottom surface are composite rock wool material 29, and its thickness is
10cm, and meet CB/3518.1～3518.6-92, composite rock wool 29 is outside to be corrosion resistant plate 30 as surfacing.
Refer to Fig. 1 again, closed in space 15 two ends are respectively blast pipe 81, discharge pipe 82, valve 2 and axle stream from right to left
Formula anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan 3.Air inlet and air outlet are square, and the length of side can be 0.3m.The valve of blast pipe 81 side and air intake
The valve of pipe 82 side and axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan 3 are carried out instructing control by ventilated control system 4.The control of ventilated control system
Operating mode processed has 4：
(1) simultaneously close off the valve into and out of airduct, do not start axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, simulate closing space reducing internal heat
Calamity Emergence and Development and natural extinguishing process.Purpose is made by described experimental provision research burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion characteristics.
(2) close the valve of air intake tube side, open the valve of air draft tube side, do not start axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, with
Simulated fire flue gas spreads operating mode naturally, can assume backlayering and the sedimentation phenomenon of different scale burning things which may cause a fire disaster, that is, assume fire
Field-area, area-net Coupling point, realize the field-area-net coupled simulation of fire and flue gas.
(3) open air intake tube side and the valve of air draft tube side while starting burning things which may cause a fire disaster system, start axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume
Blower fan, realizes flue gas by the rotating speed of regulation axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan logical in experiment by the critical point being layered sedimentation completely
Movement in road certain level range scale, assumes wind speed to the impact phenomenon of fire smoke area-net Coupling point and rule, can prop up
Hold the ship fire field-area-net coupled simulation research under air speed influence.
(4) fire initial time simultaneously closes off the valve into and out of airduct, does not start axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, in fire
In a certain moment after calamity generation, open the valve into and out of airduct, open axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, analog mechanical control wind simultaneously
Impact to fire and flue gas.
Refer to Fig. 1 again, burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system position is far from inlet side 1.5m.The burning things which may cause a fire disaster of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system is by combustion system
5 and fuel system 6 form, detailed construction example is referring to Fig. 2.As shown in Fig. 2 the open section of food tray 17 is circle, oil
Disk size can change regulation, and diameter can be 10cm to 50cm, and oil transportation conduit 24 and fuel are passed through in the perforate of food tray bottom center
Supply system is connected.For the ease of lighting liquid fuel, the internal setting electrical heating wire 18 of food tray 17 preheats to fuel.
The weight of food tray and fuel oil is transferred on balance 20 by connecting rod 19.Fuel system 6 is by cylinder 21, oil pump 22 and baffle plate 23
Composition.Wherein the inner chamber of cylinder 21 is divided into the first oil pocket, the second oil pocket and three parts of the 3rd oil pocket by baffle plate 23, and wherein
Between one oil pocket and the second oil pocket, bottom is connected to form linker structure, and the second oil pocket and the 3rd oil pocket are connected by oil transportation conduit 24
Connect, realized by the fuel feeding of the 3rd oil pocket to the second oil pocket and the first oil pocket by oil pump 22.During experiment, by the combustion in the 3rd oil pocket
Oil is delivered in the second oil pocket by oil pump, and the second oil pocket passes through the fluting of bottom to the first oil pocket fuel feeding.Due to going out of oil pump
Mouth flow is consistently greater than the fuel delivery to food tray for the oil box, and the therefore first oil pocket remains constant with the pasta of the second oil pocket,
And pasta and the pasta of food tray keep in the same horizontal line in the second oil pocket and the 3rd oil pocket.Simultaneously as the first oil pocket
With the bottom UNICOM of the second oil pocket, eliminate the impact that outlet fuel impact causes to liquid level, so that the oil in the first oil pocket
Face is stable.Food tray system and oil supply system are placed on electronic balance 20, and weighing precision can be 0.1 gram, and weighing data passes through many
Channel data Acquisition Instrument 7 is transferred on data acquisition computer 8, sees Fig. 1.Liquid fuel 25 can be liquid alkane, diesel oil or kerosene
Deng.Electrical heating wire 18 and oil pump 22 pass through burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system 26 and realize automatically controlling.The function of burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system 26 is：
(1) interruption starts electrical heating wire 18 to heat liquid fuel, and the time interval of interruption can artificially be adjusted；(2) start or close oil
Pump.It should be noted that the Fuel Consumption of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system is defined by the weight summation that two balances are gathered, this can
To avoid the stress shake causing because of oil transportation of oil transportation conduit and then the accuracy affecting metering.
Refer to Fig. 1 again, to include temperature sensor 9, pressure transducer 10, flue gas dense for the monitoring of flue gas physical parameter
Degree thief hole 11 and wind speed measurement mechanism 12 form.Temperature sensor is as many as possible to divide to obtain Fire Smoke Temperature in detail
Cloth rule, temperature sensor 9 in this example is equidistantly spaced from from top to bottom, from left to right along burning things which may cause a fire disaster point place cross section, every group
Temperature sensor is 9 from top to bottom, is spaced apart 1m between two groups of group temperature sensors.In closed in space during fire test
Portion's static pressure is equal everywhere in theory, but in order to contrast, pressure-measuring-point can be 2～3, sets away from fire location different interval
Put.In this example, pressure transducer 10 is 2, near the end face center line setting of closed in space, horizontal direction on vertical direction
Distance away from burning things which may cause a fire disaster section is 2m and 6m.Flue gas concentration thief hole 11 is arranged on transparent sides material 28, and vertical direction is according to top
Identity distance, from no more than 30cm, in order to obtain the gas component of upper strata flue gas layer, horizontal direction can be arranged at equal intervals every 1m,
In order to obtain detailed flue gas concentration data.In this example, flue gas concentration thief hole 11 is set to 3, and horizontal direction is away from burning things which may cause a fire disaster
The distance of place section is 1m, 2m and 7m, to obtain the flue gas composition physical parameter nearby with the position that keeps fire away for the burning things which may cause a fire disaster, vertically
On direction, thief hole is 0.25cm away from top board distance.Wind speed measurement mechanism 12 on A-A section, A-A section near exhaust outlet side,
Measuring wind speed section apart from exhaust outlet horizontal range be not less than three times passage equivalent diameter (calculating of equivalent diameter is 4 times
The area of the cross section of closed in space is divided by the girth of cross section), to eliminate the shadow to measuring wind speed value for the exhaust outlet local eddy currents
Ring.In the example of fig. 1 the cross section of closed in space be rectangle, equivalent diameter be 1m, therefore setting measuring wind speed A-A section away from
Exhaust outlet side 3.5m.The measurement data of the electronic balance 20 in the data of flue gas monitoring system and burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system is passed through to lead to more
Track data Acquisition Instrument 7 is transferred to data acquisition computer 8, and realizes record and the analysis of experimental data by software program.Close
Closing the horizontal checkout section setting length scales 13 in cabin, intuitively to observe the smoke transportation away from burning things which may cause a fire disaster diverse location, also can join
Conjunction flue gas layer monitoring system is effectively monitored flue gas layer and is spread rule.
Referring to Fig. 1, closed in space 15 is rectangular structure, length direction and horizontal plane angle 14 adjustable extent be ±
15 °, for simulate ship fire flue gas tilt closed in space in spread rule.The regulation of angle 14 can pass through fluid pressure type liter
Drop platform 16 to realize.
Referring to Fig. 3, wind speed measurement mechanism 12 is arranged on A-A section.27 is air velocity transducer, the number of sectional wind velocity measuring point
Amount determination principle be：It is not more than 0.05m with 4 air velocity transducers for the minimum rectangle area being formed2, in this example, break
Face area is 1m2, air velocity transducer quantity is set to 25.
The electric control method of burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system 26 referring to Fig. 4, oil pump 22 and heating wire 18 respectively by switch CJ1 and
CJ2 controls, and XD0 is power supply instruction, XD1 and XD2 is the work instruction of oil pump and heating wire.Burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system can be taken constant
Fuel system provides fuel, fire smoke transportation under research constant combustion speed, a fueling mode may also be employed, research
The generation of a certain amount of fuel fire, development and extinguishing process.
Referring to Fig. 5, XD3 and XD4 is power supply instruction and controls instruction, enters for the electrical control 31 of ventilation automatic control system 4
The valve of airduct side controls keying by switching K2, and XD5 is the valve opening instruction of air intake tube side.The valve of air-out tube side is by switching
K3 controls keying, and XD6 is discharge pipe side valve open instruction.
Referring to Fig. 6, it is temperature and pressure monitoring electrical control 32, multi-channel data acquisition includes ZR-RX45 and extension
Device one ZR-RXT1 and expander two ZR-RXT1.In Fig. 6 example shown, temperature sensor has T1 to T48, and pressure transducer is
YL1, YL2 and YL3.
Those of ordinary skill in the art is it should be appreciated that above embodiment is intended merely to illustrate the present invention's
Purpose, and be not used as limitation of the invention, such as automatic ventilation controlling organization, burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system, temperature testing organization,
Wind speed measurement mechanism, flue gas concentration testing agency and pressure detection mechanism etc. all can also can reach this using others
Improving eyesight structure, as long as in the essential scope of the present invention, the change of embodiment described above, modification all will be fallen at this
In the range of bright claim.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of analogue experiment installation of ship fire is it is characterised in that include：
Closed in space, described closed in space horizontal positioned, described closed in space is in rectangular structure, and the scope of its length is divided
Not Wei 10～20 meters, 0.6～1.2 meter, 1.0～2.0 meters, wherein, the length of described closed in space and high ratio are 10：Within 1；
The side of described closed in space is transparent fireproof glass, and the top surface of described closed in space, bottom surface are all using in corrosion resistant plate
Composite rock wool structure；
Automatic ventilation controlling organization, described automatic ventilation controlling organization is located at the top of described closed in space, described automatic ventilation
Controlling organization is connected with the two ends of described closed in space respectively；
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system in closed in space, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system and automatic ventilation control
The distance between blast pipe in mechanism processed is in 1～3 meter；
Flue gas monitoring system, described flue gas monitoring system is in closed in space；
Data acquisition computer, described data acquisition computer expert cross multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively with described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system with
And described flue gas monitoring system is connected；Described data acquisition computer is also connected with automatic ventilation controlling organization；
Described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system includes combustion system, fuel system and burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system,
It is circular food tray that described combustion system includes cross section, the diameter range of described food tray：10～50 centimetres；Described food tray
Inside it is additionally provided with electrical heating wire；
Described fuel system includes the cylinder equipped with liquid fuel, is provided with two pieces of gears placed from top to bottom in described cylinder
Plate, wherein,
The horizontal level of the upper end of one baffle plate is higher than the horizontal level of the pasta of liquid fuel in described food tray, under this baffle plate
End is located at the top of the bottom of cylinder；
The lower end of another baffle plate is fixedly connected with the bottom of described cylinder, the pasta of the liquid fuel in its upper end and described food tray
On same horizontal plane；
Cylinder is divided into three oil pockets by two baffle plates, wherein, the bottom connection of the first oil pocket and the second oil pocket, set in the 3rd oil pocket
There is oil pump, described oil pump is connected with described second oil pocket by oil transportation conduit；Oil pocket between described two baffle plates is the second oil
Chamber；
Described electrical heating wire and described oil pump are connected with described burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system respectively；
The lower section of described cylinder and food tray be respectively arranged below with electronic balance, described electronic balance passes through multichannel number respectively
It is connected with data acquisition computer according to Acquisition Instrument.
2. analogue experiment installation according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Described automatic ventilation controlling organization includes blast pipe, discharge pipe, axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan and ventilated control system,
The cross section of described blast pipe and discharge pipe is square, and described blast pipe and discharge pipe are respectively arranged on closed in space two
The top at end, described blast pipe and discharge pipe are connected with closed in space by valve respectively, described axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume
Blower fan is connected with the outlet of described discharge pipe；Described ventilated control system respectively with valve and axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan
It is connected；Described ventilated control system is also connected with data acquisition computer.
3. analogue experiment installation according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Described flue gas monitoring system includes temperature testing organization, wind speed measurement mechanism, flue gas concentration testing agency and pressure inspection
Survey mechanism.
4. analogue experiment installation according to claim 3 it is characterised in that
Described temperature testing organization includes some groups of temperature sensors, each group temperature sensor along closed in space axis uniform between
Every in closed in space, in temperature sensor described in every group, include several uniform intervals temperature arranged vertically from top to bottom
Sensor；Each temperature sensor is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
5. analogue experiment installation according to claim 3 it is characterised in that
Described pressure detection mechanism includes several pressure transducers, and described pressure transducer is in same horizontal plane located at fire
Below the centrage of the top surface of the closed in space in lower air port of source combustion system, the top surface of this horizontal plane and described closed in space
Distance is within 5cm；Each pressure transducer is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
6. analogue experiment installation according to claim 3 it is characterised in that
Described flue gas concentration testing agency includes several Smoke Sensors, and the front end of described Smoke Sensor is passed through to close
Flue gas concentration thief hole stretch in closed in space, described flue gas concentration thief hole on the same side of closed in space, institute
Stating the straight line that flue gas concentration thief hole is linked to be is a horizontal line, and the distance of the top surface of this horizon distance closed in space is at 30 centimetres
Within；Described flue gas concentration thief hole is all located at the lower air port of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system；Described Smoke Sensor passes through to lead to respectively
Track data Acquisition Instrument is connected with data acquisition computer.
7. analogue experiment installation according to claim 3 it is characterised in that
On the cross section of closed in space, described wind speed measurement mechanism is controlled with described automatic ventilation for described wind speed measurement mechanism
The horizontal range of the discharge pipe in mechanism is more than the equivalent diameter of three times passage；Described wind speed measurement mechanism includes uniform intervals and hangs down
Some groups of air velocity transducers of in line row, include several air velocity transducers, wherein, adjacent four wind in every group of air velocity transducer
The rectangular area that fast sensor is constituted is in 0.05m2Within；Described air velocity transducer passes through multi-Channels Data Acquisition and number respectively
It is connected according to collection computer.
8. analogue experiment installation according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Also include hydraulic up-down platform, described hydraulic up-down platform is respectively arranged on the lower section at closed in space two ends, described liquid
Pressed liftable platform adjusts the slanted angle of closed in space and horizontal plane, and the range of accommodation of slanted angle is ± 15 °.
9. analogue experiment installation according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Described automatic ventilation controlling organization adjusts flue gas air port direction under described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system and is settled completely by being layered
Critical point, described critical point meets following condition：
In (Fr)crWhen=1；
In formula：(Fr)crFreund discriminant；
λ is the ratio of top heat smoke stream thickness and closed in space's height；
Z is the heat smoke stream height on closed in space top；
H is closed in space's height.
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| CN118298706B (en) * | 2024-06-06 | 2024-08-20 | 中国科学技术大学 | Fire smoke control simulation test device for ship passenger cabin and corridor |
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