CN104167118A - Simulation experiment apparatus for ship fire disaster - Google Patents
Simulation experiment apparatus for ship fire disaster Download PDFInfo
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- CN104167118A CN104167118A CN201410336054.5A CN201410336054A CN104167118A CN 104167118 A CN104167118 A CN 104167118A CN 201410336054 A CN201410336054 A CN 201410336054A CN 104167118 A CN104167118 A CN 104167118A
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Abstract
Disclosed in the invention is a simulation experiment apparatus for a ship fire disaster. The apparatus comprises an enclosed cabin, an automatic ventilation control mechanism, a fire source combustion system, a smoke monitoring system, and a data acquisition computer. The enclosed cabin is arranged horizontally; and the proportion of the length to the height of the enclosed cabin is a value less than 10:1. A piece of transparent fire-proof glass is arranged at the side of the enclosed cabin; and composite rock wool structures formed in stain steel plates are formed at the top surface and the bottom surface of the enclosed cabin. The automatic ventilation control mechanism arranged above the enclosed cabin is respectively communicated with the two ends of the enclosed cabin. The fire source combustion system is arranged inside the enclosed cabin; and the distance between the fire source combustion system and a blast pipe is in a range of 1 to 3 meters. The smoke monitoring system is arranged in the enclosed cabin. The data acquisition computer is respectively connected with the fire source combustion system and the smoke monitoring system by a multi-channel data acquisition instrument and is also connected with the automatic ventilation control mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the analogue technique of ship fire, more particularly, relate to a kind of analogue experiment installation of ship fire.
Background technology
In various ships disaster, fire is one of main harm, and the poisonous and harmful high-temperature flue gas that ship fire produces is the immediate cause causing casualties.Therefore it is necessary, exploring a kind of new method of effectively can be directly the smoke movement of ship fire being carried out to simulated experiment.The means that current research fire smoke spreads rule have experimental study and Computer Numerical Simulation, and wherein computer numerical simulation comprises field model technology, regional model technology and network model technology.As marine equipment, ship's space has sealing, space structure is complicated, each cabin is an independently space, and be a network with independent ventilation system on the whole, single fire spread model can not characterize the migration rule of ship fire and flue gas completely from part to integral body comprehensively, existing fire calculates the exist actually contradiction of simulation and current ship fire Frequent Accidents, therefore be badly in need of integrating the advantage of existing simulated experiment technology, the field model of ships fire smoke scene characteristics, coupling technique between regional model and network model, to realize the scene characteristics after being occurred to whole Ship ' fire comprehensively by part.This just need to set up field-district-net coupled simulation experiment porch of ship fire scene characteristics, the field of ship fire, district, three kinds of technological means of net are combined, coupling technique between exploitation three, to characterize the ship fire scene characteristics with Complicated Spatial Structure comprehensively.Yet the research of ship fire field-district-net coupled simulation model is fresh few, there are no the document of setting up related experiment device.
Summary of the invention
For the defect existing in prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of analogue experiment installation of ship fire.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
An analogue experiment installation for ship fire, comprising:
Closed in space, described closed in space horizontal positioned, described closed in space is rectangular structure, and the scope of its length is respectively 10～20 meters, 0.6～1.2 meter, 1.0～2.0 meters, and wherein, the length of described closed in space and high ratio are in 10:1; The side of described closed in space is transparent fireproof glass, and the end face of described closed in space, bottom surface all adopt the composite rock wool structure of being located in corrosion resistant plate;
Automatic ventilation control gear, described automatic ventilation control gear is located at the top of described closed in space, and described automatic ventilation control gear is connected with the two ends of described closed in space respectively;
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system is located in closed in space, and the distance between the blast pipe in described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system and automatic ventilation control gear is in 1～3 meter;
Flue gas monitoring system, described flue gas monitoring system is located in closed in space;
Data acquisition computer, described data acquisition computer expert crosses multi-Channels Data Acquisition and is connected with described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system and described flue gas monitoring system respectively; Described data acquisition computer is also connected with automatic ventilation control gear.
Described automatic ventilation control gear comprises blast pipe, discharge pipe, axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan and ventilated control system, the xsect of described blast pipe and discharge pipe is square, described blast pipe and discharge pipe are located at respectively the top at closed in space two ends, described blast pipe and discharge pipe are connected with closed in space by valve respectively, and described axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan is connected with the outlet of described discharge pipe; Described ventilated control system is connected with valve and axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan respectively; Described ventilated control system is also connected with data acquisition computer.
Described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system comprises combustion system, fuel system and burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system,
Described combustion system comprises that xsect is circular food tray, the diameter range of described food tray: 10～50 centimetres; In described food tray, be also provided with electrical heating wire;
Described fuel system comprises the cylindrical shell that liquid fuel is housed, and is provided with two baffle plates of placing in described cylindrical shell from top to bottom, wherein,
The horizontal level of the upper end of one baffle plate is higher than the horizontal level of the pasta of the liquid fuel in described food tray, and the top of the bottom of cylindrical shell is located in the lower end of this baffle plate; The lower end of another baffle plate is fixedly connected with the bottom of described cylindrical shell, and the pasta of the liquid fuel in its upper end and described food tray is on same surface level; Described baffle plate is divided into three oil pockets by cylindrical shell, and wherein, the bottom of the first oil pocket and the second oil pocket is communicated with, and in the 3rd oil pocket, is provided with oil pump, and described oil pump is connected with described the second oil pocket by oil transportation conduit; Oil pocket between described two baffle plates is the second oil pocket;
Described electrical heating wire and described oil pump are connected with described burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system respectively;
The below of described cylindrical shell and the below of food tray are respectively equipped with electronic balance, and described electronic balance is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
Described flue gas monitoring system comprises temperature testing organization, wind speed testing agency, flue gas concentration testing agency and pressure detection mechanism.
Described temperature testing organization comprises some groups of temperature sensors, and each is organized temperature sensor and is located in closed in space along the even interval of axis of closed in space, comprises several temperature sensors of even interval homeotropic alignment from top to bottom in described every group of temperature sensor; Each temperature sensor is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
Described pressure detection mechanism comprises several pressure transducers, described pressure transducer is located at below the center line of end face of closed in space in lower air port of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system in same surface level, and the distance of the end face of this surface level and described closed in space is in 5cm; Each pressure transducer is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
Described flue gas concentration testing agency comprises several smoke transducers, the front end of described smoke transducer stretches in closed in space by flue gas concentration thief hole that can be closed, described flue gas concentration thief hole is located on the same side of closed in space, the straight line that described flue gas concentration thief hole is linked to be is a horizontal line, and the distance of the end face of this horizon distance closed in space is in 30 centimetres; Described flue gas concentration thief hole is all located at the lower air port of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system; Described smoke transducer is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
Described wind speed testing agency is located on the xsect of closed in space, and the horizontal range of the discharge pipe in described wind speed testing agency and described automatic ventilation control gear is greater than the equivalent diameter of three times of passages; Described wind speed testing agency comprises some groups of air velocity transducers of even interval homeotropic alignment, comprises several air velocity transducers in every group of air velocity transducer, and wherein, the rectangular area that adjacent four air velocity transducers form is at 0.05m
2in; Described air velocity transducer is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
Also comprise scale, described scale level is located at the upper end of the side of closed in space.
Also comprise hydraulic up-down platform, described hydraulic up-down platform is located at respectively the below at closed in space two ends, and described hydraulic up-down platform regulates the slanted angle of closed in space and surface level, and the range of adjustment of slanted angle is ± 15 °.
Described automatic ventilation control gear regulates flue gas direction critical point to complete sedimentation by layering in air port under described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system, and described critical point meets the following conditions:
In formula: (F
r)
crfu Shi discriminant;
λ is the ratio of the hot smoke gas flow thickness in top and channel height;
Z is the hot smoke gas flow height in top;
H is channel height.
Compared with prior art, adopt the analogue experiment installation of a kind of ship fire of the present invention, simulation reconstruction ship's space fire plume, backlayering and flue gas are filled whole scene characteristics of whole passage, this unit simulation reproduces whole scene characteristics that ship's space fire plume, backlayering and flue gas are filled whole passage, and its useful technique effect may be embodied in the following aspects:
1. the stability of experimental data: in experimentation, burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion rate is constant, shows 0.1 gram of fuel quality precision, and food tray adopts resistive heater heating igniting; Burning things which may cause a fire disaster point top ceiling temperature is controlled at below 800 ℃.In experimentation, according to controlling food tray yardstick and burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion rate, control flue gas and apart from difference, first produce layering and be finally full of whole cabin passage apart from burning things which may cause a fire disaster point in experiment cabin; Temperature point precision is controlled at 0.1 ℃ of left and right; Flue gas flow rate precision is controlled at 0.01 meter per second left and right, and pressure test precision is controlled at 1 handkerchief left and right; Carbon monoxide measuring accuracy 10ppm left and right in flue gas; Due to controllability and the good stability of experiment condition and parameter, therefore the repeatability of experiment is high.
2. the extendability of experiential function: cabin phosphor bodies structure is positioned on Height Adjustable foot rest, guarantee 0～15 ° of cabin body range of tilt angles, the hull heeling condition becoming due to natural wind or accident during simulation boats and ships sail, add upper oil-pan scale size adjustable to change burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion characteristics, contribute to study different burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion characteristics and have a down dip in passage due to the comprehensive effect of throttling effect and the buoyancy effect of flue gas, and the mechanism of action that the fire-heating air pressure producing transports flue gas; Temperature and smokescope warning device are installed in extensibility ground, top, cabin, can study different fire alarm installations to the regularity of fire response and ageing; This experimental provision can, in conjunction with PIV particle imaging velocity measuring technique, be carried out experimental study to fire flow field space structure and flow characteristics.
In a word, the border coupling technique of field model, regional model and network model that the analogue experiment installation of a kind of ship fire of the present invention can ships fire, has repeatability and the extensibility of experiment
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of wind speed of the present invention testing agency;
Fig. 4 is the electric control theory figure of the burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system in Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the electric control theory figure of ventilation automatic control system of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is temperature and pressure monitoring electric control theory figure of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is principle schematic of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
Shown in Figure 7, in figure, G is wind direction, whole closed in space is divided into 8 cabins (in figure, the label in eight cabins, the first cabin to the is followed successively by 51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58) along wind direction, burning things which may cause a fire disaster is positioned at the 4th cabin, after the fuel combustion at burning things which may cause a fire disaster place starts, the process that spreads of top flue gas as shown in FIG., burning things which may cause a fire disaster near zone is divided into upper strata flue gas layer and lower floor's cold air layer, the abundant sedimentation in a certain position that flue gas layer is keeping fire away, cold air layer disappears, and flue gas is full of whole passage.
Whole ship fire has the definition of following three types:
1) field model claims again physical model, is a kind of high-level complex model of the many-sided fundamental equation of quality, momentum, energy and chemical reaction based on controlling fire process.Survey region is divided into many infinitesimal control volumes, can provides the distribution of the physical quantity that three dimensions is more detailed, but need larger calculated amount and longer computing time, be only applicable to burning things which may cause a fire disaster and near space thereof in fire.
2) regional model claims again half physical model, and space is divided into the hot smoke layer of upper part and the cold air layer of lower part, and the physical quantity in every one deck is uniformly distributed as temperature, flue gas concentration etc. is, and required computing time is shorter.But for there being complex geometric shapes, have the space of strong burning things which may cause a fire disaster or forced ventilation, its error will be very large so that lose authenticity.And for boats and ships, cabin and passage are narrow and small with respect to building, and lamination only there will be in cabin or the specific localized areas of passage, in unstable state flue gas migration process, flue gas is very easily full of whole space, and network model is more suitable in the scene characteristics of calculating fire smoke;
3) pessimistic concurrency control is a kind of model of more simplifying, and its basic thought is that each restricted clearance of research interior volume is considered as to a cell node, and the state parameter (as flue gas concentration) of establishing these cell node inside is uniformly distributed.Plume only need be used even Parametric Representation, is applicable to keep fire away and various mixing can be considered uniform passage.In fact, in the region keeping fire away, if can set up good one dimensional network model, by the overall calculation completing more accurately ship fire flue gas migration rule.
Described field-district Coupling point can artificially be selected, generally more suitable in burning things which may cause a fire disaster downwind side 1～3m position.
The generation of described district-net Coupling point will realize by the design of analogue experiment installation of the present invention just, be according to Fu Shi discriminant judgement fire smoke and cold air layering whether, and then using position that cold air layer disappears as district-net Coupling point.Fu Shi discriminant is shown below:
In formula: (F
r)
crfu Shi discriminant;
λ is the ratio of the hot smoke gas flow thickness in top and channel height;
Z is the hot smoke gas flow height in top;
H is channel height.
Along with flue gas is the spreading in process of passage, owing to being subject to the restriction of upper top and both sides, hot flue gas constantly entrainments bottom cold air, and after flue gas thickness increases, flow velocity is slack-off, and density increases, (F
r)
crit is large that number progressively becomes.As (F
r)
crduring > 1, the inertia force of flow of flue gas declines, now gravity performance Main Function, and it is smaller that the hot flue gas in top and bottom cold air relative flowed, can think that now the hot flue gas in top and bottom cold air layering be not obviously, using this border as district-net coupled simulation.
The experiment of field-district that the analogue experiment installation of ship fire of the present invention is simulated-net coupled simulation, according to above theoretical analysis and calculating, can realize district-net coupling phenomenon and be presented at the effective monitoring section of experimental provision.
Simultaneously, generation Hui Shi district-net Coupling point of automatic ventilation control gear moves to the direction keeping fire away, ship fire field-district-net coupled simulation experimental provision, by automatic ventilation control gear, in passage, produce the adjustable wind speed within the scope of 0～1.5m/s, realize the movement of district-net Coupling point in the effective monitoring section of passage, to support the ship fire field-district-net coupled simulation research under air speed influence.
Embodiment
Analogue experiment installation referring to a kind of ship fire shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the inner space that comprises closed in space 15 is rectangular structure, and its length is 10m, and width is 0.6m, be highly 1.0m, so as flue gas layer in passage fully sedimentation until be full of whole passage.Or the length of closed in space 15 is that 20m, width are 1.2m, is highly 2m, by a reduced proportional sizes simulated fire flue gas, in boats and ships passage, spread feature.Referring to Fig. 3, the side of closed in space 15 is transparent refractory 28, be convenient to observe and record the feature that spreads of fire smoke, platform end face, bottom surface are composite rock wool material 29, its thickness is 10cm, and meet CB/3518.1～3518.6-92, composite rock wool 29 outsides are that corrosion resistant plate 30 is as surfacing.
Refer to Fig. 1, closed in space 15 two ends are respectively blast pipe 81, discharge pipe 82 from right to left again, valve 2 and axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan 3.Air inlet and air outlet are square, and the length of side can be 0.3m.The valve of the valve of blast pipe 81 sides and blast pipe 82 sides and axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan 3 carry out instruction control by ventilated control system 4.The control operating mode of ventilated control system has 4:
(1) close the valve into and out of airduct simultaneously, do not start axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, fire Emergence and Development and natural extinguishing process under simulation enclosure space.Object is by described experimental provision research burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion characteristics.
(2) close the valve of blast pipe side, open the valve of exhaust duct side, do not start axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, with simulated fire flue gas, naturally spread operating mode, backlayering and the sedimentation phenomenon that can present different scale burning things which may cause a fire disaster, field-the district, the district-net Coupling point that present fire, realize field-district-net coupled simulation of fire and flue gas.
(3) when starting burning things which may cause a fire disaster system, open the valve of blast pipe side and exhaust duct side, start axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, by the rotating speed of regulating shaft streaming anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, realize flue gas by layering movement in experiment channel certain level range scale to the critical point of complete sedimentation, present wind speed on fire smoke district-net Coupling point affect phenomenon and rule, can support the ship fire field-district-net coupled simulation research under air speed influence.
(4) fire initial time is closed the valve into and out of airduct simultaneously, do not start axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, in a certain moment after fire occurs, open the valve into and out of airduct, open axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan, the impact of analog mechanical control wind on fire and flue gas simultaneously.
Refer to Fig. 1, burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system position is far from inlet side 1.5m again.The burning things which may cause a fire disaster of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system is comprised of combustion system 5 and fuel system 6, and detailed structure example is referring to Fig. 2.As shown in Figure 2, the open section of food tray 17 is circular, and food tray size can be changed adjusting, and diameter can be for 10cm be to 50cm, and the perforate of food tray bottom center is connected by oil transportation conduit 24 and fuel system.For the ease of lighting liquid fuel, food tray 17 inside arrange 18 pairs of fuel of electrical heating wire and preheat.The weight of food tray and fuel oil is transferred on balance 20 by connecting rod 19.Fuel system 6 is comprised of cylindrical shell 21, oil pump 22 and baffle plate 23.Wherein baffle plate 23 is divided into the first oil pocket, the second oil pocket and three parts of the 3rd oil pocket by the inner chamber of cylindrical shell 21, wherein between the first oil pocket and the second oil pocket, bottom is connected to form linker structure, the second oil pocket is connected by oil transportation conduit 24 with the 3rd oil pocket, the fuel feeding of realizing by the 3rd oil pocket to the second oil pocket and the first oil pocket by oil pump 22.During experiment, the fuel oil in the 3rd oil pocket is delivered in the second oil pocket by oil pump, the second oil pocket passes through the fluting of bottom to the first oil pocket fuel feeding.Because the rate of discharge of oil pump is greater than oil box all the time to the fuel delivery of food tray, therefore the first oil pocket remains constant with the pasta of the second oil pocket, and in the second oil pocket and the 3rd oil pocket pasta and food tray pasta maintenance in the same horizontal line.Meanwhile, due to the bottom UNICOM of the first oil pocket and the second oil pocket, eliminate outlet fuel oil and impact the impact that liquid level is caused, make thus the pasta in the first oil pocket stable.Food tray system and oil supply system are placed on electronic balance 20, and weighing precision can be 0.1 gram, and weighing data is transferred on data acquisition computer 8 by multi-Channels Data Acquisition 7, sees Fig. 1.Liquid fuel 25 can be liquid alkane, diesel oil or kerosene etc.Electrical heating wire 18 and oil pump 22 are realized automatically and being controlled by burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system 26.The function of burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system 26 is: (1) is interrupted the 18 liquid towards fuel heating of startup electrical heating wire, and the time interval of interruption can artificially regulate; (2) start or close oil pump.It should be noted that, the Fuel Consumption of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system is as the criterion with two weight summations that balance was gathered, the accuracy that stress is shaken and then impact is measured that this can be avoided oil transportation conduit to cause because of oil transportation.
Refer to again Fig. 1, for the monitoring of flue gas physical parameter, comprise that temperature sensor 9, pressure transducer 10, flue gas concentration thief hole 11He wind speed testing agency 12 form.Temperature sensor is as far as possible mainly with just obtaining the at length Fire Smoke Temperature regularity of distribution, in this example, temperature sensor 9 along burning things which may cause a fire disaster point place xsect from top to bottom, uniformly-spaced arrange from left to right, every group of temperature sensor is 9 from top to bottom, between two groups of group temperature sensors, is spaced apart 1m.During fire test, closed in space's inside static pressure equates in theory everywhere, but for contrast to some extent, pressure-measuring-point can be 2～3, apart from fire location different interval, arranges.In this example, pressure transducer 10 is 2, and the end face center line near closed in space on vertical direction arranges, and horizontal direction is 2m and 6m apart from the distance of burning things which may cause a fire disaster section.Flue gas concentration thief hole 11 is arranged on transparent sides material 28, and vertical direction is not more than 30cm according to end face distance, so that obtain the gas composition of upper strata flue gas layer, in horizontal direction, can uniformly-spaced arrange every 1m, so that obtain detailed flue gas concentration data.In this example, flue gas concentration thief hole 11 is set to 3, and horizontal direction is 1m, 2m and 7m apart from the distance of burning things which may cause a fire disaster place section, and to obtain near burning things which may cause a fire disaster and the flue gas composition physical parameter of the position that keeps fire away, on vertical direction, thief hole is 0.25cm apart from top board distance.Wind speed testing agency 12 is on A-A section, A-A section is near exhaust outlet side, measuring wind speed section is not less than the equivalent diameter (calculating of equivalent diameter is that the area of xsect of 4 times of closed in space is divided by the girth of xsect) of three times of passages apart from the horizontal range of exhaust outlet, to eliminate the impact of exhaust outlet local eddy currents on measuring wind speed value.In the example of Fig. 1, the xsect of closed in space is rectangle, and equivalent diameter is 1m, therefore measuring wind speed A-A section is set apart from exhaust outlet side 3.5m.The measurement data of the electronic balance 20 in the data of flue gas monitoring system and burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system is transferred to data acquisition computer 8 by multi-Channels Data Acquisition 7, and by software program, realizes record and the analysis of experimental data.Horizontal checkout section in closed in space arranges length scales 13, so that flue gas feature of observing apart from burning things which may cause a fire disaster diverse location directly perceived also can coordinate flue gas layer monitoring system effectively to monitor flue gas layer and spread rule.
Referring to Fig. 1, closed in space 15 is rectangular structure, and length direction and horizontal plane angle 14 adjustable extents are ± 15 °, is used for simulating ship fire flue gas and spreads rule in inclination closed in space.The adjusting of angle 14 can realize by hydraulic up-down platform 16.
Referring to Fig. 3, wind speed testing agency 12 is arranged on A-A section.27 is air velocity transducer, and definite principle of the quantity of sectional wind velocity measuring point is: the minimum rectangle area that 4 air velocity transducers of take are formation is not more than 0.05m
2, in this example, cross-sectional area is 1m
2, air velocity transducer quantity is set to 25.
The electric control method of burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system 26 is referring to Fig. 4, and oil pump 22 and heating wire 18 are controlled by switch CJ1 and CJ2 respectively, and XD0 is power supply indication, and XD1 and XD2 are the work indication of oil pump and heating wire.Burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system can take constant fuel system that fuel is provided, and studies fire smoke feature under constant combustion rate, also can adopt fueling mode one time, studies generation, development and the extinguishing process of a certain amount of fuel fire.
The electrical control 31 of ventilation automatic control system 4 is referring to Fig. 5, and XD3 and XD4 are power supply indication and control indication, and the valve of blast pipe side is controlled and opened and closed by K switch 2, and XD5 is the valve opening indication of blast pipe side.The valve of discharge pipe side is controlled and is opened and closed by K switch 3, and XD6 is that discharge pipe side valve is opened indication.
Referring to Fig. 6, be temperature and pressure monitoring electrical control 32, multi-channel data acquisition comprises ZR-RX45 and extender one ZR-RXT1 and extender two ZR-RXT1.In Fig. 6 example shown, temperature sensor has T1 to T48, and pressure transducer is YL1, YL2 and YL3.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, above embodiment is only for object of the present invention is described, and not as limitation of the invention, such as automatic ventilation control gear, burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system, temperature testing organization, wind speed testing agency, flue gas concentration testing agency and pressure detection mechanism etc. all can also adopt other the structure that can reach the object of the invention, as long as in essential scope of the present invention, the variation of the above embodiment, modification all will be dropped in the scope of claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an analogue experiment installation for ship fire, is characterized in that, comprising:
Closed in space, described closed in space horizontal positioned, described closed in space is rectangular structure, and the scope of its length is respectively 10～20 meters, 0.6～1.2 meter, 1.0～2.0 meters, and wherein, the length of described closed in space and high ratio are in 10:1; The side of described closed in space is transparent fireproof glass, and the end face of described closed in space, bottom surface all adopt the composite rock wool structure of being located in corrosion resistant plate;
Automatic ventilation control gear, described automatic ventilation control gear is located at the top of described closed in space, and described automatic ventilation control gear is connected with the two ends of described closed in space respectively;
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system is located in closed in space, and the distance between the blast pipe in described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system and automatic ventilation control gear is in 1～3 meter;
Flue gas monitoring system, described flue gas monitoring system is located in closed in space;
Data acquisition computer, described data acquisition computer expert crosses multi-Channels Data Acquisition and is connected with described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system and described flue gas monitoring system respectively; Described data acquisition computer is also connected with automatic ventilation control gear.
2. analogue experiment installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described automatic ventilation control gear comprises blast pipe, discharge pipe, axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan and ventilated control system, the xsect of described blast pipe and discharge pipe is square, described blast pipe and discharge pipe are located at respectively the top at closed in space two ends, described blast pipe and discharge pipe are connected with closed in space by valve respectively, and described axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan is connected with the outlet of described discharge pipe; Described ventilated control system is connected with valve and axial-flow type anti-explosion exhaust fume blower fan respectively; Described ventilated control system is also connected with data acquisition computer.
3. analogue experiment installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system comprises combustion system, fuel system and burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system,
Described combustion system comprises that xsect is circular food tray, the diameter range of described food tray: 10～50 centimetres; In described food tray, be also provided with electrical heating wire;
Described fuel system comprises the cylindrical shell that liquid fuel is housed, and is provided with two baffle plates of placing in described cylindrical shell from top to bottom, wherein,
The horizontal level of the upper end of one baffle plate is higher than the horizontal level of the pasta of the liquid fuel in described food tray, and the top of the bottom of cylindrical shell is located in the lower end of this baffle plate;
The lower end of another baffle plate is fixedly connected with the bottom of described cylindrical shell, and the pasta of the liquid fuel in its upper end and described food tray is on same surface level;
Described baffle plate is divided into three oil pockets by cylindrical shell, and wherein, the bottom of the first oil pocket and the second oil pocket is communicated with, and in the 3rd oil pocket, is provided with oil pump, and described oil pump is connected with described the second oil pocket by oil transportation conduit; Oil pocket between described two baffle plates is the second oil pocket;
Described electrical heating wire and described oil pump are connected with described burning things which may cause a fire disaster control system respectively;
The below of described cylindrical shell and the below of food tray are respectively equipped with electronic balance, and described electronic balance is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
4. analogue experiment installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described flue gas monitoring system comprises temperature testing organization, wind speed testing agency, flue gas concentration testing agency and pressure detection mechanism.
5. analogue experiment installation according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
Described temperature testing organization comprises some groups of temperature sensors, and each is organized temperature sensor and is located in closed in space along the even interval of axis of closed in space, comprises several temperature sensors of even interval homeotropic alignment from top to bottom in described every group of temperature sensor; Each temperature sensor is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
6. analogue experiment installation according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
Described pressure detection mechanism comprises several pressure transducers, described pressure transducer is located at below the center line of end face of closed in space in lower air port of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system in same surface level, and the distance of the end face of this surface level and described closed in space is in 5cm; Each pressure transducer is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
7. analogue experiment installation according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
Described flue gas concentration testing agency comprises several smoke transducers, the front end of described smoke transducer stretches in closed in space by flue gas concentration thief hole that can be closed, described flue gas concentration thief hole is located on the same side of closed in space, the straight line that described flue gas concentration thief hole is linked to be is a horizontal line, and the distance of the end face of this horizon distance closed in space is in 30 centimetres; Described flue gas concentration thief hole is all located at the lower air port of burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system; Described smoke transducer is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
8. analogue experiment installation according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
Described wind speed testing agency is located on the xsect of closed in space, and the horizontal range of the discharge pipe in described wind speed testing agency and described automatic ventilation control gear is greater than the equivalent diameter of three times of passages; Described wind speed testing agency comprises some groups of air velocity transducers of even interval homeotropic alignment, comprises several air velocity transducers in every group of air velocity transducer, and wherein, the rectangular area that adjacent four air velocity transducers form is at 0.05m
2in; Described air velocity transducer is connected with data acquisition computer by multi-Channels Data Acquisition respectively.
9. analogue experiment installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Also comprise hydraulic up-down platform, described hydraulic up-down platform is located at respectively the below at closed in space two ends, and described hydraulic up-down platform regulates the slanted angle of closed in space and surface level, and the range of adjustment of slanted angle is ± 15 °.
10. analogue experiment installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described automatic ventilation control gear regulates flue gas direction critical point to complete sedimentation by layering in air port under described burning things which may cause a fire disaster combustion system, and described critical point meets the following conditions:
In formula: (F
r)
crfu Shi discriminant;
λ is the ratio of the hot smoke gas flow thickness in top and closed in space's height;
Z is the hot smoke gas flow height on closed in space top;
H is closed in space's height.
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