CN104164386A - Method of medium-temperature enrichment culturing and low-temperature application of low-temperature resistant nitrobacterium flora - Google Patents
Method of medium-temperature enrichment culturing and low-temperature application of low-temperature resistant nitrobacterium flora Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of medium-temperature enrichment culturing and low-temperature application of a low-temperature resistant nitrobacterium flora. The method adopts active sludge with nitration capability in an aeration tank as an inoculation nitrobacterium flora. According to the method, the concentration of the active sludge is adjusted to 1.5-3 g/L; specific culturing temperature is determined at 15-25 DEG C (a middle temperature) according to the inoculation source; after aerobiotic culturing in a nitration culture medium for 6-8 days, the nitrobacterium flora can be directly used for ammonia-nitrogen wastewater treatment at 5-12 DEG C (a low temperature); or the nitrobacterium flora is used for ammonia-nitrogen wastewater treatment at 5-12 DEG C after being cultured continuously for 6-8 days at 5-12 DEG C by utilization of a nitration culture medium. The nitrobacterium flora capable of resisting a low temperature of 5-12 DEG C and having a high ammonia-nitrogen degradation rate can be obtained in 6-16 days by the method. The method overcomes the problems of present low-temperature nitrobacterium agents, namely tedious preparation steps, long low-temperature acclimation time, and difficulty in maintaining the dominant bacteria status for a long period at a low temperature. The method is advantaged by short enrichment time, stable performance, good and stable running effects, simple and convenient process operation, easily available flora sources, and the like, and is convenient for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to polluted by nitrogen and administer technical field, be specifically related to the method for warm enrichment culture in a kind of low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community and lower temperature application thereof.
Background technology
According to " China Environmental State Bulletin in 2012 ", China's total amount of sewage discharge reaches 684.6 hundred million tons, and ammonia nitrogen quantity discharged reaches 253.6 ten thousand tons, this serious harm China environment and people ' s health life.Tradition autotrophy aerobic nitrification is the most extensive and cost-effective ammonia nitrogen administration way (Metcalf, I.N.C., Eddy, H., the 2003.Wastewater engineering that current sewage disposal adopts; Treatment and reuse fourth ed.McGraw-Hill.New York).But, Autotrophic nitrification bacteria growing speed is slow, the shortcomings such as numerous envrionment conditions sensitivities are caused to the very easily limited (Delatolla of rate of nitrification, R.Nitrifying biofilms at cold temperatures:Kinetics and in-situ characterization (Doctor thesis), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2009).
Wherein, temperature is the main influence factor of nitrification.In the time that temperature is less than 15 DEG C, nitrated speed obviously declines; During lower than 5 DEG C the vital movement of nitrobacteria almost stop (Eric Williamson.Cold Climate Performance Analysis of On-Site Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems[J] .Water Environment Research; 2010,82:512).Our research finds, is down to 20 DEG C from 25 DEG C when temperature, and ammonia nitrogen degradation amount and the aerobic respiratory capacity of active sludge have reduced respectively 27.79% and 11.63%; In the time that temperature is reduced to 10 DEG C from 20 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen degradation amount and aerobic respiratory capacity reduced respectively 58.19% and 40.98% (He Leyun. nitrifier Antioxidant Enzyme Systems response mechanism research [D] under low-temperature impact. Southwest Jiaotong University, 2013.).And northern China winter climate cold, temperature generally below 0 DEG C, 5 DEG C of left and right of average water temperature.Therefore, a lot of Wastewater Treatment Plant in Frigid Areas in the winter time time nitrification be subject to very big impact, ammonia nitrogen processing power and activated sludge settling property decline, and directly affect effluent quality.
For low temperature ammonia nitrogen governing problem, existing from the nitrated patent of the low temperature of different aspect, shown in table specific as follows both at home and abroad.
Therefore, present stage waste water low temperature ammonia nitrogen process field patent mainly from technique, reactor, device to microbial inoculum, exploitation solves the problem that low temperature, effect declines, wherein the improvement of technique, reactor, device all faces the problem that cost is high, the exploitation of the nitrated microbial inoculum of low temperature is to tackle the problem at its root, cost is relatively low, but totally there is following shortcoming, hinder the practical engineering application of nitrated microbial inoculum.
(1) the common preparation method of nitrated microbial inoculum is traditional method: first obtain pure bacterium by enrichment, separation and purification, screening and coordinate again cultivation and expanding production, complex steps (Beijing Sander Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd. nitrifying bacterial agent and preparation method thereof: Chinese invention patent .CN101792715A[P] .2010-08-04; Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica. nitrated microbial inoculum of a kind of low temperature and uses thereof: Chinese invention patent .CN1509991A[P] .2004-07-07; Yashen Environmental Protection Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Henan. a kind of production method of efficient microbe bacteria combing agent: Chinese invention patent .CN101029298A[P] .2007-09-05; Liaoning Beifang Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.. the screening method of a low temperature resisting nitrifying bacteria: Chinese invention patent .CN102286390A[P] .2011-12-21).
(2) acclimation method of the nitrated microbial inoculum of low temperature normally directly adopts low temperature or adopts the method slowly reducing, and required time is longer.Microbial inoculum as nitrated in the low temperature of He Junguo domestication by low temperature stage required time at least 60 days (Harbin Institute of Technology. the preparation method of a kind of immobilization cold resistant nitrobacteria: Chinese invention patent .CN102070251A[P] .2011-05-25); Domestication time of the low temperature resistant nitrifier of Zhao Jun need 17～34 days (Liaoning Beifang Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.. the screening method of a low temperature resisting nitrifying bacteria: Chinese invention patent .CN102286390A[P] .2011-12-21).
(3) method of employing high temperature acclimation, needs higher heat consumption.As Wang Shuying in a kind of apparatus and method of strengthening low-temperature biological nitrification effect, adopt the nitrification liquid culture temperature of device reach 30 DEG C (Beijing University of Technology. a kind of apparatus and method of strengthening low-temperature biological nitrification effect: Chinese invention patent .CN103382051A[P] .2013-11-0).
To sum up, the nitrated microbial inoculum of existing low temperature loaded down with trivial details step and taming the time in preparation process, has caused microbial inoculum from obtaining, produce higher time cost and the Financial cost of application needs in longer early stage.Therefore, research simply, nitrated microbial inoculum obtains with cultural method significant in ammonia nitrogen in waste water improvement and even China environmental protection cause fast.
Summary of the invention
Traditional Autotrophic nitrification of Microbial Communities in Activated Sludge comprises two stages: under aerobic autotrophic condition, ammonia nitrogen is by AOB (ammonia oxidation bacteria, Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria) be oxidized to nitrite nitrogen, be oxidized to nitre nitrogen by NOB (NOB, Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria) again.But, in above-mentioned active sludge except above-mentioned nitrifier (nitrifier described in the present invention comprises AOB and NOB), also contain a large amount of heterotrophic bacteriums, ammonifying bacteria, the microorganism (Delatolla such as denitrifying bacteria, R.Nitrifying biofilms at cold temperatures:Kinetics and in-situ characterization[D], McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2009).In nitrifier, comprise again middle temperature nitrifier, low temperature resistant nitrifier and have a liking for low temperature nitrifier etc.To there is at low temperatures good nitrification effect, and return under middle temperature and still keep good result after low temperature is cultivated, just must make low temperature-resistant strains become dominant microflora by enrichment culture.
Have in the active sludge of nitrification and only contain the low temperature resistant nitrifier of part, the present invention according to Autotrophic nitrification bacterium under middle temperature growth velocity higher than growth velocity under low temperature, the active sludge with nitrification ability is placed under autotrophy and 15～25 DEG C of medium temperature conditions, adopt nitrated substratum to carry out enrichment culture, can remove the miscellaneous bacterias such as a large amount of heterotrophic bacteriums by this operation, suppress to have a liking for the growth of low temperature nitrifier, warm nitrifier and low temperature resistant nitrifier in Sync enrichment.After middle temperature enrichment culture after a while, proceed to and under 5～12 DEG C of low temperature, carry out actual ammonia nitrogen waste water processing, the miscellaneous bacterias such as heterotrophic bacterium can be further removed in this operation, the growth of warm nitrifier in inhibition, but low temperature resistant nitrifier can continue to keep certain growth speed and start to adapt to low temperature environment, bring into play good autotrophy ammonia nitrogen degradation effect.In the nitrifying bacteria community obtaining through above-mentioned two operations, low temperature resistant nitrifier quantity increases and becomes dominant bacteria with active, shows good ammonia nitrogen degradation effect.
The object of the invention is to, for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of method of warm enrichment culture and lower temperature application in low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community, key is: the fast enriching of (1) nitrifier is cultivated; (2) low temperature resistant nitrifier fast breeding and vigor increase; (3) coordination of warm culture temperature and lower temperature application temperature in.For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
(1) warm enrichment culture in
Get the active sludge in aeration tank with nitrification ability, measure sludge concentration, adopt nitrated substratum dilution or direct concentrated method, adjustment sludge concentration is 1.5～3g/L, according to the form below, according to the original growing environment temperature of inoculation nitrifying sludge, warm enrichment culture temperature in determining, under middle temperature, sequence batch (aeration is cultivated 6～8 days, taking 6～8 hours as a cycle, and aeration 5～7 hours, more than dissolved oxygen is controlled at 2mg/L, aeration finishes to leave standstill 30 minutes, strains water 50～70%, changes nitrated substratum and continues to cultivate.
Note: when the original growing environment temperature range of inoculation nitrifying sludge covers a upper table two adjacent T
0in scope, be as the criterion with the temperature that more approaches 20 DEG C in actual temperature scope.As when inoculating the original growing environment temperature range of nitrifying sludge and being 9～12 DEG C, get " 11～15 DEG C " standard, T
mbe defined as 19 DEG C; As when inoculating the original growing environment temperature of nitrifying sludge and being 28～32 DEG C, get " 26～30 DEG C " standard, T
mbe defined as 21 DEG C.
According to inoculation nitrifying sludge original growing environment temperature, its scope is divided into 5～25 DEG C and 26～35 DEG C, wherein to finish aftertreatment as follows for warm enrichment culture:
1. in the time that the original growing environment temperature of inoculation nitrifying sludge is 5～25 DEG C, in mud, original low temperature resistant nitrifier content is relatively many.The low temperature resistant Autotrophic nitrification bacterium of warm enrichment culture in process, can make its bacterium status of keeping on top at low temperatures.Cultivate and finish, directly drop into the processing of carrying out ammonia nitrogen waste water under 5～12 DEG C of low temperature.
2. in the time that the original growing environment temperature of inoculation nitrifying sludge is 26～35 DEG C, in mud, original low temperature resistant nitrifier content is relatively less.Reduce temperature according to upper table, carry out middle temperature enrichment culture, low temperature resistant nitrifier and original suitable at high temperature growth nitrifier all obtain enrichment, low temperature resistant nitrifier all nitrated bacterial classification dominant bacterias status a little less than, need according to be about to drop into low temperature environment temperature (T
l), the nitrifying bacteria community after middle temperature enrichment culture is finished drops into
at temperature, adopt after nitrated culture medium culturing 6～8d, drop at 5～12 DEG C of temperature and carry out ammonia nitrogen waste water processing.Through this operation, middle temperature nitrobacteria growth slows down, and low temperature resistant nitrifier is able to continued growth, is strengthened in nitrated bacterial classification superiority.
Described nitrated medium component is: (NH
4)
2sO
4: 0.3～0.5g/L or NH
4cl:0.24～0.41g/L; NaHCO
3: 0.5～1.2g/L or Na
2cO
3: 0.6～1.3g/L; KH
2pO
4: 0.07～0.12g/L; Na
2hPO
412H
2o:0.07～0.12g/L; MgSO
47H
2o:0.07～0.12g/L; Trace element: 4～6ml/L.Wherein, trace element formula: 0.3～0.6g/L EDTA, 0.01～0.02g/L ZnSO
47H
2o, 0.02～0.4g/L CaCl
2, 0.045～0.053g/L MnCl
24H
2o, 0.01-0.1g/L FeSO
47H
2o, 0.01～0.02g/L (NH
4)
2mo
7o
244H
2o, 0.013～0.015g/L CuSO
45H
2o, 0.016g/L CoCl
26H
2o, NiCl:0.01～0.05g/L, pH6.0.
(2) lower temperature application
The nitrifying bacteria community sludge concentration that menstruation regulating is crossed after above-mentioned middle temperature enrichment culture is 1.5～3g/L, drops into ammonia nitrogen waste water processing under 5～12 DEG C of low temperature.
In the technical scheme that present method adopts, nitrifying bacteria community seed sludge can derive from difference and have the active sludge of nitrification.Active sludge source temperature range is 5～35 DEG C.The required time of preparing of low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community is 6～16 days.More than lower temperature application stage dissolved oxygen is controlled at 2mg/L, initial ammonia nitrogen 30～300mg/L, pH7～8.5.
The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) inoculation nitrifying sludge is drawn materials convenient wide with temperature range.As long as there is middle temperature enrichment and lower temperature application that the nitrifying sludge of certain Autotrophic nitrification ability can be used for the low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community of the present invention; The original growing environment temperature range of inoculation nitrifying sludge is 5～35 DEG C.
(2) step is few, and the time is short.Nitrifying bacteria community preparation method is 1～2 step only, and required time is short, only needs 6～16 days.
(3) operation is open, and condition is easily controlled.Microbial inoculum is flora, and operation is without gnotobasis, comparatively open; Culture temperature is temperature in 15～25 DEG C, is all to control than being easier under low temperature and medium temperature condition in envrionment temperature.
(4) lower temperature application temperature range is wide.The nitrifying bacteria community obtaining can resistance to 5～12 DEG C of low temperature environments.
Therefore, the present invention according to Autotrophic nitrification bacterium under middle temperature growth velocity far above growth velocity under low temperature, AOB is shorter than NOB generation time generation time, temperature decrease affects the principle of gradually falling far above temperature on nitrification, developed the method for warm enrichment culture in low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community and lower temperature application thereof.It has the advantages such as enrichment time is short, stable performance, operating performance is good and stable, technological operation is easy, flora source is easy, easy to utilize.Be applicable to the low-temperature biological strengthening of traditional Autotrophic nitrification reactor and the middle gentle subzero treatment of ammonia nitrogen waste water, and the quick startup under low temperature etc. in the winter time of newly-built sewage treatment facility, the fast quick-recovery after also can be used for biological wastewater treatment and being hit.
Brief description of the drawings
In the low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community of Fig. 1, under warm enrichment culture and low temperature, process synthetic wastewater
The low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community degraded of Fig. 2 Ammonia Nitrogen in Municipal Wastewater
The low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment of Fig. 3 ammonia nitrogen
Ammonia nitrogen in the liquid of the low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community degraded of Fig. 4 natural pond
Embodiment
Specific embodiment one: warm enrichment culture and processing low temperature synthetic wastewater thereof in nitrifying bacteria community
In the present embodiment, get the active sludge in aeration tank, municipal sewage plant in summer with nitrification, 23～26 DEG C of aeration tank temperature, tune sludge concentration is 2g/L, is placed in respectively in 2L graduated cylinder, controls dissolved oxygen in 2mg/L left and right, change water taking 6 hours as the cycle, according to the form below arranges different culture temperature and application of temperature, adopts nitrated substratum to cultivate, and wherein incubation time is 6 days.
Cultivate with lower temperature application process at 3 hours every day ammonia nitrogen degradation effect see accompanying drawing 1.Adopt the nitrifying bacteria community (1# and 2#) of the inventive method cultivation after cultivation stage finishes, ammonia nitrogen degradation effect when ammonia nitrogen degradation effect is original 20 DEG C, and at prolonged application later stage, effect stability stage; And fetch the nitrifying sludge of fetching under the same terms without middle temperature enrichment culture, and directly inserting 10 DEG C of cultivations finishes rear (3#), and within 6 hours, ammonia nitrogen degradation amount is compared with the low 19.24mg/L of the 1# same period.3# always at 10 DEG C domestication cultivate, ammonia nitrogen degradation effect also can rise gradually, but that the time of 3 times of left and right that it need to about 1# incubation time just can make degradation effect rise to is suitable with 1# and 2#.
Specific embodiment two: warm enrichment culture and processing low-temperature sewage thereof in nitrifying bacteria community
In the present embodiment, get the active sludge (in reactor, water temperature is 9～12 DEG C) that there is nitrification ability in Small Town Wastewater treatment plant sbr reactor device winter, tune sludge concentration is 2g/L, controlling temperature is 19 DEG C, be placed in 5L laboratory simulation sbr reactor device, change nitrated substratum taking 6 hours as the cycle, aeration is cultivated 6 days.
After the above-mentioned sbr reactor device that fills nitrifying bacteria community is left standstill to 30 minutes, strain water 60%, add sanitary sewage to mix, now initial ammonia nitrogen is 34.07mg/L, pH7.05.Controlling temperature is 10 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen is 2～4mg/L, and nitrification effect refers to accompanying drawing 2.This nitrifying bacteria community can be by degradable 34.07mg/L ammonia nitrogen through 4 hours at 10 DEG C, and its degradation rate is 12.38mg/L, and nitrite nitrogen accumulation is lower, reaches maximum value 2.06mg/L at 2 hours.Said temperature is further reduced to 5 DEG C, adopts the same terms to process identical waste water, ammonia nitrogen degradation speed is 9.57mg/Lh.
Specific embodiment three: the effect of warm enrichment culture and processing low temperature pharmacy waste water thereof in nitrifying bacteria community
In the present embodiment, get in oil refinery effluent treatment facility in autumn active sludge in end ammonia nitrogen degradation aeration tank, in aeration tank, water temperature is 27～31 DEG C.Tune sludge concentration is 2g/L, and controlling temperature is 20 DEG C, is placed in 5L laboratory simulation sbr reactor device, changes nitrated substratum, aeration 6 days taking 6 hours as the cycle.After aeration finishes, controlling culture temperature is 14 DEG C, adopts same medium and culture condition to continue aeration 6 days.
After the above-mentioned sbr reactor device that fills nitrifying bacteria community is left standstill to 30 minutes, strain water 70%, add pharmacy waste water to mix, now initial ammonia nitrogen is 38.88mg/L, pH8.15.Controlling temperature is 10 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen is 2～4mg/L, and nitrification effect refers to accompanying drawing 3.This nitrifying bacteria community can be by degradable 38.88mg/L ammonia nitrogen through 3.5 hours at 10 DEG C, and its degradation rate is 10.64mg/L, and nitrite nitrogen accumulation is lower, reaches maximum value 1.51mg/L in the time of 3.5 hours.Said temperature is further reduced to 5 DEG C, adopts the same terms to process identical waste water, ammonia nitrogen degradation speed is 9.26mg/Lh.
Specific embodiment four: the effect of warm enrichment culture and processing low temperature natural pond liquid thereof in nitrifying bacteria community
In the present embodiment, get the active sludge in plant's waste water of livestock poultry treatment facility end in spring aeration tank with nitrification effect, in aeration tank, temperature is 14～17 DEG C.Tune sludge concentration is 2g/L, and controlling temperature is 17 DEG C, is placed in 20L stainless steel fermentor tank, changes nitrated substratum, aeration 6 days taking 6 hours as the cycle.
After the above-mentioned fermentor tank that fills nitrifying bacteria community is left standstill to 30 minutes, strain water 70%, add natural pond liquid to mix, now initial ammonia nitrogen is 90.71mg/L, pH8.19.Controlling temperature is 10 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen is 2～4mg/L, and nitrification effect refers to accompanying drawing 4.This nitrifying bacteria community can be by degradable 90.71mg/L ammonia nitrogen through 7 hours at 10 DEG C, and its degradation rate is 11.43mg/L, and nitrite nitrogen reaches maximum value 5.77mg/L while being accumulated in 4 hours.Said temperature is further reduced to 5 DEG C, adopts the same terms to process identical waste water, ammonia nitrogen degradation speed is 10.19mg/Lh.
Claims (6)
1. a method for warm enrichment culture and lower temperature application in low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community, is characterized in that, described low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community is that the active sludge in biological sewage treatment aeration tank with nitrification ability gets by middle temperature enrichment culture.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that middle temperature enrichment culture temperature is 15～25 DEG C, be specially according to envrionment temperature of living in (5～35 DEG C) before the inoculation of inoculation nitrifying bacteria community, carry out temperature floating or downward, and temperature floating downward scope is no more than 10 DEG C, makes enrichment culture temperature between 15～25 DEG C.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that sequence batch (enrichment culture, in the time that the original growing environment temperature of inoculation nitrifying sludge is 5～25 DEG C, detailed process is that aeration 5～7 hours, more than dissolved oxygen is controlled at 2mg/L taking 6～8 hours as a cycle, aeration finishes rear leaving standstill and strains water 50～70% after 30 minutes, change nitrated culture medium culturing, order is criticized and is cultivated 6～8 days continuously, and gained culture can be used for the processing of low temperature ammonia nitrogen waste water; In the time that the original growing environment temperature of inoculation nitrifying sludge is 26～35 DEG C, after detailed process is above-mentioned middle temperature enrichment culture, temperature is reduced to the medium temperature by lower temperature application temperature and middle temperature enrichment culture temperature, adopt same medium and culture condition identical except temperature, order is criticized and is cultivated 6～8 days continuously, and gained culture can be used for the processing of low temperature ammonia nitrogen waste water.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that lower temperature application mode is, directly 5～12 DEG C of low temperature ammonia nitrogen waste waters of input processing after finishing to cultivate in claim 3.
5. method according to claim 1, middle temperature is cultivated institute while obtaining nitrifying bacteria community lower temperature application, and more than dissolved oxygen is controlled at 2mg/L, initial ammonia control is at 30～300mg/L, pH7～8.5.
6. method according to claim 1, the medium component in described low temperature resistant nitrifying bacteria community when warm enrichment culture is: (NH
4)
2sO
4: 0.3～0.5g/L or NH
4cl:0.24～0.41g/L; NaHCO
3: 0.5～1.2g/L or Na
2cO
3: 0.6～1.3g/L; KH
2pO
4: 0.07～0.12g/L; Na
2hPO
412H
2o:0.07～0.12g/L; MgSO
47H
2o:0.07～0.12g/L; Trace element: 4～6ml/L.Wherein, trace element formula: 0.3～0.6g/L EDTA, 0.01～0.02g/L ZnSO
47H
2o, 0.02～0.4g/L CaCl
2, 0.045～0.053g/L MnCl
24H
2o, 0.01-0.1g/L FeSO
47H
2o, 0.01～0.02g/L (NH
4)
2mo
7o
244H
2o, 0.013～0.015g/L CuSO
45H
2o, 0.016g/L CoCl
26H
2o, NiCl:0.01～0.05g/L, pH6.0.
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