CN104160931A - Quick induction and identification method for reddish brown iron films on plant root surfaces - Google Patents
Quick induction and identification method for reddish brown iron films on plant root surfaces Download PDFInfo
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- CN104160931A CN104160931A CN201410320722.5A CN201410320722A CN104160931A CN 104160931 A CN104160931 A CN 104160931A CN 201410320722 A CN201410320722 A CN 201410320722A CN 104160931 A CN104160931 A CN 104160931A
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- iron film
- rufous
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- rufous iron
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation and particularly discloses a quick induction and identification method for reddish brown iron films on plant root surfaces. The method comprises the steps that according to the characteristics of different growth media, a specific method is selected to adjust the phosphorus-to-iron ratio of the growth media, so that the iron films are induced to form on the plant root surfaces quickly. The method overcomes the defects that in the prior art, time for inducing the iron films is long, and the induced iron films are small in content; the method plays a very important role in repairing aquatic plants in agricultural production or preventing pollution by heavy metal and organic pesticide and ensuring food safety. The invention further creatively provides the quick identification method for the reddish brown iron films on the plant root surfaces. The method is ingenious in thought and easy to implement and has great significance in discussion about the iron films on the root surfaces and research of the iron films on plant self-protection or environmental safety and other aspects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant cultivation field, more specifically, relate to rapid induction and the authentication method of plant roots table rufous iron film.
Background technology
Root table iron film is the important mechanisms that water plants conforms and coerces.Many water plants can form iron film, as paddy rice (
oryza satival.), sedge (
carex tristachyal.), cattail (
typha latifolial.), reed (
phragmites australisl.), water caltrop (
potamogeton crispusl.) etc.Water plants rhizome aerenchyma is flourishing especially, atmospheric oxygen can be transported to root system by blade, then by root system, this part oxygen and other oxidizing substance is discharged into rhizospheric environment, thereby makes the reducing substanceses of a large amount of existence in flooded soils (as Fe
2+, Mn
2+, organic etc.) oxidation is [as 4Fe
2++ O
2+ 10H
2o=4Fe (OH)
3+ 8H
+], cause iron and manganese oxides in root table deposition, form iron film.
Root table iron film is mainly formed by ferriferous oxide glued membrane, this glued membrane is a kind of ampholytoid, can pass through chemical behavior and the biological effectivenesses of function influence multiple element in soil such as absorption, oxidation-reduction and co-precipitation, thereby reduce the absorption of root system to murder by poisoning ion, maintain normal growth.Therefore, water plants is widely used in processing mineral reserve pollution in nature and artificial swamp, sewage etc.These plants can be indicated contaminated environment fast, can absorb pollutant by phytoremdiation again, environment purification.
But, under natural conditions, the formation of root table iron film is subject to the restriction of the environmental conditions such as low oxygen concentration, low pH and suboxides reduction potential, iron film forms the induction that needs the long period, and the pollution of heavy metal in environment, organic agricultural chemicals etc. does not exist all the time, in a lot of situations, the root system of water plants is not also completed into iron film and is just forced or is poisoned, and is unfavorable for the growth of water plants.Application number is that 201310587643.6 Chinese patent discloses a kind of method that wetland plant water planting root system root table covers iron film, utilizes anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification liquid and additional Fe
2+artificial induction's root table forms iron film, thereby improves the clearance of phosphor in sewage.But in fact, anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification liquid condition is harsh, and preparation is complicated, is difficult to be applied to land for growing field crops and production.Therefore, develop a kind of applicable wide and can the film formed method of rapid induction root table iron have very important significance.
Phosphate starvation can induce root table rufous iron film to become objective fact, meanwhile, applicant studies discovery, normal phosphorus, nitrogen stress, potassium deficiency are processed root table and all without rufous iron film, are formed, there is and only have scarce phosphorus can induce the formation of root table rufous iron film, through carefully deep research, the low-phosphorous root table rufous iron film of also inducing forms, and the formation of iron film with root table ferrophosphorus than relevant.Illustrate that ferrophosphorus ratio is to affect the film formed key factor of root table rufous iron.Rice Cropping is usually accompanied by the process that waterflooding and dry field replace (alternation of wetting and drying) in producing.Quantity research shows greatly, and waterflooding can promote the release of phosphorus, and ferrous and total iron amount just in time in contrast.Therefore, During Flooding And Draining Alternating Process can strengthen rice root vigor, changes the effectively release of ferrophosphorus in soil, has reduced to a certain extent ferrophosphorus ratio, thereby has been conducive to the formation of root table rufous iron film.Yet, ferrophosphorus ratio is formed and was not reported with alternation of wetting and drying energy rapid induction root table rufous iron film.
Study and show before, root table iron film is comprised of crystalline state and unformed shape ferriferous oxide or hydroxide etc., as maghemite (Maghemite, r-Fe
2o
3), lepidocrocite (Lepidocrocite, r-FeOOH), bloodstone (Hematite, a-Fe
2o
3) and goethite (Goethite, a-FeOOH) etc.In addition, also contain a large amount of metal ions, as arsenic, mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, cadmium, lead, zinc etc., these metal ions and ferriferous oxide or hydroxide co-precipitation, form the part of iron film jointly.These researchs are that all iron of root table is referred to as to iron film, to the mensuration of root table iron film, are also that the general DCB leach extraction method that utilizes is measured the full iron amount of root table precipitation.Applicant studies discovery, and root table iron film has dividing of rufous pad pasting and non-rufous iron film.Therefore, the evaluation of root table rufous iron film is also had very important significance.
In prior art, the mensuration of rufous iron film is used to DCB digestion agent more, to the mensuration of root table iron film, it is also the full iron amount that general mensuration root table precipitates, and original DCB digestion agent method lixiviate intensity is too large, can destroy root cell tissue, can by the iron lixiviate in root out, cause measurement result higher.Because applicant is creationary, iron film is divided into rufous iron film and non-rufous iron film, and applicant has carried out appropriate improvement to DCB digestion agent, for the evaluation of rufous iron film, had very important significance.
Preferably, described in S1, the concentration of sodium pyrophosphate is 0.1～0.4 mol/L; Described with sodium pyrophosphate, to remove Gen Biaofei rufous iron film be that clean root system is soaked in sodium pyrophosphate solution at 25 ℃, and the 30～60min that vibrates on the shaking table of 200r/min, abandons clear liquid.
Preferably, the processing procedure of DCB digestion agent is that root system of plant is dipped in DCB digestion agent described in S2, and in 25 ℃, 60～90min vibrates on the shaking table of 200r/min.
Preferably, described in S2, DCB digestion agent is 0.03 molL
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o, 0.1 molL
-1naHCO
3and Na
2s
2o
4; More preferably, described DCB digestion agent is 0.03 molL
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o 40mL, 0.1 molL
-1naHCO
35mL and Na
2s
2o
41g.
The mensuration of above-mentioned plant roots table iron film content adopts this area conventional method.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
The invention provides a kind of rapid induction method of plant roots table rufous iron film, no matter utilize the formation that nutrient solution or soil cultivation can rapid induction plant roots table iron film, overcome and in prior art, induced iron film time length, the little defect of induction iron film content, heavy metal, organic agricultural chemicals pollution are repaired or intercepted to water plants in agricultural production, ensure food safety and there is very important effect.
The invention plant roots table iron film is divided into rufous iron film and non-rufous iron film, widened the deep understanding to root table iron film form, quantity, artificial swamp or heavy metal, organic agricultural chemicals contaminated soil are carried out to artificial reparation provides theoretical foundation and scientific guidance.
The present invention is the creationary rapid identification method that proposes a kind of table rufous iron film also, and the method thinking is ingenious, and simple to operate, and the discussion of root table iron film and the research of iron film at aspects such as plant self-protection or Environmental securities are had to very important meaning.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that little defect is measured in the induction time length, the induction that overcome plant roots table rufous iron film in prior art, and a kind of rapid induction method of plant roots table rufous iron film is provided.
Second object of the present invention is to provide the rapid identification method of plant roots table rufous iron film.
The object of the invention is to be achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of rapid induction method that plant roots table rufous iron film is provided, comprises the following steps:
S1. cultivate plant seedlings;
S2. adjusting the ferrophosphorus ratio in plant seedling growth medium, cultivate 2～16 days, there is rufous iron film in plant roots table.
Preferably, described in S2, somatomedin comprises nutrient solution and soil.
Preferably, when somatomedin is nutrient solution, by artificial allotment, control the ferrophosphorus ratio in nutrient solution; When somatomedin is soil, by artificial interpolation Fe
2+regulate and control the ferrophosphorus ratio in soil with the mode of alternation of wetting and drying; Described alternation of wetting and drying is the first rear waterflooding of arid.
The rapid induction method of plant roots table rufous iron film of the present invention is two kinds of methods arranged side by side, the object of these two kinds of methods is all the ferrophosphorus ratio in regulation and control somatomedin, when somatomedin is nutrient solution, thereby can, by controlling nutrient solution used ferrophosphorus ratio by allocating each component on the basis at complete nutrition liquid, reach and obtain the rufous iron film that induction time is short and content is high; And when somatomedin is soil, by the artificial Fe that adds 0.5～3g/kg soil in soil
2+and plant is done to the mode that wet (arid and waterflooding) replace simultaneously and realize the control to Soil Phosphorus iron ratio, finally obtain the rufous iron film that induction time is short and content is high.
Preferably, when somatomedin is nutrient solution, in nutrient solution, ferrophosphorus is than being 1:3～8; When somatomedin is soil, Fe
2+addition be 0.5～3g/kg soil; Described arid is with the time of waterflooding than being 1:1～3, and the number of times of described alternation of wetting and drying is 1～5 time.
In the present invention, nutrient solution used is preferably rice nutrition liquid, although its nutrient solution prescription of the paddy rice of different cultivars is different, but as long as in determining the rice nutrition liquid of kind, and regulate within the specific limits the ferrophosphorus of rice nutrition liquid than the scope to 1:3～8 of the present invention, just can reach and obtain the rufous iron film that induction time is short and content is high.
More preferably, when somatomedin is nutrient solution, in nutrient solution, ferrophosphorus is than being 1:8.
Fe of the present invention
2+ferrous sulfate, ferrous nitrate etc. derives from conventional soluble ferrite in plant cultivation, as all can.Inventor finds by research, when add Fe in soil
2+after, soil need to be through overbalance, and described plant is being added Fe afterwards
2+soil in grow a period of time, now plant roots table can not produce rufous iron film or form rufous iron film needs the long period, only have through the plant of follow-up alternation of wetting and drying just can at root table, produce rufous iron film fast, therefore, the time of plant roots table rufous iron film is to be as the criterion time with plant alternation of wetting and drying.
More preferably, when somatomedin is soil, Fe
2+addition be 2.5g/kg soil; In described alternation of wetting and drying, arid is with the time of waterflooding than being 1:3, and the number of times of alternation of wetting and drying is 2 times.
Preferably, above-mentioned arid is plant to be fallen completely dry, and the depth of water of described waterflooding is controlled at 1～3cm.
Preferably, described ferrophosphorus is than the molar concentration rate for phosphate radical around plant rhizosphere and ferrous ion.
Above-mentioned plant seedlings is cultivated and just can be formed a large amount of rufous iron films in 2 days in nutrient solution, within 6～16 days under soil cultivation condition, also can form a large amount of rufous iron films.
Preferably, above-mentioned nutrient solution is rice nutrition liquid.Above-mentioned plant is water plants, and more preferably, above-mentioned plant is paddy rice.
The rapid identification method that a kind of plant roots table rufous iron film is provided, comprises the following steps:
S1. by there being the plant of rufous iron film to take out after above-mentioned nutrient solution or soil incubation, clean root system of plant, with sodium pyrophosphate, remove Gen Biaofei rufous iron film;
S2. with DCB digestion agent, process plant roots table and measure root table rufous iron film content.
Applicant finds by research, and normal phosphorus is processed plant roots table and do not observed rufous iron film, but has a large amount of Fe
2+be oxidized to Fe
3+form similar rufous iron film (being defined as non-rufous iron film), lack phosphorus processing and can observe a large amount of rufous iron of root table film (being defined as rufous iron film).It is carried out to iron fractionation also finds, normal phosphorus is processed and mainly be take the indefinite form of iron form III(and weak crystalline state as main), and lack phosphorus, to process iron form IV(Crystal iron be the component of iron film) account for larger proportion, proved that rice root surface exists dividing of rufous and non-rufous iron film, non-rufous iron film is mainly ionic state or indefinite form iron forms, lack violent redox process, at root table, mainly take and form iron phosphorus as main, the character without iron glued membrane, therefore, do not there is biological or abiotic environment preventive and therapeutic effect, and the oxidizing substance that rufous iron film is root system secretion is oxidized to ferric iron by root table ferrous iron, through continuous oxidoreduction, with the effect formation of microorganism, there is the iron glued membrane of colloid proterties, can adsorb and the absorption of function influence nutritive element and the biological effectivenesses of heavy metal such as co-precipitation.Hence one can see that, for the evaluation of rufous iron film, seems particularly necessary.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the identification of rufous and non-rufous iron film; Wherein CK representative contrast; CK-P representative lacks phosphorus and processes; CK+Fe representative adds iron and processes; CK-P+Fe representative lacks phosphorus and adds iron processing; Water is blank; Figure 1A from left to right processes and is followed successively by CK, CK-P, CK+Fe, CK-P+Fe; Figure 1B from left to right processes and is followed successively by CK, CK-P, CK+Fe, CK-P+Fe;
Fig. 2 is the impact of different ferrophosphorus comparison root table rufous iron films;
Fig. 3 is for removing the digestion agent screening of non-rufous iron film; In Fig. 3 A, A ' representative lacks phosphorus and adds iron processing (CK-P+Fe), and B ' represents that normal phosphorus adds iron and processes (CK+Fe).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.These embodiment are only not used in and limit the scope of the invention for the present invention is described.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in lower routine embodiment, conventionally according to normal condition or according to the condition of manufacturer's suggestion.Unless otherwise defined, the familiar meaning of all specialties of using in literary composition and scientific words and those skilled in the art is identical.
embodiment 1
Deionized water rinsing 2 times of the rice seedling root system that will grow 21 days in nutrient solution (paddy rice is cultivated conventional nutrient solution), then change ferrophosphorus than (molar concentration rate of phosphate radical and ferrous ion) for cultivating 2 days in the rice nutrition liquid of 1:3 (with the rice nutrition liquid that contains normal phosphorus concentration in contrast, described nutrient solution prescription is slightly to make an amendment on the complete nutrition formula of liquid basis that proposes of Yoshida etc. (1976), and described complete nutrition formula of liquid is: NH
4nO
30.429 mmolL
-1, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o 1mmolL
-1, MgSO
47H
2o 1.667 mmolL
-1, KH
2pO
41 mmolL
-1, K
2sO
40.513 mmolL
-1; Fe (III)-EDTA 50 μ molL
-1, MnSO
49.1 μ molL
-1, ZnSO
40.15 μ molL
-1, CuSO
40.16 μ molL
-1, (NH
4)
4moO
244H
2o 0.52 μ molL
-1, H
3bO
319 μ molL
-1), there are a large amount of rufous iron films in root surface of rice.Root system is taken out, with deionized water rinsing 2 times, soak 30 min, the sodium pyrophosphate of then the changing 0.1mol/L 30min that vibrates on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, abandons clear liquid, with deionized water rinsing root system 2 times, then adds 0.03 molL
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o 40 mL, 0.1 molL
-1naHCO
35 mL and Na
2s
2o
41g, 60 min that vibrate on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, solution is transferred to constant volume in 100 mL volumetric flasks, and measuring rufous iron film content is 8.4 g/Kg root dry weights.
embodiment 2
Deionized water rinsing 2 times of the rice seedling root system that will grow 21 days in nutrient solution (paddy rice is cultivated conventional nutrient solution), then change ferrophosphorus than (molar concentration rate of phosphate radical and ferrous ion) for cultivating 2 days in the rice nutrition liquid of 1:5 (with the rice nutrition liquid that contains normal phosphorus concentration in contrast, described nutrient solution prescription is slightly to make an amendment on the complete nutrition formula of liquid basis that proposes of Yoshida etc. (1976), and described complete nutrition formula of liquid is: NH
4nO
30.429 mmolL
-1, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o 1mmolL
-1, MgSO
47H
2o 1.667 mmolL
-1, KH
2pO
41 mmolL
-1, K
2sO
40.513 mmolL
-1; Fe (III)-EDTA 50 μ molL
-1, MnSO
49.1 μ molL
-1, ZnSO
40.15 μ molL
-1, CuSO
40.16 μ molL
-1, (NH
4)
4moO
244H
2o 0.52 μ molL
-1, H
3bO
319 μ molL
-1), there are a large amount of rufous iron films in root surface of rice.Root system is taken out, with deionized water rinsing 2 times, soak 30 min, the sodium pyrophosphate of then changing 0.4 mol/L 60 min that vibrate on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, abandon clear liquid, with deionized water rinsing root system 1 time, then add 0.03 molL
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o 40 mL, 0.1 molL
-1naHCO
35 mL and Na
2s
2o
41g, 90 min that vibrate on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, solution is transferred to constant volume in 100 mL volumetric flasks, and measuring rufous iron film content is 11.6 g/Kg root dry weights.
embodiment 3
Deionized water rinsing 2 times of the rice seedling root system that will grow 21 days in nutrient solution (paddy rice is cultivated conventional nutrient solution), then change ferrophosphorus than (molar concentration rate of phosphate radical and ferrous ion) for cultivating 2 days in the rice nutrition liquid of 1:8 (with the rice nutrition liquid that contains normal phosphorus concentration in contrast, described nutrient solution prescription is slightly to make an amendment on the complete nutrition formula of liquid basis that proposes of Yoshida etc. (1976), and described complete nutrition formula of liquid is: NH
4nO
30.429 mmolL
-1, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o 1mmolL
-1, MgSO
47H
2o 1.667 mmolL
-1, KH
2pO
41 mmolL
-1, K
2sO
40.513 mmolL
-1; Fe (III)-EDTA 50 μ molL
-1, MnSO
49.1 μ molL
-1, ZnSO
40.15 μ molL
-1, CuSO
40.16 μ molL
-1, (NH
4)
4moO
244H
2o 0.52 μ molL
-1, H
3bO
319 μ molL
-1), there are a large amount of rufous iron films in root surface of rice.Root system is taken out, use deionized water rinsing 2 times, soak 30 min, the sodium pyrophosphate of then changing 0.2mol/L vibrates 45 minutes on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, abandons clear liquid, uses deionized water rinsing root system 2 times, then adds 0.03 molL
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o 40 mL, 0.1 molL
-1naHCO
35 mL and Na
2s
2o
41g vibrates 75 minutes on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, and solution is transferred to constant volume in 100 mL volumetric flasks, and measuring rufous iron film content is 15.2g/Kg root dry weight.
embodiment 4
The artificial Fe that adds in paddy soil
2+(the present embodiment is selected FeSO
4) be 0.5g/kg, balance is after 2 weeks, and rice cultivation, carries out continuous alternation of wetting and drying and (completely falls to doing 2 days after 19 days until paddy growth; Waterflooding 4 days, the depth of water is controlled at 1～2cm) 1 time, there are a large amount of rufous iron films in root surface of rice.Root system is taken out, first with running water, clean, then use deionized water rinsing 2 times, soak 30min, the sodium pyrophosphate of the changing 0.2mol/L 30min that vibrates on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, abandons clear liquid, rinses root system 1 time, then add 0.03 molL with deionization
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o 40 mL, 0.1 mol L
-1naHCO
35 mL and Na
2s
2o
41g, the 65min that vibrates on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, solution is transferred to constant volume in 100 mL volumetric flasks, and measuring rufous iron film content is 11.1g/Kg root dry weight.
embodiment 5
The artificial Fe that adds in paddy soil
2+(the present embodiment is selected FeSO
4) be 1g/kg, balance is after 2 weeks, and rice cultivation, carries out continuous alternation of wetting and drying and (completely falls to doing 2 days after 13 days until paddy growth; Waterflooding 2 days, the depth of water is controlled at 1～2cm) 3 times, there are a large amount of rufous iron films in root surface of rice.Root system is taken out, first with running water, clean, then use deionized water rinsing 2 times, soak 30min, the sodium pyrophosphate of the changing 0.1mol/L 30min that vibrates on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, abandons clear liquid, rinses root system 1 time, then add 0.03 molL with deionization
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o 40 mL, 0.1 mol L
-1naHCO
35 mL and Na
2s
2o
41g, the 60min that vibrates on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, solution is transferred to constant volume in 100 mL volumetric flasks, and measuring rufous iron film content is 12.3g/Kg root dry weight.
embodiment 6
The artificial Fe that adds in paddy soil
2+(the present embodiment is selected FeSO
4) be 2g/kg, balance is after 2 weeks, and rice cultivation, carries out continuous alternation of wetting and drying and (completely falls to doing 1 day after 9 days until paddy growth; Waterflooding 3 days, the depth of water is controlled at 1～2cm) 4 times, there are a large amount of rufous iron films in root surface of rice.Root system is taken out, first with running water, clean, then use deionized water rinsing 2 times, soak 30min, the sodium pyrophosphate of the changing 0.4mol/L 60min that vibrates on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, abandons clear liquid, rinses root system 2 times, then add 0.03 molL with deionization
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o 40 mL, 0.1 mol L
-1naHCO
35 mL and Na
2s
2o
41g, the 90min that vibrates on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, solution is transferred to constant volume in 100 mL volumetric flasks, and measuring rufous iron film content is 18.8g/Kg root dry weight.
embodiment 7
The artificial Fe that adds in paddy soil
2+(the present embodiment is selected FeSO
4) be 2.5g/kg, balance is after 2 weeks, and rice cultivation, carries out continuous alternation of wetting and drying and (completely falls to doing 1 day after 17 days until paddy growth; Waterflooding 3 days, the depth of water is controlled at 1～2cm) 2 times, there are a large amount of rufous iron films in root surface of rice.Root system is taken out, first with running water, clean, then use deionized water rinsing 2 times, soak 30min, the sodium pyrophosphate of the changing 0.2mol/L 40min that vibrates on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, abandons clear liquid, rinses root system 2 times, then add 0.03 molL with deionization
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o 40 mL, 0.1 mol L
-1naHCO
35 mL and Na
2s
2o
41g, the 60min that vibrates on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, solution is transferred to constant volume in 100 mL volumetric flasks, and measuring rufous iron film content is 20.1g/Kg root dry weight.
embodiment 8
The artificial Fe that adds in paddy soil
2+(the present embodiment is selected FeSO
4) be 3g/kg, balance is after 2 weeks, and rice cultivation, carries out continuous alternation of wetting and drying and (completely falls to doing 1 day after 10 days until paddy growth; Waterflooding 2 days, the depth of water is controlled at 1～2cm) 5 times, there are a large amount of rufous iron films in root surface of rice.Root system is taken out, first with running water, clean, then use deionized water rinsing 2 times, soak 30min, the sodium pyrophosphate of changing 0.3mol/L 50 min that vibrate on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, abandon clear liquid, rinse root system 2 times, then add 0.03 molL with deionization
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o 40 mL, 0.1 molL
-1naHCO
35 mL and Na
2s
2o
41g vibrates 75 minutes on the shaking table of 25 ℃ of 200r/min, and solution is transferred to constant volume in 100 mL volumetric flasks, and measuring rufous iron film content is 21.2g/Kg root dry weight.
As shown in Figure 1, the formation of rufous iron film is relevant with root table phosphate starvation, and normal phosphorus is processed root table without rufous iron film, but has a large amount of Fe
2+be oxidized to Fe
3+form similar rufous iron film, as shown in Figure 1B, (shown in Figure 1B, blueness is equivalent potassium ferrocyanide and hydrochloric acid and Fe
3+reaction forms).
Fig. 1 C is two groups, first group adds iron processing for adding iron processing and lacking phosphorus, this group root is whose immersion of deionization for table, second group identical with first group of processing, be that resulting sodium hydroxide for table (0.1mol/L) is processed, because sodium hydroxide can be replaced the phosphate radical in iron phosphorus, the color of reduced iron, by soaking with sodium hydroxide, be in order to replace the phosphate radical in indefinite form and weak Crystal iron phosphorus, the color of reduced iron, thereby mainly that invisible non-rufous iron film is visual, prove the existence of non-rufous iron film; It is carried out to the discovery of iron fractionation, normal phosphorus is processed main the take indefinite form of iron form III(and weak crystalline state) as main, and lack phosphorus processing iron form IV(Crystal iron, be the component of iron film) account for larger proportion (table 1), proved that rice root surface exists dividing of rufous and non-rufous iron film.
Fig. 2 studies discovery, and the formation of root table rufous iron film is with root table ferrophosphorus than relevant, and ferrophosphorus is than lower, and root table rufous iron film color is darker, and iron film thickness is more.
embodiment 9
Non-rufous iron film is mainly ionic state or indefinite form iron forms, lack violent redox process, at root table, mainly take and form iron phosphorus as main, the character without iron glued membrane, therefore, do not there is biological or abiotic environment preventive and therapeutic effect, and the oxidizing substance that rufous iron film is root system secretion is oxidized to ferric iron by root table ferrous iron, through continuous oxidoreduction, with the effect of microorganism, form the iron glued membrane with colloid proterties, can adsorb and the absorption of function influence nutritive element and the biological effectiveness of heavy metal such as co-precipitation.In order better root table rufous iron film and non-rufous iron film to be carried out separated and to be identified, the present embodiment has been inquired into the removal effect of different digestion agents to Gen Biaofei rufous iron film, as shown in Figure 3, wherein, in Fig. 3 A, A ' representative lacks phosphorus and adds iron processing (CK-P+Fe), can observe the formation of root table rufous iron film; B ' represents that normal phosphorus adds iron and processes (CK+Fe), and root table is without rufous iron film.Fig. 3 B is the design sketch of processing with potassium ferrocyanide again after Fig. 3 A processes with different digestion agents, is used for detecting the removal effect to Gen Biaofei rufous iron film after processing with different digestion agents.Finally find, it is the optimum extraction agent of root table rufous and non-rufous iron film that sodium pyrophosphate is processed.Applicant is optimized sodium pyrophosphate consumption, duration of oscillation, and after processing with potassium ferrocyanide, result is as shown in table 2, the root system that the normal phosphorus of take adds iron (CK+Fe) processing is subjects, when the concussion time, be greater than 45 minutes and when sodium pyrophosphate concentration is greater than 0.2 mol/L, remove Gen Biaofei rufous iron film the most desirable.
comparative example 1
Experimental technique is with embodiment 3, unique different be that in the rice nutrition liquid adding, phosphorus is 0.01mmolL
-1(reaching the limit of phosphate starvation), ferrous ion is 0.02 mmolL
-1, paddy rice is cultivated has rufous iron film to occur for 14 days, and the content of finally measuring rufous iron film is 2.2 g/Kg root dry weights.
comparative example 2
Experimental technique is with embodiment 3, unique different be that in the rice nutrition liquid adding, ferrous ion is 0.1 mmolL
-1, phosphorus is 0.05 mmolL
-1, paddy rice is cultivated has rufous iron film to occur for 16 days, and the content of finally measuring rufous iron film is 4.1 g/Kg root dry weights.
Claims (9)
1. a rapid induction method for plant roots table rufous iron film, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1. cultivate plant seedlings;
S2. adjusting the ferrophosphorus ratio in plant seedling growth medium, cultivate 2～16 days, there is rufous iron film in plant roots table.
2. the rapid induction method of plant roots table rufous iron film according to claim 1, is characterized in that, somatomedin comprises nutrient solution and soil described in S2.
3. the rapid induction method of plant roots table rufous iron film according to claim 2, is characterized in that, when somatomedin is nutrient solution, by artificial allotment, controls the ferrophosphorus ratio in nutrient solution; When somatomedin is soil, by artificial interpolation Fe
2+regulate and control the ferrophosphorus ratio in soil with the mode of alternation of wetting and drying; Described alternation of wetting and drying is the first rear waterflooding of arid.
4. according to the rapid induction method of plant roots table rufous iron film described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, when somatomedin is nutrient solution, controlling ferrophosphorus ratio in nutrient solution is 1:3～8; When somatomedin is soil, Fe
2+addition be 0.5～3g/kg soil; Described arid is 1:1～3 with the time ratio of waterflooding.
5. according to the rapid induction method of plant roots table rufous iron film described in claim 1 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that, described ferrophosphorus is than the molar concentration rate for phosphate radical around plant rhizosphere and ferrous ion.
6. a rapid identification method for plant roots table rufous iron film, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1. the plant of cultivating described in claim 1 2～16 days is taken out, clean root system of plant, with sodium pyrophosphate, remove Gen Biaofei rufous iron film;
S2. with DCB digestion agent, process plant roots table and measure root table rufous iron film content.
7. the rapid identification method of plant roots table rufous iron film according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described DCB digestion agent is 0.03 molL
-1na
3c
6h
5o
72H
2o, 0.1 molL
-1naHCO
3and Na
2s
2o
4.
8. the rapid identification method of plant roots table rufous iron film according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the concentration of described sodium pyrophosphate is 0.1～0.4 mol/L.
9. the rapid identification method of plant roots table rufous iron film according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described in S1, with sodium pyrophosphate, removing Gen Biaofei rufous iron film is that clean root system is soaked in sodium pyrophosphate solution at 25 ℃, and the 30～60min that vibrates on the shaking table of 200r/min, abandons clear liquid.
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| CN105009963A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-04 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Identification method for adaptability of plant to low-phosphorus environment |
| CN105409738A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-03-23 | 华南农业大学 | Method for inducing iron plaqueon root surface of acacia auriculaeformis |
| CN109287459A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-02-01 | 东华大学 | A method of inhibit rice absorbing to transport metal nanoparticle |
| CN109437407A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-08 | 北京东方利禾景观设计有限公司 | A method of based on root system of plant system hardening artificial swamp Removal |
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| CN112136673A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-29 | 西南林业大学 | Method for preventing and treating arsenic pollution by using iron film of root system of wetland plant seedling under water culture condition |
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| CN105009963B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-09-26 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Authentication method of the plant to the adaptability of low-phosphorous environment |
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| CN109287459A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-02-01 | 东华大学 | A method of inhibit rice absorbing to transport metal nanoparticle |
| CN109845440A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-06-07 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method that rice root iron film promotes Soil Nitrate reduction |
| CN109437407A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-08 | 北京东方利禾景观设计有限公司 | A method of based on root system of plant system hardening artificial swamp Removal |
| CN111426531A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-17 | 中山大学 | Method for separating substances in and out of iron membrane on surface of wetland plant root |
| CN112136673A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-29 | 西南林业大学 | Method for preventing and treating arsenic pollution by using iron film of root system of wetland plant seedling under water culture condition |
| CN115231709A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-10-25 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Application of iron film in improving super-enriched plant Leersia hexandra Swartz in restoring heavy metal chromium polluted water body |
| CN115231709B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-04-26 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Application of iron film in improving restoration of heavy metal chromium-polluted water body by super-enriched plant Leersia hexandra |
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