CN104160351A - 分级开关 - Google Patents

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CN104160351A
CN104160351A CN201380012915.8A CN201380012915A CN104160351A CN 104160351 A CN104160351 A CN 104160351A CN 201380012915 A CN201380012915 A CN 201380012915A CN 104160351 A CN104160351 A CN 104160351A
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thyristor
module
coil
diversity switch
centre tap
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CN104160351B (zh
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A·赖希
V·卡勒
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Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
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Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0011Voltage selector switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0027Operating mechanisms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34Snubber circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/25Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/257Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P13/00Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P13/06Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/14Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/348Passive dissipative snubbers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于电压调节的分级开关,具有半导体开关元件,这些半导体开关元件在一个具有调节线圈的调节变压器上。分级开关构成为模块化的,其中,每个模块分别包括调节线圈的一个分线圈,该分线圈通过半导体开关元件可接通或可断开。附加地集成有可变电阻和电容器,以保护半导体开关元件免受高电压影响。

Description

分级开关
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电压调节的分级开关,具有半导体开关元件。
背景技术
DE 2248166 A已描述了一种可调节的具有半导体开关元件的变压器。在此次级线圈包括一定数量的调节线圈部分,这些调节线圈部分包括在一定数量的串联连接的线圈组中,其中每个线圈组含有两个或三个并联连接的调节线圈部分。在此每个调节线圈部分设有一个非接触式开关元件。在该文献中,还描述了另一种变化方案,其中变压器的次级线圈包括一组串联连接的调节线圈部分,其中每个调节线圈部分含有四个非接触式开关元件。所述结构如此配置,以致在调节线圈部分的端子上的电压的方向是可逆的以及按选择还可跨接整个调节线圈部分。
由DE 2508013 A已知另一种用于逐级接通一个变压器的次级电压的装置。在这种情况下还以一些分线圈对次级线圈进行编组,其中同样可以设置有用于转换的半导体开关元件。
DE 19747712 C2描述了一种在构成为自耦变压器的分级变压器上的相似类型的分级开关的结构。在这种情况下,同样设置有一些单个线圈部分,这些单个线圈部分单个地且彼此无关地可接通。除了调节线圈的一些固定的抽头外,在这种结构中,还可接上或可接通一些附加分开的线圈部分。
由WO 95/27931已知另一种用于无中断地进行负荷转换的分级开关的一些不同的实施形式,其中也将晶闸管用作开关元件。在此借助逆并联连接的晶闸管对,一个分级线圈的不同的线圈部分作为相应的分级变压器的次级线圈的部分是可接通或可断开的。为了实现一种尽可能精细分级的电压调节,在存在的线圈抽头有限时,在这篇文献中还建议了一种称作“离散循环调制”的方法,其中晶闸管如此被控制,以致得出次级电压的中值。
由出版物“A new approach to solid-state on load tap changingtransformers”(Osman,Demirci;David,A.,Torrey;Rober,C.,Degeneff;IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,Vol.13,Issue:3,Juli 1998)已知一种模块化构造的半导体开关分级开关系统。在此调节线圈与多个模块串联连接。其中每一个模块都具有半导体开关元件以及具有不同线圈匝数的分线圈。通过针对性地操纵半导体开关元件,用于调节线圈的分线圈可以被接通或断开。通过不同的线圈匝数,甚至可以相对彼此且相对主线圈连接分线圈。该出版物构成第一权利要求的前序部分。
在由现有技术已知的解决方案中,半导体开关元件在传统的、机械的分级开关中实际上承担机械的选择器弧刷的功能。借助半导体开关元件,调节线圈的单个线圈抽头本身可以被接通或断开。也可以将调节线圈分成可以分开接通的分线圈。
这些分级开关必须满足与IEC 60060相结合的不同的IEC标准60214-1的要求。此外必须实施一种交流电压试验(不同来源的交流耐压试验(separate source AC withstand voltage test))以及一种雷电冲击电压试验(lightning impulse voltage test)。在交流电压试验中,施加频率为50或60 Hz的单相的交流电压,持续60秒。在这里根据允许使用的平均运行电压,数值可以在20至325 kV。雷电冲击电压试验必须以标准化形式1.2/50μs实施。在此交流电压可以上升到直至1.8 MV的值。由于这些交流电压直接降落在分级开关上特别是降落在半导体开关元件上,而这些半导体开关元件可能不是为这些高值设计的或只能以高花费针对这些高值设计的,所以很有可能损坏这些半导体开关元件。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务是,提供一种具有半导体开关元件的分级开关,其中半导体开关元件受到保护而免受高的根据标准由试验得出的交流电压影响。
所述任务通过具有第一权利要求的特征的分级开关得以解决。从属权利要求涉及本发明的特别有利的扩展方案。
总的发明构思在于,与每个半导体开关元件并联地连接有串联的一个与电压相关的电阻和一个电容器。
附图说明
下面要借助附图示例性地更进一步阐述本发明。
具体实施方式
所述附图示出了一个待调节的变压器,该变压器包括一个低压线圈1和一个高压线圈可调线圈(高压线圈)2,可调线圈在这里具有三个分开的分线圈W1、W2和W3,一个根据本发明的分级开关3连接到这些分线圈上。虚线在此象征性表示分级开关3的范围,该分级开关在这里包括三个单个的模块M1、M2、M3。但模块的数量是可自由选择的。第一模块M1包括第一分线圈W1以及在其两侧的两个旁路通路,这些旁路通路分别包括一个由两个半导体开关元件例如S1.1和S1.2或S1.3和S1.4构成的串联电路。在两个串联连接的开关元件之间分别设置有一个中间抽头M1.1或M1.2。与每个半导体开关元件S1.1-S1.4并联地设置一个带有串联连接的与电压相关的电阻R1.1-R1.4的电容器C1.1-C1.4。
单个的半导体开关元件只示意性地作为简单的开关示出。它们在实践中包括并联连接的晶闸管、IGBT或其他半导体开关元件。它们也可以分别包括多个这样的单个的半导体开关元件的串联或并联电路。与电压相关的电阻涉及所谓的可变电阻或抑制二极管。
第一模块M1的中间抽头M1.1与高压线圈2的末端电连接。模块M1和M2经由中间抽头M1.2和M2.2电连接。第二模块M2同样地构造;它也包括一个分线圈W2、两个分别由两个半导体开关元件S2.1和S2.2或S2.3和S2.4构成的串联电路以及与此并联地串联连接的电容器C2.1-C2.4和电阻R2.1-R2.4。在相应的串联电路之间也再设置有中间抽头M2.1或M2.2。其中一个中间抽头M2.2与第一模块M1的接线已经解释过了;第二中间抽头M2.1本身与同类的第三模块M3的一个中间抽头M3.1连接。这个模块也包含其间具有中间抽头M3.1和M3.2的半导体开关元件S3.1-S3.4,以及电容器C3.1-C3.4、电阻R3.1-R3.4和一个分线圈W3。第三模块经由中间抽头M3.2与一个负荷引线(星形接点)4连接。
通过测量相应的分线圈W1、W2、W3可以区分所描述的三个模块M1、M2、M3。
通过针对性地操纵各个模块M1-M3的单个半导体开关元件Sn.1-Sn.4,可以将各个分线圈W1-W3接通或断开。在分线圈大小不同的情况下,甚至可以相对彼此连接这些分线圈。
在按IEC标准进行试验时,巨大的电压施加在半导体开关元件Sn.n上。为了保护半导体开关元件Sn.n,在雷电冲击电压试验和交流电压试验中,将一个与电压相关的电阻Rn.n(例如一个可变电阻或一个充气的过电压放电器等等)与其并联。
与电压相关的电阻Rn.n这样设计,以致该电阻在交流电压试验情况下正好不传导或在另一种实施形式中引导如此小的电流,以致在上述时间间隔中产生的功耗不导致构件的损坏。在雷电冲击电压试验框架中,与电压相关的电阻Rn.n传导并限制降落在半导体开关元件Sn.n上的电压。由于这一原因,半导体开关元件Sn.n必须这样设计,以致该半导体开关元件无损伤地经受住这个降落的电压。
由于雷电冲击电压试验的电压脉冲的升高与交流电压试验相比成倍加快,所以该升高具有比交流电压试验的频谱(最大60Hz)更高频率的部分(较大的60Hz)。由于这一原因,与电压相关的电阻Rn.n被电容连接。这通过与电容器Cn.n串联实现。通过这种连接产生一个高通滤波器。在低频交流电压试验期间,载荷远离与电压相关的电阻Rn.n。
特别有利的是,在这种结构上事实是,与电容器Cn.n连接的与电压相关的电阻Rn.n(可变电阻)现在只须与雷电冲击电压试验的要求相匹配。这些要求与交流电压试验的要求相比要低得多,因为包含的能量较低,这反映到成本和所需的结构空间上。另一个积极效果是,还可以将半导体开关元件Sn.n的尺寸设计得更小。这本身也带来成本优势。

Claims (5)

1.用于电压调节的分级开关,具有半导体开关元件,这些半导体开关元件在一个具有调节线圈的调节变压器上,其中,分级开关(3)具有至少一个模块(M1、M2、M3),每个模块(M1、M2、M3)分别包括调节线圈的一个分线圈(W1、W2、W3)以及在其两侧的两个旁路通路,每个旁路通路分别包括一个由两个半导体开关元件(S1.1、S1.2;S1.3、S1.4;S2.1、S2.2;S2.3、S2.4;S3.1、S3.2;S3.3、S3.4;S4.1、S4.2;S4.3、S4.4)构成的串联电路,在每个旁路通路的两个串联连接的半导体开关元件(S1.1、S1.2;S1.3、S1.4;S2.1、S2.2;S2.3、S2.4;S3.1、S3.2;S3.3、S3.4;S4.1、S4.2;S4.3、S4.4)之间分别设置有一个中间抽头(M1.1、M1.2;M2.1、M2.2;M3.1、M3.2),每个模块(M1、M2、M3)的两个中间抽头(M1.2;M2.1、M2.2;M3.1)中的其中一个中间抽头分别与相邻模块的一个中间抽头连接,并且第三模块(M3)的剩下的一个中间抽头(M3.2)与负荷引线(4)可连接而第一模块(M1)的剩下的另一个中间抽头(M1.1)与调节变压器的调节线圈(2)可连接,其特征在于,与每个半导体开关元件(S1.1、S1.2;S1.3、S1.4;S2.1、S2.2;S2.3、S2.4;S3.1、S3.2;S3.3、S3.4;S4.1、S4.2;S4.3、S4.4)分别并联地设置有一个与一个电容器(C1.1、C1.2;C1.3、C1.4;C2.1、C2.2;C2.3、C2.4;C3.1、C3.2;C3.3、C3.4、C4.1、C4.2;C4.3、C4.4)串联连接的与电压相关的电阻(R1.1、R1.2;R1.3、R1.4;R2.1、R2.2;R2.3、R2.4;R3.1、R3.2;R3.3、R3.4;R4.1、R4.2;R4.3、R4.4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分级开关,其特征在于,分级开关(3)刚好包括三个模块M1、M2和M3。
3.根据权利要求2所述的分级开关,其特征在于,所述三个模块(M1…M3)的分线圈(W1…W3)按1:3:6或1:3:9的比例分配。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的分级开关,其特征在于,半导体开关元件(S1.1、S1.2;S1.3、S1.4;S2.1、S2.2;S2.3、S2.4;S3.1、S3.2;S3.3、S3.4;S4.1、S4.2;S4.3、S4.4)每个包括一个逆并联连接的晶闸管对或逆串联连接的IGBT对。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的分级开关,其特征在于,至少一个半导体开关元件(Sn1…Sn4)包括至少两个单个半导体开关元件(Sn1…Sn4)的串联电路或并联电路。
CN201380012915.8A 2012-03-08 2013-01-15 分级开关 Active CN104160351B (zh)

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DE102012101951A DE102012101951A1 (de) 2012-03-08 2012-03-08 Stufenschalter
DE102012101951.7 2012-03-08
PCT/EP2013/050614 WO2013131664A1 (de) 2012-03-08 2013-01-15 Stufenschalter

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US (1) US9269508B2 (zh)
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JP (1) JP2015511034A (zh)
KR (1) KR20140137359A (zh)
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AU (1) AU2013230252B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR112014019456B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2864605A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102012101951A1 (zh)
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DE102012101951A1 (de) 2013-09-12
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AU2013230252A1 (en) 2014-10-16
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US9269508B2 (en) 2016-02-23
CN104160351B (zh) 2016-03-23
AU2013230252B2 (en) 2016-10-06
HK1203094A1 (zh) 2015-10-16
BR112014019456B1 (pt) 2021-01-19
NZ629180A (en) 2016-01-29
UA115050C2 (uk) 2017-09-11
BR112014019456A8 (pt) 2017-07-11
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BR112014019456A2 (zh) 2017-06-20
CA2864605A1 (en) 2013-09-12

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