CN104158411A - Charge power limitation and charge retention control method of high-voltage capacitor - Google Patents
Charge power limitation and charge retention control method of high-voltage capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104158411A CN104158411A CN201410388833.XA CN201410388833A CN104158411A CN 104158411 A CN104158411 A CN 104158411A CN 201410388833 A CN201410388833 A CN 201410388833A CN 104158411 A CN104158411 A CN 104158411A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a charge power limitation and charge retention control method of a high-voltage capacitor. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adopting a PFM (pulse frequency modulation) control mode when the capacitor voltage does not reach the set voltage V[set], and changing the charge current stage by stage; reducing the power requirement on a front power supply system on the premise of meeting the high-power quick charge rate requirements; (2) when the capacitor voltage reaches the set voltage V[set], switching to a PWM (pulse-width modulation) control mode, providing low-power charge retention, and compensating the leakage of the capacitor voltage. According to the method, at the quick charge stage, the power limitation requirements of the front power supply system are met through staged constant-current charge; at the charge retention stage, narrow-pulse charge current is provided and high-precision charge retention are realized through the PWM hard-switching mode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric and electronic technical field, more specifically, relate to a kind of limit power and charging to high-voltage capacitor charging and keep control method.
Background technology
Pulse Power Techniques are with a wide range of applications, and expand to education, medical treatment, industry, multiple fields such as civilian by initial scientific research and military field, and along with the going deep into of each area research, the demand of paired pulses power apparatus is larger.The primary energy link that pulse power field is commonly used is the most exactly high-voltage capacitor energy storage, and therefore high-voltage capacitor charge power supply is the extremely important part in pulse-power apparatus.
There are three kinds of current comparative maturities of high-voltage capacitor charging technique, i.e. the charging of the high voltage direct current source with current-limiting resistor, power frequency L-C resonant charging, high-frequency converter charging.Above two kinds of charging techniques because inefficiency, power density are not high, charging low precision, cannot be operated in the shortcomings such as new model more and the technology that is used gradually high-frequency converter charging replaces.
In high-frequency converter charging, series resonant converter charges because its topological structure is relatively simple, has the advantages such as constant current, permanent characteristic impedance, permanent resonance frequency (even if load capacitance changes in larger scope) and the most conventional charging technique in becoming charging field.When the mode of operation of selecting series resonant converter is discontinuous mode, when switching frequency is less than the resonance frequency of 0.5 times, converter has the output characteristic of constant-current source.Output current is directly proportional to switching frequency, and switching tube can be realized zero-current switching, and the relevant parameter of interrupted downconverter is to be also very easy to design.Although it is many that the charging of basic series resonance has advantages of, still there are many defects in this charging modes:
(1) for traditional constant current charge mode, its input power increases along with the rising of charging voltage, can not adapt to the requirement of prime electric power system restriction power output.
(2) for whole pulse power system, charging is accomplished to trigger between electric discharge and often exists a time interval, due to the impact of energy storage capacitor self-characteristic, there is voltage leak, after charging voltage reaches set point, traditional constant current charge cannot carry out low power charging to supplement the electric leakage of capacitor, thereby cannot ensure to equal to arrange voltage at the voltage that triggers electric discharge moment capacitor.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defect existing in existing series resonance capacitor charging technique, comprises that the Power Limitation that cannot meet prime electric power system while controlling constant current charge requires, cannot carry out small-power charging and keeps to supplement the electric leakage of capacitor.For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of have simultaneously meet the capacitor charging methods that the high-power quick charge of prime limit power requirement and micropower charging keep function.
According to the present invention, keep in order to meet prime limit power requirement and to realize micropower charging, adopt pulse frequency modulated (Pulse frequency modulation, PFM) the charging control program that soft on-off mode and pulse width modulation (Pulse width modulation, PWM) hard switching mode combines.Concrete control method is:
(1) do not reach voltage V is set at condenser voltage
settime, adopt PFM mode processed, and change step by step the size of charging current, meeting under the prerequisite of high-power quick charge rate requirement, reduce the power demand to prime electric power system;
(2) reach voltage V is set at condenser voltage
settime, be switched to PWM control mode, provide small-power charging to keep, the leakage of compensation condenser voltage.
In one embodiment of the present of invention, in above-mentioned steps (1), because the output current of charge power supply is only relevant with switching frequency, and irrelevant with charging voltage, so charge power supply has constant current output characteristic, its power output and input power all increase along with the rising of charging voltage.For restriction input power, charging process can be divided into multiple stages, adopt the mode of multi-stage constant current, reduce step by step charging current, wherein the setting electric current in the quantity in stage and each stage can be chosen according to the requirement in charging interval, and ensures that the power in each latter stage in stage is no more than maximum power limitation.
Particularly, the described charging interval meets
wherein, T
dfor the charging interval that requires to reach, n is number of stages, C
ofor the capacitance of load capacitance, U
ibe the ceiling voltage of i charging stage, U
0=0, U
n=V
set, I
oiit is the setting charging current of i charging stage; The input power in each latter stage in stage all meets
wherein P
maxthe maximal input that should limit, P
ibe the input power in i latter stage charging stage, η
iit is the charge efficiency in i latter stage charging stage.
In one embodiment of the present of invention, above-mentioned steps (1) specifically comprises:
(11) in the first stage of charging, charging voltage rises to 0.75V from 0V
setduring this time, by by-pass cock frequency, controlling charging current constant is I
o1;
(12) in the second stage of charging, charging voltage is from 0.75V
setrise to 0.85V
setduring this time, by by-pass cock frequency, controlling charging current constant is I
o2;
(13) in the phase III of charging, charging voltage is from 0.85V
setrise to 0.9V
setduring this time, by by-pass cock frequency, controlling charging current constant is I
o3;
(14) in the fourth stage of charging, charging voltage is from 0.9V
setrise to V
setduring this time, by by-pass cock frequency, controlling charging current constant is I
o4;
The magnitude relationship of above-mentioned charging current is: I
o1>I
o2>I
o3>I
o4.The concrete numerical value of charging current and the concrete division of charging stage can require to design according to the Power Limitation of prime electric power system, realize constant current charge stage by stage, and along with the rising of charging voltage, the constant current value of controlling the corresponding charging stage constantly declines.Therefore, can meet the requirement of prime limit power.
In one embodiment of the present of invention, preferably, above-mentioned steps (2) specifically comprises: reach when voltage is set at condenser voltage, be switched to PWM control mode, now, taking condenser voltage as control object, drive the pulsewidth of signal to make series resonant circuit be operated in simple venation ripple output mode by adjusting switching tube, output burst pulse charging current, thereby the voltage leak of compensation condenser, realizes high accuracy charging and keeps.
According to charging control mode provided by the present invention, in the quick charge stage, meet the requirement of prime electric power system Power Limitation by constant current charge stage by stage; In the charging maintenance stage, by PWM hard switching mode, provide burst pulse charging current, realize high accuracy charging and kept.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is series resonance capacitor charge power supply structure principle chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention keeps control method flow chart to high-voltage capacitor charging limit power and charging;
Fig. 3 be in a preferred embodiment of the present invention based on PFM mode limit power quick charge and PWM mode charge keep charge control method particular flow sheet;
Fig. 4 is that the series resonant converter under PWM hard switching control mode of the present invention is operated in the work wave under simple venation ripple output mode;
Fig. 5 is that the series resonant converter under PWM hard switching control mode of the present invention is operated in the work wave under simple venation ripple output mode.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.In addition,, in each execution mode of described the present invention, involved technical characterictic just can combine mutually as long as do not form each other conflict.
Figure 1 shows that the structure principle chart of series resonance capacitor charge power supply of the present invention.Mainly comprise three-phase bridge rectification circuit 1, LC filter circuit 2, full-bridge inverter 3, resonant slots 4; high frequency high voltage transformer 5, high-voltage rectifier 6, voltage and current detection circuit 7, discharge protection circuit 8; protective circuit 9, drive circuit 10, control circuit 11, control panel 12.Three-phase input voltage is transformed to the direct voltage that ripple is very little after three-phase is not controlled the rectification of rectifier bridge 1 and 2 filtering of LC filter circuit.Filter circuit 2 is connected with full-bridge inverter 3, and filtered direct voltage is as the input of full-bridge inverter 3.In the present invention, the switching frequency of inverter bridge is less than the half of the resonance frequency of resonant slots 4, and charge power supply is operated in interrupted charge mode.
Discharge prevention loop 8 is made up of two protective resistances and a protection diode.Capacitor damping setting or failure and other reasons due to discharge loop in discharge process may produce reverse voltage on electric capacity; this reverse voltage rectification silicon stack 6 of flowing through; easily cause the damage of rectification silicon stack 6 and load capacitance; adopt flowing through channel and the size of current of the T-shaped loop restriction reverse current of protective resistance and diode formation, protection rectification silicon stack and capacitor.Voltage and current detection circuit 7 is responsible for the value that is obtained charging current, load capacitance voltage, bus current, busbar voltage by sampling resistor and electric resistance partial pressure to carry out sending into control circuit 11 after filtering, isolation, dividing potential drop.Control circuit 11 is responsible for processing the sampled value of testing circuit 7, while being controlled the break-make of switching device in inverter bridge 3 and broken down, by drive circuit 10 and protective circuit 9, power-supply system is carried out to software and hardware protection by drive circuit 10.
As shown in Figure 2, the invention provides one high-voltage capacitor charging limit power and charging kept to control method, comprising:
(1) the quick charge stage: do not reach voltage V is set at condenser voltage
settime, adopt PFM control mode, and change step by step the size of charging current, meeting under the prerequisite of high-power quick charge rate requirement, reduce the power demand to prime electric power system;
In step (1), because the output current of charge power supply is only relevant with switching frequency, and irrelevant with charging voltage, so charge power supply has constant current output characteristic, its power output and input power all increase along with the rising of charging voltage.For restriction input power, charging process can be divided into multiple stages, adopt the mode of multi-stage constant current, reduce step by step charging current, wherein the setting electric current in the quantity in stage and each stage can be chosen according to the requirement in charging interval, and ensures that the power in each latter stage in stage is no more than maximum power limitation.
Particularly, the described charging interval meets
wherein, T
dfor the charging interval that requires to reach, n is number of stages, C
ofor the capacitance of load capacitance, U
ibe the ceiling voltage of i charging stage, U
0=0, U
n=V
set, I
oiit is the setting charging current of i charging stage; The input power in each latter stage in stage all meets
wherein P
maxthe maximal input that should limit, P
ibe the input power in i latter stage charging stage, η
iit is the charge efficiency in i latter stage charging stage.
(2) the charging maintenance stage: reach voltage V is set at condenser voltage
setand during etc. electric discharge to be triggered, be switched to PWM control mode, carrying out small-power charging keeps, drive the size of pulsewidth by by-pass cock pipe, can realize the balance of charge power supply power output and capacitor leakage power, the leakage of compensation condenser voltage, in stopping charging, condenser voltage equals to arrange voltage V all the time like this
set, and then improve the triggering electric discharge precision of whole pulse power system.
Reach when voltage is set at condenser voltage, be switched to PWM control mode, now taking condenser voltage as control object, drive the pulsewidth of signal to make series resonant circuit be operated in simple venation ripple output mode by adjusting switching tube, output burst pulse charging current, thereby the voltage leak of compensation condenser, realizes high accuracy charging and keeps.
Below will taking to 30 1000 μ F voltage on capacitor 10kV as embodiment, charging control mode of the present invention is described.In the present embodiment, the charge rate of capacitor charging power supply should be not less than 16kJ/s, should be within 93.75s to the time of 1.5MJ energy storage capacitor charging.In order to ensure, under the prerequisite of charge rate, to reduce the input power of power supply, quick charge process is divided into 4 stages by the present embodiment, and supposing to arrange voltage is V
set, the control flow chart that Fig. 3 is the present embodiment, concrete step comprises:
(11) first stage: 0V～0.75V
set, charging current is constant is 4A, this charging interval in stage is 56.25s;
Particularly, in step (1), the method for controlling constant current is: the charging current that the series resonance capacitor charge power supply shown in Fig. 1 is operated under discontinuous current conduction mode is I
o=8V
inc
rf
s, wherein f
sthe switching frequency of switching tube, C
rfor resonant capacitance value, V
infor input direct voltage value.By by-pass cock frequency, can control the size of charging current.In step described later, the method for controlling constant current is all to adopt PFM to control.
Particularly, in step (1), the computational methods in charging interval are: the charging interval
by charging current I
o, charging voltage U, charging capacitor C
ocan be regarded as to obtain the charging interval.
(12) second stage: 0.75V
set～0.85V
set, charging current is constant is 3.5A, this charging interval in stage is 8.57s;
(13) phase III: 0.85V
set～0.9V
set, charging current is constant is 3A, this charging interval in stage is 5s;
(14) fourth stage: 0.9V
set～V
set, charging current is constant is 2.5A, this charging interval in stage is 12s.
Therefore, can calculate total charging time and be about 81.82s, being converted to charge rate is 18.33kJ/s, meets the technical requirement of the present embodiment.
(15) the charging maintenance stage: after charging voltage reaches set point, enter the charging maintenance stage, by PWM hard switching control mode, control series resonant converter and be operated in simple venation ripple output mode, output burst pulse charging current, so that micropower compensation condenser voltage leak to be provided, realize accurately charging and keep.
Particularly, the simple venation ripple output mode under the PWM mode described in step (15) is: in the series resonance capacitor charge power supply shown in Fig. 1, meet following condition if drive arteries and veins to fill width:
Wherein, t
pdriving pulse width, ω be series resonance angular frequency and
v
ininput direct voltage, V
othe voltage of charging capacitor.Circuit working is at simple venation ripple output mode, and main circuit work wave as shown in Figure 4.
If driving pulse width meets following condition:
Wherein, T be harmonic period and
circuit working is at two pulse wave output modes, and main circuit work wave as shown in Figure 5.Known by analyzing, the feature under simple venation ripple output mode is:
(A1) in switching frequency and the certain situation of pulsewidth, output voltage V
ohigher, the crest voltage of resonant capacitance is just less;
(A2) in switching frequency and the certain situation of pulsewidth, output voltage V
ohigher, the peak value of resonance current is just less.
And for two pulse wave output modes, its feature is just in time contrary:
(A1) in switching frequency and the certain situation of pulsewidth, output voltage V
ohigher, the crest voltage of resonant capacitance is just larger;
(A2) in switching frequency and the certain situation of pulsewidth, output voltage V
ohigher, the peak value of resonance current is just larger.
Because the requirement of the present embodiment is to have maintenance function when the ceiling voltage 10kV, during again because of employing PWM control mode, circuit working is at hard switching state, therefore, for ensureing the safety of system, in the time of the design of practical power, should choose less driving pulsewidth, avoid the appearance of pulse-pair output pattern, avoid damaging switching device because large electric current turn-offs.
Therefore, in the time that control switch pipe driving pulse width meets formula (1), can realize the charging of simple venation ripple and keep, small-pulse effect charging current is provided.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. high-voltage capacitor charging limit power and charging are kept to a control method, it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
(1) do not reach voltage V is set at condenser voltage
settime, adopt PFM control mode, and change step by step the size of charging current, meeting under the prerequisite of high-power quick charge rate requirement, reduce the power demand to prime electric power system;
(2) reach voltage V is set at condenser voltage
settime, be switched to PWM control mode, provide small-power charging to keep, the leakage of compensation condenser voltage.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (1) specifically comprises:
Do not reach voltage V is set at condenser voltage
settime, charging process is divided into multiple stages, adopts the mode of multi-stage constant current, reduce step by step charging current, wherein the setting electric current in the quantity in stage and each stage can be chosen according to the requirement in charging interval, and ensures that the power in each latter stage in stage is no more than maximum power limitation.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the described charging interval need meet
wherein, T
dfor the charging interval that requires to reach, n is number of stages, C
ofor the capacitance of load capacitance, U
ibe the ceiling voltage of i charging stage, U
0=0, U
n=V
set, I
oiit is the setting charging current of i charging stage; The input power in each latter stage in stage all meets
wherein P
maxthe maximal input that should limit, P
ibe the input power in i latter stage charging stage, η
iit is the charge efficiency in i latter stage charging stage.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (1) specifically comprises:
(11) in the first stage of charging, charging voltage rises to 0.75V from 0V
setduring this time, by by-pass cock frequency, controlling charging current constant is I
o1;
(12) in the second stage of charging, charging voltage is from 0.75V
setrise to 0.85V
setduring this time, by by-pass cock frequency, controlling charging current constant is I
o2;
(13) in the phase III of charging, charging voltage is from 0.85V
setrise to 0.9V
setduring this time, by by-pass cock frequency, controlling charging current constant is I
o3;
(14) in the fourth stage of charging, charging voltage is from 0.9V
setrise to V
setduring this time, by by-pass cock frequency, controlling charging current constant is I
o4;
The magnitude relationship of above-mentioned charging current is: I
o1>I
o2>I
o3>I
o4.
5. the method as described in claim 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that, described step (2) specifically comprises: reach when voltage is set at condenser voltage, be switched to PWM control mode, now, taking condenser voltage as control object, drive the pulsewidth of signal to make series resonant circuit be operated in simple venation ripple output mode by adjusting switching tube, output burst pulse charging current, thereby the voltage leak of compensation condenser, realizes high accuracy charging and keeps.
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