CN104155674B - The method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms - Google Patents
The method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms Download PDFInfo
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- CN104155674B CN104155674B CN201410400110.7A CN201410400110A CN104155674B CN 104155674 B CN104155674 B CN 104155674B CN 201410400110 A CN201410400110 A CN 201410400110A CN 104155674 B CN104155674 B CN 104155674B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to nuclear radiation measurement and particle measurement technical field, and in particular to the method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms.Real-time discriminating method comprises the following steps：Collection CsI (Tl) detector anode signal, digitized signal is converted to through the ADC of 100MSPS；Threshold decision is carried out to digitized signal, the signal point two paths of data stream process to meeting threshold condition, all the way for counting, all the way for screening；Extract waveform and screen parameter, send into serial ports sending module, be sent to host computer；Upper computer software is received to be screened parameter and shows that examination parameter Two dimensional Distribution and α/γ screen spectrum.The system that solves traditional examination mode is huge, stability is poor and digitlization it is offline screen mode inefficiency the problems such as, have the advantages that algorithm accurately and reliably, simple system is portable, can screen in real time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear radiation measurement and particle measurement technical field, the particle that can be used for α/γ mixed radiation fields is real-time
Differentiate.
Background technology
α/gamma-rays is incided on CsI (Tl) scintillation detector, and the photoelectric pulse signal shape of formation is different, and waveform is screened
Being the difference according to signal shape differentiates the nuclear physical diagnosis technology of incoming particle species, visits in dark matter detection, neutrino
There is important application in the measurement of survey, survey of deep space and nuclear reaction differential cross-section.
The waveform of traditional approach is screened based on Analog Electronics Technique, it is necessary to special nuclear instrument plug-in unit or automatic using microcomputer
Measurement and control system, though examination in real time can be realized, instrument is complicated, system is huge, pulsimeter digit rate is low, stability is poor, and
Discriminating method is single.
The waveform examination that develops into of digital technology opens brand-new space, based on digitized thought, first to detector
Signal is digitized sampling, is then fed into host computer and is screened offline.This causes to be replaced with digitized instruments such as oscillographs
Huge simulation plug-in unit is possibly realized, and greatly reduces system scale, and discriminating method is more flexible, but this mode can not
Result is screened in output in real time, screens efficiency low.
Digitized signal transacting is the developing direction of nuclear physical diagnosis technology, and portable, real time implementation waveform screens energy
In being enough effectively embedded in based on digitized nuclear physics electronic system, substantial amounts of hardware is eliminated compared with traditional analog mode
Part, substantially increases the speed and precision of waveform examination compared with digital offline examination mode, significant.
The content of the invention
The effect that the system complex of mode, stability difference and the offline waveform of digitlization screen mode is screened to solve traditional waveform
The problems such as rate is low, the invention provides a kind of method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms,
The real-time examination of α/γ digitized wave forms is realized using the integration amount of pulse back edge signal integration amount and resultant signal.
Technical solution of the invention：
The method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms, it is characterized in that：The reality
When discriminating method used by equipment include cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector, A/D converter circuit, FPGA and host computer, it is described
Cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector passes sequentially through A/D converter circuit and FPGA is connected with host computer,
The step of examination, is specific as follows：
1) α/gamma-rays is incided on cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector, the Inorganic scintillation detection of collection cesium iodide,crystal
The anode signal of device, digitized signal is converted to through the A/D converter circuit of 14bit, 100MSPS；
2) FPGA carries out pointwise threshold decision to digitized signal, and threshold preset is digitlization range value, and span is
8500-9500, the signal to meeting threshold condition carries out shunting treatment, wherein having all the way to screen data flow；
3) waveform is extracted from data flow is screened and screens parameter, send into serial ports sending module, be sent to host computer；
4) host computer receives and screens parameter and show that examination parameter Two dimensional Distribution and α/γ screen spectrum.
Above-mentioned steps 2) it is specific as follows：
2.1) digitized signal is sent into the FIFO cachings in FPGA, FIFO digitized sampling values are read in pointwise；
If 2.2) amplitude of sampled point exceedes default activation threshold value, continuous 5 samplings after the sampled point are judged
Whether point value exceedes activation threshold value；
2.3) if so, then since first sampled point for meeting threshold condition, continuously by 276 sampled points storages with
In the register group of sampling length equal length, for subsequent treatment；If it is not, not stored then；
2.4) data stored in register group are read, wherein feeding algorithm screens module all the way, ginseng is screened for extracting
Number.
Above-mentioned steps 3) it is specific as follows：
3.1) the 261st to 276 sampled point is taken for background signal, digitlization average value is taken as baseline average, is designated as
Vbase-line；
3.2) the 1st to 260 sampled point is digitized into the accumulative addition of amplitude, subtracts 260 baseline averages, obtain waveform
One of parameter resultant signal integration amount is screened, q_total is designated as；
3.3) by the 50th to the 199 sampled point accumulative addition of digitlization amplitude after signal peak, 150 baselines are subtracted average
Value, obtain waveform screen parameter two after along signal integration amount, be designated as q_slow；
3.4) by resultant signal integration amount q_total and after along signal integration amount q_slow by Serial Port Transmission to host computer.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in meet the signal of threshold value and carry out shunting treatment, wherein it be all the way enumeration data stream, the meter to have
Number data flow is used to show event count.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in also include signal condition the step of, specifically：By cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector
Anode signal is converted to differential signal, and feeding A/D converter circuit is digitized sampling.
Above-mentioned FPGA is from the DE2-115 development boards for embedding Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29 types, the AD
Altera Data Conversion HSMC capture card of the change-over circuit from embedded 14 AD9524 types ADC.
Above-mentioned FPGA is from the DE2-115 development boards for embedding Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29 types, the AD
Altera Data Conversion HSMC capture card of the change-over circuit from embedded 14 AD9524 types ADC.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in also include signal condition the step of, specifically：By cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector
Anode signal is converted to differential signal, and feeding A/D converter circuit is digitized sampling.
The present invention is had the advantage that relative to prior art：
1st, the poor shortcoming and defect of the bulky of mode, stability is screened instant invention overcomes traditional waveform, makes examination
System portable, good stability.
2nd, instant invention overcomes the shortcoming for digitizing offline waveform and screening inefficiency, can screen in real time, counting rate up to 3 ×
105/ s, screens quality factor and is more than 1.4 in real time.
3rd, discriminating method of the invention is simple, reliable, can be embedded into digitlization nuclear electronics system, constitutes the core of miniaturization
Electronic instrument.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is impulse waveform of α, γ particle in CsI (Tl) detector after normalization；
Fig. 2 is the structure of the method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms proposed by the present invention
Block diagram；
Fig. 3 is the design of the method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms proposed by the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is with the methods experiment for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms proposed by the present invention
The schematic diagram of measurement；
Fig. 5-13 is respectively the bidimensional for screening parameter along the waveform that length is screened with after using different signal lengths
Distribution；
Figure 14 is obtained with the method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms proposed by the present invention
α/the γ for arriving screens spectrum.
Specific embodiment
Below from principle of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments to proposed by the present invention based on digitized wave forms reality
When screen α/γ mixed radiation field particles method be further described：
CsI (Tl) is cesium iodide,crystal inorganic scintillation crystal, and density is big, and average atomic number is high, and launching light spectral peak exists
Between 540nm~550nm.CsI (Tl) crystal is coupled with the photomultiplier that spectral response matches, and constitutes CsI (Tl)
Inorganic scintillation detector.When α and γ incidence CsI (Tl) detector, the density of ionization of two kinds of particles in CsI (Tl) is different.α
During sub- incidence scintillator, energy deposited density is larger, and the fluorescent pulse die-away time for exciting is shorter；And during gamma ray incidence,
Energy deposited density is smaller, and the fluorescent pulse die-away time for exciting is more long.So, during decay of luminescence in CsI (Tl) of α, γ
Between it is different, the single-particle signal waveform of α, γ for being exported by photomultiplier is also just different, and it is exactly according to signal shape that waveform is screened
The difference of shape differentiates the species of incoming particle, and Fig. 1 is the impulse wave of α, γ particle after normalization in CsI (Tl) detector
Shape, it can thus be seen that α, γ signal are all musec orders, but γ signals are more long than the die-away time of alpha signal, accordingly, can screen α, γ
Signal.
Fig. 2 is a kind of method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms proposed by the present invention
Structured flowchart, system receives software etc. and constitutes by signal condition, AD conversion, algorithm performs and parameter, during FPGA is algorithm performs
Master controller and data processor.The anode signal of detector output is amplified through Signal-regulated kinase, filter is made an uproar, and switchs to difference letter
Number it is digitized examination in real time.DE2-115 exploitations of the FPGA from embedded Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29 types
Plate；AD conversion module selects the Altera Data Conversion HSMC capture cards of embedded 14 AD9524 types ADC,
AD9524 is operated under 100MSPS sample rates.Parameter receives software and is based on RS232 serial ports, is developed by Visual Basic 6.0,
The examination parameter real-time storage that will can be received can call database displaying to screen parameter in mdb formatted data library files
Two dimensional Distribution and examination are composed.
Fig. 3 is the design of the method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms proposed by the present invention
Schematic diagram, 3 modules such as including PLL_1, Charge_Comparison_Method and Uart_RS232.PLL_1 is clock mould
Block, the clock signal of fixed frequency is provided using the phase-locked loop inside FPGA for other modules.With DE2-115 development boards
50MHz crystal oscillators are input clock, and after frequency multiplication and frequency dividing, PLL_1 outputs are respectively the 100MHz of 0 degree of phase and 180 degree phase
The clock signal of frequency and the clock signal of 1.84MHz frequencies.
Charge_Comparison_Method modules are to screen the core of algorithm, with 14 data after digitlization
It is input, output includes characterizing the counter signals counter_distance [31..0] in two sigtnal intervals, is used to record event
The counter signals counter_event [19..0] of number, and resultant signal integration amount q_total [15..0] and after along signal
Integration amount q_slow [15..0].
The algorithm that the module is performed comprises the following steps：
(1) digitized signal is sent into the FIFO cachings in FPGA, FIFO digitized sampling values are read in pointwise；
(2) if the amplitude of sampled point exceedes default activation threshold value, continuous 5 sampled points after the sampled point are judged
Whether value is satisfied by threshold condition；
(3) if meeting, since first sampled point for meeting threshold condition, continuously 276 sampled point storages are existed
In the register group of equal length, for subsequent treatment；If all not meeting threshold condition, do not stored.
Threshold decision in step (2) and step (3) can reduce the resource occupation of FPGA, improve processing speed, suppress
Substantial amounts of noise by a small margin and baseline noise, and can suppress by photomultiplier fast pulse noise that (pulse signal half-breadth is about
The false triggering for 10ns) causing.
(4) data stored in register group are read, event count module is sent into all the way, export the meter of record event number
Number device signal counter_event [19..0], and show event count in Liquid Crystal Module；
(5) the 261st to 276 sampled point is taken for background signal, is taken digitlization average value and is eliminated as baseline average
Baseline noise to resultant signal integration amount and after along signal integration amount influence；
(6) the 1st to 260 sampled point is digitized into the accumulative addition of amplitude, subtracts 260 baseline averages, obtain waveform
Screen one of parameter：Resultant signal integration amount q_total [15..0]；
(7) by the 50th to the 199 sampled point accumulative addition of digitlization amplitude after signal peak, 150 baselines are subtracted average
Value, obtains waveform screens parameter two；Afterwards along signal integration amount q_slow [15..0], during signal peak is 276 sampled points
Maximum；
Uart_RS232 modules will screen parameter q_total [15..0] by RS232 serial ports and q_slow [15..0] send
Enter host computer acquisition software.The bit rate that RS232 serial ports is used is 115200bps, in Uart_RS232 modules, devises two
Individual two-port RAM, the examination parameter that Charge_Comparison_Method modules send is write under 100MHz clock controls
Enter dual port RAM, when dual port RAM writes full, 16 RAM datas are transmitted to host computer under 1.84MHz clock controls.Serial ports sends mould
Block can will eliminate the examination parameter (resultant signal integration amount, after along signal integration amount) of baseline influence by the string based on VB language
Mouth acquisition software is transferred to host computer, stores in database, and examination result can be in real time shown with figure.Counter signals
Counter_distance [31..0] is used for controlling to screen the time point in parameter read-in RAM.
Fig. 4 is with the methods experiment for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms proposed by the present invention
The schematic diagram of measurement：Diameter 30mm, cylindrical CsI (Tl) mineral crystals of thickness 35mm and the 9813 direct couplings of type photomultiplier
Close and constitute CsI (Tl) detector.Anode signal is sent into ADC by detector, and FPGA receives ADC digital signal and discriminated in real time
Not.RS232 serial ports will screen parameter and be transferred to host computer, and JTAG chains are used for that FPGA will be downloaded to by examination algorithm in real time.In experiment,
The γ sources for using for60(activity is 10 to Co4Bq), α sources are241(activity is 10 to Am5Bq)。
Fig. 5-13 is respectively the bidimensional for screening parameter along the waveform that length is screened with after using different signal lengths
Distribution, coordinate values are digitlization units, only represent size, pair as if the 2000 γ particles and 2000 α particles that collect,
Design parameter sets as shown in table 1：
The experiment parameter of table 1 is set
Table 2 gives the examination quality factor under each parameter setting, and quality factor is to characterize α/γ discrimination capabilities
Parameter, its value composes the distance and the ratio of two Gauss peak width sums of two Gaussian peaks on (see Figure 14) to screen, and quality factor is got over
Greatly, examination effect is represented better.
The different parameters of table 2 set lower examination quality factor (" " representative can not screen two kinds of particles)
Be can be seen that by Fig. 5-13 and table 2：
A, the timing of signal length one, after fixed along signal spacing end, more rearward, it is better to screen effect for initiating terminal because
The difference of waveform is mainly reflected in signal trailing edge one section of interval from peak value farther out, different as initiating terminal is away from peak
The feature on edge is strengthened after particle signal, so that screen effect improving；
B, the timing of signal length one, after fixed along signal spacing initiating terminal, more rearward, it is better to screen effect for end, this
Equally be due to reason described in a, end more rearward, unlike signal it is rear more obvious along feature；
C, signal length are different, after along an interval timing, after the proportion that is accounted in resultant signal integration amount along signal integration amount
It is bigger, screen effect better；
Signal length be 2.6 μ s, after along length be peak value after 50-199 sampled point when, real-time discrimination system to α/
The examination best results of γ particles, screen quality factor up to 1.4152, screen spectrum as shown in figure 14.Transverse axis is accumulated after being along signal
The ratio of component and resultant signal integration amount, without unit, the longitudinal axis is event count, and unit is individual, each 2000 things of α and γ in figure
Part, under optimized parameter setting, FPGA meets 260 sampling point sequence (μ of signal length 2.6 of threshold condition receiving
S) after, parameter can will be screened within follow-up 40 clock cycle (0.4 μ s) and is sent to host computer, i.e., real-time discrimination system can be
The examination parameter of simple grain subsignal is provided in 3 μ s, event count rate is up to 3 × 105/ the second, screen result accurate, reliable.
From the point of view of being analyzed more than, after along the interval selection of signal be the key factor that influences the method to screen effect, afterwards edge
Interval is long, and away from signal peak position, the examination effect that can be obtained.But, under signal specific length, rear edge long
It is interval and be conflicting away from peak, in actual parameter setting, to weigh the relation of the two, blindly optimize single
One parameter, cannot preferably screen effect.
Claims (4)
1. the method for screening α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digitized wave forms, it is characterised in that：The real-time examination
Equipment used by method includes cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector, A/D converter circuit, FPGA and host computer, described to mix thallium iodine
Change caesium Inorganic scintillation detector passes sequentially through A/D converter circuit and FPGA is connected with host computer,
The step of examination, is specific as follows：
1) α/gamma-rays is incided on cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector, collection cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector
Anode signal, digitized signal is converted to through the A/D converter circuit of 14bit, 100MSPS；
2) FPGA carries out pointwise threshold decision to digitized signal, and threshold preset is digitlization range value, and span is 8500-
9500, the signal to meeting threshold condition carries out shunting treatment, all the way to screen data flow, parameter is screened for extracting；All the way
Feeding event count module, for showing event count in Liquid Crystal Module；The step is specific as follows：
2.1) digitized signal is sent into the FIFO cachings in FPGA, FIFO digitized sampling values are read in pointwise；
2.2) if the amplitude of sampled point exceedes default activation threshold value, continuous 5 sampling point values after the sampled point are judged
Whether activation threshold value is exceeded；
2.3) if so, then since first sampled point for meeting threshold condition, continuously by 276 sampled points storages with sampling
In the register group of length equal length, for subsequent treatment；If it is not, not stored then；
2.4) data stored in register group are read, wherein feeding algorithm screens module all the way, parameter is screened for extracting；
3) waveform is extracted from data flow is screened and screens parameter, send into serial ports sending module, be sent to host computer；
The step is specific as follows：
3.1) the 261st to 276 sampled point is taken for background signal, digitlization average value is taken as baseline average, is designated as
Vbase-line；
3.2) the 1st to 260 sampled point is digitized into the accumulative addition of amplitude, subtracts 260 baseline averages, obtain waveform examination
One of parameter resultant signal integration amount, is designated as q_total；
3.3) by the 50th to the 199 sampled point accumulative addition of digitlization amplitude after signal peak, 150 baseline averages are subtracted,
Obtain waveform screen parameter two after along signal integration amount, be designated as q_slow；
3.4) by resultant signal integration amount q_total and after along signal integration amount q_slow by Serial Port Transmission to host computer；
4) host computer receives and screens parameter and show that examination parameter Two dimensional Distribution and α/γ screen spectrum.
2. it is as claimed in claim 1 to be based on the method that digitized wave forms screen α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time, its feature
It is：The step 1) in also include signal condition the step of, specifically：By the anode of cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector
Signal is converted to differential signal, and feeding A/D converter circuit is digitized sampling.
3. it is as claimed in claim 1 to be based on the method that digitized wave forms screen α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time, its feature
It is：The FPGA is turned from the DE2-115 development boards for embedding Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29 types, the AD
Change Altera Data Conversion HSMC capture card of the circuit from embedded 14 AD9524 types ADC.
4. it is as claimed in claim 3 to be based on the method that digitized wave forms screen α/γ mixed radiation field particles in real time, its feature
It is：The step 1) in also include signal condition the step of, specifically：By the anode of cesium iodide,crystal Inorganic scintillation detector
Signal is converted to differential signal, and feeding A/D converter circuit is digitized sampling.
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| CN105068111A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-18 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Acquisition, storage and analysis system of neutron spectrometer |
| CN109696703A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-04-30 | 明峰医疗系统股份有限公司 | A kind of efficient scintillation crystal performance measurement method |
| CN113126140A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中核控制系统工程有限公司 | System and method for real-time discrimination of high-speed digital n/gamma waveforms |
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