CN104155674A - Method for discriminating alpha/gamma mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digital waveform - Google Patents
Method for discriminating alpha/gamma mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digital waveform Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear radiation measurement and particle measurement, and particularly relates to a method for discriminating alpha/gamma mixed radiation field particles in real time based on digital waveform. The real-time discrimination method comprises the following steps: anode signals of a CsI (Tl) detector are acquired, and are converted by a 100MSPS ADC into digital signals; the thresholds of the digital signals are judged, the signals meeting the threshold condition are processed in two data flows, one data flow is used for counting, and the other data flow is used for discrimination; waveform discrimination parameters are extracted, sent to a serial transmission module, and sent to an upper computer; and upper computer software receives the discrimination parameters and displays the two-dimensional distribution of the discrimination parameters and the alpha/gamma discrimination spectrum. The problems such as huge system and poor stability of a traditional discrimination method and low efficiency of a digital off-line discrimination method are solved. The method of the invention has the advantages of accurate and reliable algorithm, simple and portable system, real-time discrimination capability, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear radiation measurement and particle measurement technical field, the particle that can be used for α/γ mixed radiation field is differentiated in real time.
Background technology
α/gamma-rays incides on CsI (Tl) scintillation detector, the photoelectric pulse signal shape forming is different, it is according to the difference of signal shape, to differentiate the nuclear physical diagnosis technology of incident particle kind that waveform is screened, and in dark matter detection, neutrino detection, survey of deep space and nuclear reaction differential cross-section are measured, has important application.
The waveform of traditional approach is screened based on Analog Electronics Technique, need special-purpose nuclear instrument plug-in unit or adopt microcomputer automatically to measure and control system, though can realize in real time, screen, instrument is complicated, system is huge, pulsimeter digit rate is low, poor stability, and discriminating method is single.
Brand-new space has been opened up in the waveform examination that develops into of digital technology, based on digitized thought, first detector signal is carried out to digitized sampling, then sends into host computer and carries out off-line examination.This makes to replace huge simulation plug-in unit with digitized instruments such as oscillographs becomes possibility, greatly dwindled system scale, and discriminating method is more flexible, but this mode can not be exported examination result in real time, and examination efficiency is low.
It is the developing direction of nuclear physical diagnosis technology that digitized signal is processed, waveform portable, real time implementation is screened and can be effectively embedded in based in digitized nuclear physics electronic system, compare and saved a large amount of hardware components with traditional analog mode, compare with digital off-line examination mode and greatly improved speed and precision that waveform is screened, significant.
Summary of the invention
System complex, poor stability and the digitizing off-line waveform of for solving traditional waveform, screening mode are screened the problems such as inefficiency of mode, the invention provides a kind of method of screening in real time α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms, utilize the integration amount of pulse back edge signal integration amount and resultant signal to realize the real-time examination of α/γ digitized wave forms.
Technical solution of the present invention:
Based on digitized wave forms, screen in real time the method for α/γ mixed radiation field particle, its special character is: described real-time discriminating method equipment used comprises the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal, A/D convertor circuit, FPGA and host computer, the inorganic scintillation detector of described cesium iodide,crystal is connected with host computer by A/D convertor circuit and FPGA successively
The step of screening is specific as follows:
1) α/gamma-rays incides on the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal, gathers the anode signal of the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal, through the A/D convertor circuit of 14bit, 100MSPS, is converted to digitized signal;
2) FPGA carries out pointwise threshold decision to digitized signal, and threshold value is preset as digitizing range value, and span is 8500-9500, to meeting the signal of threshold condition, shunts processing, and wherein You Yi road is for screening data stream;
3) from screen data stream, extract waveform and screen parameter, send into serial ports sending module, send to host computer;
4) host computer receives and screens parameter and show that examination parameter Two dimensional Distribution and α/γ screen spectrum.
Above-mentioned steps 2) specific as follows:
2.1) digitized signal is sent into the FIFO buffer memory in FPGA, FIFO digitized sampling value is read in pointwise;
2.2), if the amplitude of sampled point surpasses default activation threshold value, judge that whether continuous 5 sampling point value after this sampled point are all over activation threshold value;
2.3), the sampled point that if so, meets threshold condition from first, continuously 276 sampled points are stored in the register group with sampling length equal length, for subsequent treatment; If not, do not store;
2.4) read the data of storing in register group, wherein a road is sent into algorithm and is screened module, for extracting examination parameter.
Above-mentioned steps 3) specific as follows:
3.1) getting the 261st to 276 sampled points is background signal, gets digitizing mean value as baseline average, is designated as V
base-line;
3.2) the 1st to 260 sampled point numeralization amplitude accumulative totals are added, deduct 260 baseline average, obtain waveform and screen one of parameter resultant signal integration amount, be designated as q_total;
3.3) the 50th to 199 sampled point numeralization amplitudes accumulative total after signal peak is added, deducts 150 baseline average, obtain waveform and screen the two rear along signal integration amount of parameter, be designated as q_slow;
3.4) by resultant signal integration amount q_total and be transferred to host computer along signal integration amount q_slow by serial ports afterwards.
Above-mentioned steps 2) signal that meets threshold value in is shunted processing, and wherein You Yi road is enumeration data stream, and described enumeration data stream is for presented event counting.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, also comprise the step of signal condition, specifically: the anode signal of the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal is converted to differential signal, sends into A/D convertor circuit and carry out digitized sampling.
Above-mentioned FPGA selects the DE2-115 development board of embedded Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29 type, and described A/D convertor circuit is selected the Altera Data Conversion HSMC capture card of the AD9524 type ADC of embedded 14.
Above-mentioned FPGA selects the DE2-115 development board of embedded Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29 type, and described A/D convertor circuit is selected the Altera Data Conversion HSMC capture card of the AD9524 type ADC of embedded 14.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, also comprise the step of signal condition, specifically: the anode signal of the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal is converted to differential signal, sends into A/D convertor circuit and carry out digitized sampling.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has with respect to prior art:
1, the present invention has overcome the shortcoming and defect that traditional waveform is screened bulky, the poor stability of mode, makes that discrimination system is portable, good stability.
2, the present invention has overcome the shortcoming of digitizing off-line waveform examination inefficiency, can screen in real time, and counting rate reaches 3 * 10
5/ s, screens in real time quality factor and is greater than 1.4.
3, discriminating method of the present invention is simple, reliable, can be embedded into digitizing nuclear electronics system, forms the nuclear electronic instrument of miniaturization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is α, the pulse waveform of γ particle in CsI (Tl) detector after normalization;
Fig. 2 be the present invention propose based on digitized wave forms, screen in real time the structured flowchart of the method for α/γ mixed radiation field particle;
Fig. 3 be the present invention propose based on digitized wave forms, screen in real time the design concept figure of the method for α/γ mixed radiation field particle;
Fig. 4 be with the present invention, propose based on digitized wave forms, screen in real time the schematic diagram that the methods experiment of α/γ mixed radiation field particle is measured;
Fig. 5-13 are respectively that the bidimensional that adopts different signal lengths and the rear waveform of screening along length to screen parameter distributes;
Figure 14 is screening in real time based on digitized wave forms α/γ that the method for α/γ mixed radiation field particle obtains and screening spectrum of proposing with the present invention.
Embodiment
The method of screening in real time α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments the present invention being proposed from principle of the present invention below is further introduced:
CsI (Tl) is cesium iodide,crystal inorganic scintillation crystal, and density is large, and average atomic number is high, and emission spectrum peak is between 540nm～550nm.The photomultiplier that CsI (Tl) crystal and spectral response match is coupled, and forms the inorganic scintillation detector of CsI (Tl).When α and γ incident CsI (Tl) detector, two kinds of particles density of ionization in CsI (Tl) is different.During α particle incident scintillator, energy deposited density is larger, and the fluorescent pulse exciting is shorter die-away time; And during gamma ray incident, energy deposited density is less, the fluorescent pulse exciting is longer die-away time.Like this, α, the γ luminescence decay time in CsI (Tl) is different, the single-particle signal waveform of the α being exported by photomultiplier, γ is also just different, it is exactly according to the difference of signal shape, to differentiate the kind of incident particle that waveform is screened, and Fig. 1 is α, the pulse waveform of γ particle in CsI (Tl) detector after normalization, can see, α, γ signal are all microsecond magnitudes, but γ signal is longer than the die-away time of alpha signal, accordingly, can screen α, γ signal.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structured flowchart of screening in real time the method for α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms that the present invention proposes, system consists of signal condition, AD conversion, algorithm execution and parameter reception software etc., and FPGA is the executory master controller of algorithm and data processor.The anode signal of detector output through signal condition module amplify, filter makes an uproar, transfer differential signal to and carry out digitizing and screen in real time.FPGA selects the DE2-115 development board of embedded Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29 type; AD modular converter is selected the Altera Data Conversion HSMC capture card of the AD9524 type ADC of embedded 14, and AD9524 is operated under 100MSPS sampling rate.Parameter receives software based on RS232 serial ports, by Visual Basic 6.0 exploitations, can be by the examination parameter real-time storage receiving in mdb formatted data library file, and can calling data storehouse show and screen parameter Two dimensional Distribution and screen spectrum.
Fig. 3 be the present invention propose based on digitized wave forms, screen in real time the design concept figure of the method for α/γ mixed radiation field particle, comprise 3 modules such as PLL_1, Charge_Comparison_Method and Uart_RS232.PLL_1 is clock module, and the phase-locked loop that utilizes FPGA inside provides the clock signal of fixed frequency for other module.The 50MHz crystal oscillator of DE2-115 development board of take is input clock, and after frequency multiplication and frequency division, PLL_1 output is respectively the clock signal of 100MHz frequency and the clock signal of 1.84MHz frequency of 0 degree phase place and 180 degree phase places.
Charge_Comparison_Method module is the core of screening algorithm, 14 bit data of take after digitizing are input, output comprises the counter signals counter_distance[31..0 that characterized for two sigtnal intervals], in order to the counter signals counter_event[19..0 of recording events number], and resultant signal integration amount q_total[15..0] and rear along signal integration amount q_slow[15..0].
The algorithm that this module is carried out comprises the steps:
(1) digitized signal is sent into the FIFO buffer memory in FPGA, FIFO digitized sampling value is read in pointwise;
(2) if the amplitude of sampled point surpasses default activation threshold value, judge whether continuous 5 sampling point value after this sampled point all meet threshold condition;
(3), if meet, the sampled point that meets threshold condition from first, continuously 276 sampled points are stored in the register group of equal length to confession subsequent treatment; If all do not meet threshold condition, do not store.
Threshold decision in step (2) and step (3) can reduce the resource occupation of FPGA, improve processing speed, suppress a large amount of noise by a small margin and baseline noises, and can suppress the false triggering that caused by photomultiplier fast pulse noise (the about 10ns of pulse signal half-breadth).
(4) read the data of storing in register group, event count module is sent on a road, the counter signals counter_event[19..0 of output recording events number], and count in Liquid Crystal Module presented event;
(5) getting the 261st to 276 sampled points is background signal, gets digitizing mean value as baseline average, eliminates baseline noise to resultant signal integration amount and the rear impact along signal integration amount;
(6) the 1st to 260 sampled point numeralization amplitude accumulative totals are added, deduct 260 baseline average, obtain waveform and screen one of parameter: resultant signal integration amount q_total[15..0];
(7) the 50th to 199 sampled point numeralization amplitude accumulative totals after signal peak are added, deduct 150 baseline average, obtain waveform and screen two of parameter; Afterwards along signal integration amount q_slow[15..0], signal peak is 276 maximal values in sampled point;
Uart_RS232 module will be screened parameter q _ total[15..0 by RS232 serial ports] and q_slow[15..0] send into host computer acquisition software.The bit rate that RS232 serial ports is used is 115200bps, in Uart_RS232 module, two two-port RAMs have been designed, the examination parameter that Charge_Comparison_Method module is sent writes dual port RAM under 100MHz clock control, when dual port RAM, write completely, under 1.84MHz clock control, to host computer, transmit 16 RAM data.Serial ports sending module can be transferred to host computer by the serial ports acquisition software based on VB language by the examination parameter (resultant signal integration amount, rear along signal integration amount) of having eliminated baseline impact, is stored in database, and can shows in real time examination result with figure.Counter signals counter_distance[31..0] be used for control screening the time point in parameter read-in RAM.
Fig. 4 be with the present invention, propose based on digitized wave forms, screen in real time the schematic diagram that the methods experiment of α/γ mixed radiation field particle is measured: cylindrical CsI (Tl) mineral crystal of diameter 30mm, thickness 35mm and 9813 type photomultiplier direct-couplings formation CsI (Tl) detector.Detector is sent anode signal into ADC, and FPGA receives ADC digitized signal and screens in real time.RS232 serial ports is transferred to host computer by examination parameter, and JTAG chain is used for downloading to FPGA by screening in real time algorithm.In experiment, the γ source of employing is
60(activity is 10 to Co
4bq), α source is
241(activity is 10 to Am
5bq).
Fig. 5-13 are respectively that the bidimensional that adopts different signal lengths and the rear waveform of screening along length to screen parameter distributes, coordinate values is digitizing unit, only represent size, to as if 2000 the γ particles and 2000 the α particles that collect, design parameter arranges as shown in table 1:
The setting of table 1 experiment parameter
Table 2 has provided the examination quality factor under each parameter arranges, quality factor is to characterize the parameter that α/γ screens ability, its value is for screening the spectrum distance of (seeing Figure 14) upper two Gaussian peaks and the ratio of two Gaussian peak halfwidth sums, and quality factor is larger, and representative examination effect is better.
Examination quality factor under table 2 different parameters arranges (" " represent and can not screen two kinds of particles)
By Fig. 5-13 and table 2, can be found out:
A, signal length one are regularly, along signal spacing end, fix afterwards, after initiating terminal more leans on, screen effect better, because the difference of waveform be mainly reflected in signal trailing edge from peak value one section of interval away from, along with initiating terminal is away from peak, after different particle signals, the feature on edge is strengthened, thereby make to screen effect, improves;
B, signal length one regularly, fixes along signal spacing initiating terminal afterwards, after end more leans on, screens effect better, and this is due to reason described in a too, after end more leans on, and unlike signal rear more obvious along feature;
C, signal length difference, it is rear that along an interval timing, the rear proportion accounting in resultant signal integration amount along signal integration amount is larger, and examination effect is better;
Signal length be 2.6 μ s, rear along length, be peak value after during 50-199 sampled point, the examination best results of discrimination system to α/γ particle, screens quality factor and can reach 1.4152 in real time, screens spectrum as shown in figure 14.Transverse axis is the rear ratio along signal integration amount and resultant signal integration amount, without unit, the longitudinal axis is event count, unit is individual, each 2000 events of α and γ in figure, under this optimized parameter arranges, FPGA is after receiving 260 the sampled point sequences (signal length 2.6 μ s) that meet threshold condition, can within 40 follow-up clock period (0.4 μ s), examination parameter be sent to host computer, be that real-time discrimination system can provide the examination parameter of single-particle signal in 3 μ s, event count rate can reach 3 * 10
5/ second, screen result accurately, reliably.
From above analysis, the rear interval selection along signal is to affect the key factor that the method is screened effect, rear along interval long, and away from signal peak position, the examination effect that can obtain.But, under signal specific length, long along interval and be conflicting away from peak, when actual parameter arranges, weigh the relation of the two afterwards, blindly optimize single parameter, can not get desirable examination effect.
Claims (8)
1. based on digitized wave forms, screen in real time the method for α/γ mixed radiation field particle, it is characterized in that: described real-time discriminating method equipment used comprises the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal, A/D convertor circuit, FPGA and host computer, the inorganic scintillation detector of described cesium iodide,crystal is connected with host computer by A/D convertor circuit and FPGA successively
The step of screening is specific as follows:
1) α/gamma-rays incides on the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal, gathers the anode signal of the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal, through the A/D convertor circuit of 14bit, 100MSPS, is converted to digitized signal;
2) FPGA carries out pointwise threshold decision to digitized signal, and threshold value is preset as digitizing range value, and span is 8500-9500, to meeting the signal of threshold condition, shunts processing, and wherein You Yi road is for screening data stream;
3) from screen data stream, extract waveform and screen parameter, send into serial ports sending module, send to host computer;
4) host computer receives and screens parameter and show that examination parameter Two dimensional Distribution and α/γ screen spectrum.
2. method of screening in real time α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) specific as follows:
2.1) digitized signal is sent into the FIFO buffer memory in FPGA, FIFO digitized sampling value is read in pointwise;
2.2), if the amplitude of sampled point surpasses default activation threshold value, judge that whether continuous 5 sampling point value after this sampled point are all over activation threshold value;
2.3), the sampled point that if so, meets threshold condition from first, continuously 276 sampled points are stored in the register group with sampling length equal length, for subsequent treatment; If not, do not store;
2.4) read the data of storing in register group, wherein a road is sent into algorithm and is screened module, for extracting examination parameter.
3. method of screening in real time α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described step 3) specific as follows:
3.1) getting the 261st to 276 sampled points is background signal, gets digitizing mean value as baseline average, is designated as Vbase-line;
3.2) the 1st to 260 sampled point numeralization amplitude accumulative totals are added, deduct 260 baseline average, obtain waveform and screen one of parameter resultant signal integration amount, be designated as q_total;
3.3) the 50th to 199 sampled point numeralization amplitudes accumulative total after signal peak is added, deducts 150 baseline average, obtain waveform and screen the two rear along signal integration amount of parameter, be designated as q_slow;
3.4) by resultant signal integration amount q_total and be transferred to host computer along signal integration amount q_slow by serial ports afterwards.
4. the method for screening in real time α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3,
It is characterized in that: the signal that meets threshold value described step 2) is shunted processing, wherein You Yi road is enumeration data stream, and described enumeration data stream is for presented event counting.
5. method of screening in real time α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the step that also comprises signal condition described step 1), specifically: the anode signal of the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal is converted to differential signal, sends into A/D convertor circuit and carry out digitized sampling.
6. the method for screening in real time α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: described FPGA selects the DE2-115 development board of embedded Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29 type, described A/D convertor circuit is selected the Altera Data Conversion HSMC capture card of the AD9524 type ADC of embedded 14.
7. method of screening in real time α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described FPGA selects the DE2-115 development board of embedded Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29 type, described A/D convertor circuit is selected the Altera Data Conversion HSMC capture card of the AD9524 type ADC of embedded 14.
8. method of screening in real time α/γ mixed radiation field particle based on digitized wave forms as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the step that also comprises signal condition described step 1), specifically: the anode signal of the inorganic scintillation detector of cesium iodide,crystal is converted to differential signal, sends into A/D convertor circuit and carry out digitized sampling.
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| CN115390127A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-25 | 西北核技术研究所 | Fast neutron flux high signal-to-noise ratio monitoring method and system |
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| CN113126140A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中核控制系统工程有限公司 | System and method for real-time discrimination of high-speed digital n/gamma waveforms |
| CN115390127A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-25 | 西北核技术研究所 | Fast neutron flux high signal-to-noise ratio monitoring method and system |
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