CN104155640B - A kind of laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester possessing sampled point timi requirement - Google Patents

A kind of laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester possessing sampled point timi requirement Download PDF

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CN104155640B
CN104155640B CN201410401846.6A CN201410401846A CN104155640B CN 104155640 B CN104155640 B CN 104155640B CN 201410401846 A CN201410401846 A CN 201410401846A CN 104155640 B CN104155640 B CN 104155640B
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CN104155640A (en
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郭颖
舒嵘
徐敏
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Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486Receivers
    • G01S7/4861Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester possessing sampled point timi requirement, belongs to earth observation laser radar remote sensing technical field.This Full wave shape harvester is made up of main control module, high-speed ADC sampling module, high speed FIFO cache module, interpolative delay wire module, high speed coarse counter module and fine coding module of measuring, and in addition to high-speed ADC sampling module, all realizes inside FPGA.It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester obtained in a comparatively simple manner with sampled point precise time location.Utilize the frequency-dividing clock that high-speed ADC sampling clock synchronizes as thick counting clock, control to preserve echo samples point data in regular hour interval, utilize interpolative delay chain that the time interval between main wave impulse and thick counting clock edge is finely measured simultaneously, thus obtain relative laser and launch the echo samples point that main wave impulse has precise time to position.It is simple that the present invention has peripheral circuit, it is achieved mode is simple and clear, functional interface flexibly configurable and cost performance advantages of higher.

Description

A kind of laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester possessing sampled point timi requirement
Technical field
The invention belongs to earth observation laser radar remote sensing technical field, specifically refer to one when possessing sampled point Between the laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester of positioning function.
Background technology
Earth observation laser radar system is a kind of for the space-based platform such as aircraft and satellite, can accurately, soon Speed obtains ground and the active optical remote sensing system of ground target three-dimensional spatial information.With other remote sensing technologies Comparing, it is low that laser radar technique has production cost, and automaticity is high, affected little, data life by weather The technological merits such as the product cycle is short, certainty of measurement is high.Hide additionally, due to laser pulse energy partly penetrates forest Gear, directly acquisition true ground high-precision three-dimensional terrain information, therefore have traditional photography measuring method without The substituted superiority of method.
Earth observation laser radar system develops from laser ranging technique, travels to and fro between machine by measurement Light path between carrying platform and ground survey point also combines airborne platform self attitude and position measurement determines Topocentric three-dimensional coordinate.Laser instrument is generated and transmitted by discrete laser pulse, beats on the object of earth's surface the most anti- Penetrating, reception system can receive the echo impulse of reflection over time, accurately measures laser pulse from sending out Be mapped to the propagation time Δ T being reflected back toward, in conjunction with the light velocity c in air, can calculate earth's surface object away from From R.Measure system (Position And Orientation System, POS) by position and attitude to obtain The space coordinates of any sampling instant lasing central and the spatial attitude of equipment on flight path, in conjunction with Laser Measuring Amount lasing central, to distance R of ground object, just can try to achieve the space three-dimensional of each laser footprint point Coordinate.Adding certain electromechanical equipment makes laser instrument swing at an angle, then along with platform Flight, can obtain the three-dimensional coordinate of the cake in large quantities of certain fabric width, processes through data and can generate number Word elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, DEM) and digital surface model (Digital Slope Model, DSM).
Traditional laser radar system only records the discrete limited number of time echo launching laser, and echo is general first For setting up the DSM surveying district, then remove non-ground points by certain algorithm, just can obtain the DEM surveying district. But, this mode shields many device-dependent useful informations to user, as how echo-signal is measured Being melted into the most discrete pulse signal, what impact is the shapes and sizes of the atural object characteristic echo-signal on obtaining have Etc..The laser radar system of a new generation has possessed echo Full wave shape sampling functions, is mainly characterized by with the least Sampling interval the laser radar echo signal from target is carried out sample record, form one and become in time The echo-signal changed.User completely can be according to Wave data, in conjunction with its application to echo waveform data It is analyzed and processes, complex target imaging can be realized by waveform sorting and inversion algorithm and feature is known Not and extract.Comparing multiecho laser radar, Full wave shape laser radar can provide more target information.
Common laser radar echo Full wave shape digitizing solution is directly to use high-speed ADC chip (sample rate More than 1GS/s) carry out Wave data collection.But the echo waveform that this method obtains does not possesses and launches master Wave impulse split-second precision positions, and its precision depends on the sampling period (under sample rate 1GS/s, precision is 1ns). Utilize this Wave data to cannot be carried out high-precision echo waveform to decompose and feature extraction.The most accurately measure Waveform sampling point and the time relationship launching main wave impulse, it is thus achieved that include the Wave data of sampled point timi requirement To high accuracy echo waveform analyze for particularly significant." a kind of high speed Full wave shape gathers with high-precision fixed document Position technical research " propose a kind of method, utilize time figure conversion (Time to Digital Convert, TDC) first chip obtains launching main wave impulse and echo impulse triggers the high precision time interval between the moment, Recycling time explanation method records echo impulse and triggers the precise time of moment and first sampled point thereafter Interval, so can obtain each sampled point of echo waveform according to sampling period relation and launch between pulse Precise time interval relation.The deficiency of this method is that peripheral circuit structure is more and (includes FPGA, height Speed ADC chip, in high precision TDC chip and time explanation circuit) and implementation complex.China is specially Profit CN1719353A propose a kind of FPGA inner utilization carry chain temporal interpolation realize high-precision time Between digital conversion method.The present invention enters utilizing FPGA internal carry chain temporal interpolation in this patent of reference The part of row fine measurement, proposes one and is based only upon FPGA and high-speed ADC chip, when possessing sampled point Between the laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester of positioning function.
Summary of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of laser radar echo Full wave shape possessing sampled point timi requirement to adopt Storage, thus it is complete to obtain the laser radar echo with sampled point precise time location in a comparatively simple manner Waveform decomposes and feature extraction for waveform.
The key problem in technology of the present invention is that the frequency-dividing clock utilizing high-speed ADC sampling clock to synchronize is as thick counting Clock, controls to preserve echo samples point data in regular hour interval, utilizes interpolative delay chain pair simultaneously Time interval between main wave impulse and thick counting clock edge is finely measured, thus obtains relative laser and send out Penetrate the echo samples point that main wave impulse has precise time to position.
It is an object of the invention to be realized by following technological approaches.
The present invention discloses a kind of laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester possessing sampled point timi requirement, it by A piece of fpga chip and a piece of high-speed ADC sampling A/D chip composition, FPGA is for building the master control mould of harvester Block, high speed coarse counter module, high speed FIFO cache module, interpolative delay chain module and finely measure volume Code module, high-speed ADC sampling A/D chip is for building the high-speed ADC sampling module of harvester.High-speed ADC is adopted Sample chip sampling rate is passed through integrated phase lock core to more than 1Gsps, sampling clock by high stable constant-temperature crystal oscillator Sheet frequency multiplication produces.Fpga chip possesses can generate the carry chain of ns level spread length for building interpolative delay Chain.Main control module is by FPGA internal state machine logic realization.High speed FIFO cache module by FPGA inside Storage resource realizes, and receives the high-speed data-flow of high-speed ADC output, caches Wave data.The thickest counting Device module is realized by FPGA inner high speed enumerator.Interpolative delay chain module is by the Carry Chains in FPGA Realize.Fine coding module of measuring is realized by the logical resource within FPGA.
During measurement, the main wave impulse of Laser emission enters interpolative delay chain module, and laser radar echo enters at a high speed ADC sampling module, the thick counting clock that high speed coarse counter module uses is by high-speed ADC sampling module Tong Bu with sampling clock and frequency dividing the synchrodata output clock of high-speed ADC chip provides, and main control module extracts Pulse travel time data in interpolative delay chain module, send into fine coding module of measuring and obtain main wave impulse With thick counting clock along the fine measurement result of time interval, main control module carries when main wave impulse arrives simultaneously Signal to high speed coarse counter module start counting up for touching, and the count value of coarse counter controls a timing Between interval in the sampled data stream write high speed FIFO cache module of high-speed ADC sampling module output.
This laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester possessing sampled point timi requirement is applied to carry out data acquisition The method of collection is as follows:
(1) master control module controls interpolative delay chain module latches along interpolative delay chain on each thick counting clock edge Data;
In measurement, master control module controls interpolative delay chain module latches interpolative delay on each thick counting clock edge Data on chain, if latch data non-full zero, represent the main wave impulse of Laser emission and enter interpolative delay chain.This Time latch result reflect the length passed by delay chain to thick counting clock of main wave impulse along this time interval Degree.
(2) the thick counting clock that main control module arrives in main wave impulse is along time trigger high speed coarse counter module Start counting up, simultaneously caching fine-time measurement module result;
If latch data occurs the most multiple 1 in interpolative delay chain module, then it is judged as that main ripple arrives, and This thick counting clock starts counting up along time trigger high speed coarse counter module.Cache now interpolative delay simultaneously Data on chain, send into fine-time and measure coding module and obtain main wave impulse and thick counting clock along between the time Every fine measurement result cache in a register.The resolution of this result is each delay on interpolative delay chain The time of unit.Under certain situation, the quantity of latch data continuous 1 is inadequate, represents main wave impulse and thick meter Number clocks are along closely, and now measurement result is easily subject to clock jitter effect, can be deferred to next slightly Counting clock is measured again.This just requires that the length of main pulse width and interpolative delay chain have to be larger than one slightly Counted clock cycle;
(3) main control module utilizes the count value of thick counting to control in regular hour interval to preserve echo and adopts Sampling point data;
Master control module controls starts at a high speed when high speed coarse counter module count value reaches and sets initial value The sampled data stream write high speed FIFO cache module of ADC sampling module output, when thick count value reaches to gather Write is stopped during counting step.Final high speed FIFO cache module have recorded from initial count to terminating meter The ADC sampled data comprising return laser beam that number is interior during this period of time.
(4) main control module reads fine-time interval data and echo samples point data, completes this and measures;
The fine-time interval of main control module readout register caching and the sample waveform data of FIFO caching, complete Become this to measure, wait that the most main wave impulse arrives.According to when measuring the main wave impulse obtained and slightly count The fine-time interval on clock edge, the initial value of thick counting and counting step value, thick counting clock and sampling clock Phase relation, the precise time interval of each sampled point and main wave impulse in FIFO caching can be calculated.
The present invention, based on FPGA and high-speed ADC chip, possesses following characteristics:
(1) compare the traditional method of acquisition echo Full wave shape, having and laser radar echo sampling can be clicked on The advantage of row timi requirement.Its benefit is that laser radar echo can carry out high-precision echo waveform decomposition And feature extraction;
(2) compare other methods that can realize echo samples point timi requirement, there is peripheral circuit simple, The advantage that implementation is simple and clear;
(3) it is based primarily upon fpga chip, there is function and interface flexibly configurable, cost performance advantages of higher;
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the ultimate principle block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the basic sequential chart of data acquisition of the present invention.
Fig. 3 be when main wave impulse and thick counting clock closely time processing method schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention:
Present invention is mainly applied to the acquisition of airborne earth observation laser radar echo Full wave shape sampled point, laser The Echo width of radar is typically at tens below ns.For high-precision echo Full wave shape is analyzed, ripple Shape sample rate needs to reach 1Gsps, sampled point timi requirement precision below 100ps to be reached.
The implementation method of the present invention is discussed in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with embodiment.
Embodiment
Such as Fig. 1, the laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester of the present invention, including high-speed ADC sampling module, High speed FIFO cache module, high speed coarse counter module, interpolative delay chain module, fine measurement encode mould Block and main control module.In addition to high-speed ADC sampling module, remaining all module all realizes inside FPGA, Fpga chip selects the XC4VLX80 of XILINX company.
ADC sampling module core is a piece of high-speed, high precision sampling ADC, uses National Semiconductor (existing Have been incorporated into Texas Instrument) ADC12D800, sampling bit wide 12bit, high sampling rate be 1.6Gsps.This Invention uses high stable 50MHz constant-temperature crystal oscillator to generate dutycycle by integrated phase lock chip SY89421V The low jitter 500MHz clock of 50% is as sampling clock, and ADC works in doubleclocking along sampling configuration, reaches 1GHz sample rate.ADC works in single clock along data output mode, and data output synchronised clock is 250MHz, Each synchronised clock is along 4 sampling point value of output.
High speed FIFO cache module uses the storage resource within FPGA to realize, and works in asynchronous FIFO mould Formula, bit wide is 48bit, and the degree of depth is 1000, and data input clock is the data output synchronised clock of ADC 250MHz, each clock 4 12bit sampling number evidences of input, write by enabling signal control data, 4000 sampled points of once recordable, cover time interval 4us.
High speed coarse counter module is realized by FPGA inner high speed enumerator, and thick counting clock is the number of ADC According to output synchronised clock 250MHz, a width of 12bit of meter digital, a counting cycle period reaches 16.384us, According to the light velocity 3 × 108Km/s, can receive the return laser beam of target reflection outside nearly 2.5km distance.Pass through Count value size controls the write of FIFO caching and enables, thus obtains echo samples point data and sampled point And the thick clock cycle between main ripple.
Interpolative delay chain module is realized by the Carry Chains unit in XILINX FPGA, delay cell length Being about 50ps, delay cell number is 100, and total length is about 5ns, exceedes thick counted clock cycle 4ns, Complete the temporal interpolation to thick counting clock.
Fine coding module of measuring is realized by FPGA internal logic resource, by the thermometer on interpolative delay chain Fine-time data between the main ripple of representation and thick clock edge are converted to binary numeral.
Main control module, by FPGA internal state machine logic realization, controls each module and works chronologically.
Introduce application below in conjunction with Fig. 2 and above-mentioned possess sampled point laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester number Method according to gathering:
(1) at each thick counting clock along the data latched on interpolative delay chain;
In measurement, at each thick counting clock along the data latched on interpolative delay chain, this clock is exactly ADC Data syn-chronization output clock 250MHz.The main wave impulse of Laser emission enters interpolative delay chain, latch data meeting Occur that multiple continuous print 1 is worth.This latch result represents main wave impulse to thick counting clock along this time interval The length passed by delay chain.
(2) the thick counting clock arrived in main wave impulse starts counting up along time trigger coarse counter, caching Fine-time measurement result;
If latch data occurs continuous 51 on interpolative delay chain, then it is judged as that main ripple arrives, and thick at this Counting clock starts counting up along time trigger coarse counter.Cache the data on now interpolative delay chain simultaneously, Obtain main wave impulse and the thick counting clock fine measurement result along time interval through fine coding of measuring, deposit Storage is in a register.The resolution of this result is the time of each delay cell on interpolative delay chain.I.e. continuous The number of 1 is multiplied by delay units delay time 50ps and can obtain between main wave impulse and thick counting clock edge Fine measure time T1.As it is shown on figure 3, under certain situation, latch data continuous 1 do not reach 5 Individual, now represent that main wave impulse and thick counting clock are along closely.Now measurement result is easily subject to clock Effect of jitter, needs to be deferred to next thick counting clock and measures.This also require that simultaneously main pulse width and The length of interpolative delay chain have to be larger than 4ns (a thick counted clock cycle);
(3) count value utilizing coarse counter controls to preserve echo samples in regular hour interval and counts According to;
Coarse counter value reflection be after main wave impulse starts through time span, this time span differentiate Rate is exactly coarse counter cycle 4ns.Start adopting that ADC exports when thick count value reaches and sets initial value Sample data stream write FIFO caching, stops write when reaching acquisition length.The degree of depth of FIFO caching is 1000, bit wide is 48bit, can cache 4000 sampled points.Assuming that the distance of target is about 900m, can Setting initial value as 1000, stop value is 2000, represents gate time from 4us to 8us, corresponding distance Scope is 600m to 1200m.Final FIFO caching have recorded from initial count to when terminating counting this section The interior ADC sampling number evidence comprising return laser beam.
(4) read fine-time interval data and echo samples point data, complete this and measure;
As in figure 2 it is shown, the sample waveform of fine-time interval T1 and the FIFO caching of readout register caching Data, complete this and measure, wait that the most main wave impulse arrives.According to measure the main wave impulse that obtains with The fine-time on thick counting clock edge is spaced T1, initial value T2 of thick counting and the counting step controlling collection T3, can calculate the moment obtaining first sampled point relative to the precise time interval of main wave impulse is (T2+1)×4ns+T1.But this value is ADC12D800 exports first sampled point moment and main wave impulse The interval in moment, there is delayed phase contrast Tod in the synchronism output clock of ADC12D800 itself and sampling clock For 3.15ns, the ADC12D800 sampled point collection moment has fixing 19 clock to prolong with output time in addition Late.Plus the two parameter, the precise time interval in first sampled point moment and main wave impulse can be calculated For (T2-18) × 4ns+T1-3.15ns, according to 1G sample rate the like, it is possible to obtain in caching The precise time interval in each sampled point and main wave impulse moment, thus can obtain that to comprise sampled point accurate The laser radar Full wave shape data of timi requirement.

Claims (2)

1. possessing a laser radar echo Full wave shape harvester for sampled point timi requirement, it is by a piece of FPGA Chip and a piece of high-speed ADC sampling A/D chip composition, FPGA is for building the main control module of harvester, the thickest Counter module, high speed FIFO cache module, interpolative delay chain module and finely measure coding module is high Speed ADC sampling A/D chip is for building the high-speed ADC sampling module of harvester, it is characterised in that:
Described high-speed ADC sampling A/D chip sampling rate is to more than 1Gsps, and sampling clock is by high stable constant temperature Crystal oscillator is produced by integrated phase lock chip frequency multiplication;
Described fpga chip possesses can generate the carry chain of ns level spread length for building interpolative delay Chain;
Described main control module is by FPGA internal state machine logic realization, described high speed FIFO cache module Realized by FPGA internal storage resources, receive the high-speed data-flow of high-speed ADC output, cache Wave data, Described high speed coarse counter module is realized by FPGA inner high speed enumerator, described interpolative delay chain mould Block is realized by the Carry Chains in FPGA, and described fine coding module of measuring is by the logic within FPGA Resource realizes;
During measurement, the main wave impulse of Laser emission enters interpolative delay chain module, and laser radar echo enters at a high speed ADC sampling module, the thick counting clock that high speed coarse counter module uses is by high-speed ADC sampling module Tong Bu with sampling clock and frequency dividing the synchrodata output clock of high-speed ADC chip provides, and main control module extracts Pulse travel time data in interpolative delay chain module, send into fine coding module of measuring and obtain main wave impulse With thick counting clock along the fine measurement result of time interval, main control module provides when main wave impulse arrives and touches Signal to high speed coarse counter module start counting up, and utilize the count value of coarse counter to control a timing Between interval in the sampled data stream write high speed FIFO cache module of high-speed ADC sampling module output.
2. one kind based on the laser radar echo Full wave shape possessing sampled point timi requirement described in claim 1 Harvester Method Of Time Measurement, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) master control module controls interpolative delay chain module latches interpolative delay chain on each thick counting clock edge On data;
In measurement, master control module controls interpolative delay chain module is prolonged along latching interpolation at each thick counting clock Data on chain late, if latch data non-full zero, represent the main wave impulse of Laser emission and enter interpolative delay chain, Now latch result reflects what main wave impulse was passed by thick counting clock along this time interval on delay chain Length;
(2) the thick counting clock that main control module arrives in main wave impulse is along time trigger high speed coarse counter mould BOB(beginning of block) counts, simultaneously caching fine-time measurement module result;
If latch data occurs the most multiple 1 in interpolative delay chain module, then it is judged as that main ripple arrives, and This thick counting clock starts counting up along time trigger high speed coarse counter module;Cache now interpolative delay simultaneously Data on chain, send into fine-time and measure coding module and obtain main wave impulse and thick counting clock along between the time Every fine measurement result cache in a register, the resolution of this result is each delay on interpolative delay chain The time of unit, under certain situation, the quantity of latch data continuous 1 is inadequate, represents main wave impulse and thick meter Number clocks are along closely, and now measurement result is easily subject to clock jitter effect, can be deferred to next slightly Counting clock is measured again, and this just requires that the length of main pulse width and interpolative delay chain have to be larger than one slightly Counted clock cycle;
(3) main control module utilizes the count value of thick counting to control in regular hour interval to preserve echo and adopts Sampling point data;
Master control module controls starts at a high speed when high speed coarse counter module count value reaches and sets initial value The sampled data stream write high speed FIFO cache module of ADC sampling module output, when thick count value reaches to gather Stop write during counting step, final high speed FIFO cache module have recorded from initial count to terminating meter The ADC sampled data comprising return laser beam that number is interior during this period of time;
(4) main control module reads fine-time interval data and echo samples point data, completes this and measures; The fine-time interval of main control module readout register caching and the sample waveform data of FIFO caching, complete This is measured, and waits that the most main wave impulse arrives, according to measuring the main wave impulse and thick counting clock obtained The fine-time interval on edge, the thick initial value counted and counting step value, thick counting clock and sampling clock Phase relation, can calculate each sampled point and the precise time interval of main wave impulse in FIFO caching.
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