CN104151727B - 车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物 - Google Patents
车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,涉及电缆用护套橡皮。其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅20-25份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆1-2份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑1-2份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺0.7-1.2份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.3-0.6份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.5-1份,0级三氧化二锑3-4份,陶土15-20份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂4-8份,偏苯三酸三辛脂8-12份,快压出炭黑20-25份,纳米氢氧化铝20-27份,三氧化钼8-12份,胶含量45%。本发明所得的电缆具有优良的机械性能、耐臭氧、耐化学药品性能、防水、低烟低卤阻燃性和耐油性,耐温等级高,它能充分满足生产低烟低卤阻燃防水机车车辆电缆的需要。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆用护套橡皮组合物,尤其涉及机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物。
背景技术
随着我国市场经济的快速发展,机车工业作为当今世界主要交通的基础工业之一获得迅速发展,根据国际铁路联盟制定的铁路机车车辆用电线电缆的技术条件UIC895、国际电工委员会制定的1-30kV高聚物固体绝缘电线电缆技术标准的要求,结合我国铁路运输的特点和电线电缆制造水平,并考虑到工业和成本,我国的铁路机车车辆用电缆基本是采用不同材质的绝缘和护套的结构。其中乙丙橡皮绝缘率磺化聚乙烯护套最为常见。而护套料的选择,则电缆经常接触到油污、水靠近机车发热部件处的温度高达60-80℃、在意外事故中有可能直接接触明火等不良的工作环境,因此护套料应具有耐油、防水性能、低烟低卤阻燃性能和较高的耐热等级,同时还应具有低酸、低烟性能。由此可知,生产出性能优良的机车车辆用电缆的关键在于护套料配方的研究。
发明内容
为解决上述技术缺陷,本发明目的是提供机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,用此配方生产出来的橡皮护套能充分满足生产低烟低卤阻燃防水电缆的需要。
本发明的方案如下:机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅20-25份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆1-2份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑1-2份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺0.7-1.2份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.3-0.6份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.5-1份,0级三氧化二锑3-4份,陶土15-20份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂4-8份,偏苯三酸三辛脂8-12份,快压出炭黑20-25份,纳米氢氧化铝20-27份,三氧化钼8-12份,胶含量45%。
机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅20份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆2份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑2份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺1.2份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.4份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.6份,0级三氧化二锑3份,陶土15份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂8份,偏苯三酸三辛脂8份,快压出炭黑25份,纳米氢氧化铝27份,三氧化钼8份,胶含量45%。
机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅25份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆1份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑1份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺0.7份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.3份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.5份,0级三氧化二锑4份,陶土20份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂4份,偏苯三酸三辛脂12份,快压出炭黑20份,纳米氢氧化铝20份,三氧化钼12份,胶含量45%。
上述氯磺化聚乙烯中氯含量为33-37%,硫含量为0.8-1.2%。
本发明所得的电缆有优良的机械性能、耐臭氧、耐化学药品性能、防水、低烟低卤阻燃性和耐油性,耐温等级高,它能充分满足生产低烟低卤阻燃防水机车车辆电缆的需要。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明;
机车车辆用电缆的使用条件较为苛刻,因此其护套料的实际配合,除要合理选择其主体骨架的氯磺化聚乙烯胶种、硫化体系、填充补强体系、阻燃剂、及他们的用量以外,还要采取措施,设计降低护套材料的发烟量和HCL的释放量。氯磺化聚乙烯由于其不延燃性、机械性能、耐大气老化性能、耐油性都比较好,是机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水电缆首选的一种护套材料,根据GB12528-2008要求,其中对护套性能的要求为:外护套橡皮组合物应符合GB7594-87中XH-31A型规定,且燃烧时HCL释放量小于100mg/g,烟密度二硫化二苯骈噻唑小于200,70℃7天吸水率小于4.5%。因此我们在配方设计时既要考虑到高阻燃性,又要考虑到HCL释放量、烟密度和防水性能。为此,对各体系确定如下:
1、生胶的选择
氯磺化聚乙烯的品种很多,根据电线电缆使用特点,最宜选用氯磺化聚乙烯-40型,该橡胶含氯量为33-37%,含硫量在0.8-1.2%,氯磺化聚乙烯因其饱和的分子结构,使之具有优良的耐臭氧及抗氧化性能;结构中含有氯原子,使得其具有良好的耐油、耐化学药品和阻燃性能;经过适当的配合后,还可使其具有良好的耐热、耐气候、耐电晕、防水及阻燃性能。
2、硫化体系的选择
氯磺化聚乙烯常用的硫化体系很多,从满足上述标准耐热性能指标考虑,选用过氧化物作硫化剂最好,在加入适当的防老剂和硫化助剂后能使氯磺化聚乙烯用于100-105℃;但过氧化物及其助剂都是易燃的,难以使氯磺化聚乙烯橡皮的阻燃性能满足要求,故我们没有选用。经大量收集资料并经分析研究后,选择了一氧化铅作硫化剂,以使胶料在物理机械性能、防水性和加工性得到综合平衡;一氧化铅能减少燃烧时HCL释放量,不易燃烧,吸水少,且成本较低。为了提高硫化速度、降低硫化温度、减少硫化剂用量和提高硫化胶的性能,还选用N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆及二硫化二苯骈噻唑作为硫化促进剂。
3、阻燃剂的选用
在难燃的主体橡胶中,添加合适阻燃剂是阻燃化处理的有效途径,在选择阻燃剂时,我们注意一下几点:
(1)根据协同理论,采用两种或两种以上阻燃剂。
(2)采用阻燃效果好,无毒的无机阻燃剂,少用价格昂贵的有机阻燃。
(3)选用的阻燃剂本身具有较好的稳定性,在胶料工艺操作中不分解或失效。
(4)因氯磺化聚乙烯含有卤素,选用与卤化氢作用产生SbCL3气体的Sb2O3,由于该气体比重大,不仅有抑制OH基的作用,并能附着在可燃物表面隔绝空气。
(5)因添加的阻燃剂必须是不含卤素,产生烟雾少,要兼容对机械性能和工艺性能的影响。
经过多次试验验证,我们最终选用纳米氢氧化铝、三氧化钼、0级三氧化二锑并用。
4、填充剂的选择
根据实施阻燃技术的原则,选择填充剂时我们考虑到阻燃剂的相容性。由于氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶是聚乙烯塑料的衍生物,所以在常温下,该混合橡皮有许多类似聚乙烯性能的特点,如胶料比较硬,胶料压在一起不易粘住,根据这些特性,我们设计该橡皮的填充补强体系时,主要考虑它的加工工艺,特别是挤出进料有可能改为象挤塑进料一样,采用冷粒子喂料。炭黑品种的选用,我们采用挤出工艺性能好的快压出炭黑,填充选用陶土,当然陶土的分量不易过多,否则胶料的硬度会更大。
5、防老剂的选择
在本配方中,我们选择了氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶通用的耐热性较好的二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍作为本配方体系的主防老剂,再配合防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺。由于三种防老剂配合协调,起到最佳的防老效果。
6、软化剂的选择
鉴于氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶的结构特点,以它为基体的胶料中最好只掺用不会破坏其网络的非极性或低极性软化剂。在此体系中,掺用的软化剂不仅能改善胶料的工艺性能,提高其弹性和降低硬度,而且对提高胶料的耐热性能和改善胶料的焦烧性能起着关键作用,同时软化剂对胶料的阻燃性能,经综合考虑,我们选用偏苯三酸三辛脂和耐油型合成脂类增塑剂并用的橡胶软化体系。
本发明根据以上原则,进行研究。
实施例1:机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅23份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆1.5份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑1.5份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺1份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.5份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.7份,0级三氧化二锑3.5份,陶土18份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂6份,偏苯三酸三辛脂10份,快压出炭黑22份,纳米氢氧化铝24份,三氧化钼10份,胶含量45%。
实施例2:机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅20份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆2份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑2份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺1.2份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.4份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.6份,0级三氧化二锑3份,陶土15份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂8份,偏苯三酸三辛脂8份,快压出炭黑25份,纳米氢氧化铝27份,三氧化钼8份,胶含量45%。
实施例3:机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅25份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆1份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑1份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺0.7份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.3份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.5份,0级三氧化二锑4份,陶土20份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂4份,偏苯三酸三辛脂12份,快压出炭黑20份,纳米氢氧化铝20份,三氧化钼12份,胶含量45%。
上述三个实施例中,氯磺化聚乙烯中氯含量为33-37%,硫含量为0.8-1.2%。
按照上述三个实施例的配方为基础,经过反复多次的配方试验研究,在胶料配方上经过不断的设计、探索和改进,上述氧指数为36-38、且燃烧时HCL释放量38mg/g,烟密度二硫化二苯骈噻唑96,70℃7天吸水率3.6%的氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,能充分满足生产机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水电缆的需要,其配方材料组分见表1。
表1橡皮的材料组分
对按表1配方制成的低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物进行试验,其结果见表2。
表2氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物试验结果
应用表1配方,根据图1所示的生产工艺流程,我们试制了包括CEH/3-100-1500V1×50mm2、CEH/3-100-3000V1×95mm2在内的共两个不同规格的机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水电缆,其护套试验结果见表3。
表3成品低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物试验结果
混炼加工工艺:第一次混炼:按配方比例称量氯磺化聚乙烯、促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑、防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺、防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺、防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍、0级三氧化二锑、三氧化钼加入到75升捏炼机中混合120秒后,再加入配方比例50%的陶土、耐油型合成脂类增塑剂、偏苯三酸三辛脂、快压出炭黑、纳米氢氧化铝混合120秒,再加入剩下配方比例50%的陶土、耐油型合成脂类增塑剂、偏苯三酸三辛脂、快压出炭黑、纳米氢氧化铝混合120秒排胶展页出片,要求排胶温度不超过95℃.胶页宽度不超过500mm,胶页厚度控制在1.2-1.5mm,冷却24小时。
第二次混炼:按配方比例称量第一次混合胶、硫化剂一氧化铅促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆、加入到75升捏炼机中混合90秒排胶展页出片,要求排胶温度不超过95℃.胶页宽度不超过500mm,胶页厚度控制在1.2-1.5mm,放入橡胶仓库中备用。
电缆挤出工艺:上述混炼的混合胶直接采用冷喂料挤橡连硫机挤出,工艺条件为直径90mm的挤出机。螺杆长泾比为14:1,模口温度为90-105℃,机头温度为80-90℃,机身温度为65-70℃,螺杆温度为40-45℃,胶料熔体温度为75-85℃,机头压力为2.8-3.0MPa,挤出机各部位及螺杆均用水调节温度,蒸汽压力为1.5-1.8MPa,硫化管有效长度60m,冷却水段18m,电缆挤出速度60-70m/min。
按照本发明的配方制成的氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物成品用在电缆上,其性能全部符合GB12528-2008标准规定的要求。
尽管上文对本发明的具体实施方式给予了详细描述和说明,但是应该指明的是,我们可以依据本发明的构想对上述实施方式进行各种等效改变和修改,其所产生的功能作用仍未超出说明书所涵盖的精神时,均应在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其特征在于其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅20-25份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆1-2份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑1-2份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺0.7-1.2份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.3-0.6份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.5-1份,0级三氧化二锑3-4份,陶土15-20份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂4-8份,偏苯三酸三辛脂8-12份,快压出炭黑20-25份,纳米氢氧化铝20-27份,三氧化钼8-12份,胶含量45%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其特征在于其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅20份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆2份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑2份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺1.2份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.4份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.6份,0级三氧化二锑3份,陶土15份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂8份,偏苯三酸三辛脂8份,快压出炭黑25份,纳米氢氧化铝27份,三氧化钼8份,胶含量45%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其特征在于其材料组分如下:氯磺化聚乙烯100份,硫化剂一氧化铅25份,促进剂N,N‘-双烷胺六硫化秋兰姆1份,促进剂二硫化二苯骈噻唑1份,防老剂N-苯基-2-萘胺0.7份,防老剂N-苯基N’环已烷基对苯二胺0.3份,防老剂二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍0.5份,0级三氧化二锑4份,陶土20份,耐油型合成脂类增塑剂4份,偏苯三酸三辛脂12份,快压出炭黑20份,纳米氢氧化铝20份,三氧化钼12份,胶含量45%。
4.根据权利要求1或者2或者3所述的机车车辆用低烟低卤阻燃防水氯磺化聚乙烯护套橡皮组合物,其特征在于:氯磺化聚乙烯中氯含量为33-37%,硫含量为0.8-1.2%。
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