CN104147921B - A kind of apparatus and method of the activated carbon combined method processing foul gas of biofiltration - Google Patents
A kind of apparatus and method of the activated carbon combined method processing foul gas of biofiltration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于废气处理技术领域，特别涉及一种生物过滤‑活性炭联合法处理恶臭气体的装置与方法。本发明装置由负压收集单元、气体收集管道、风机、生物过滤单元和活性炭吸附单元组成。其中，生物过滤单元底部有气体分布装置，内部填充轻质活性生物填料，侧壁上开有营养液喷淋液进口及安装有一连接喷淋器的管路。活性炭吸附单元装填复合活性炭吸附填料。利用负压收集装置将产生源的恶臭气体收集，经过气体进气管进入生物过滤单元，恶臭气体中的大部分污染物被填料上的细菌和真菌微生物降解，未被降解的低浓度污染物通过气体输送管道进入活性炭吸附单元，被其中填充的活性炭吸附剂吸附后而得到净化，净化后的气体从排气口排入大气。
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and in particular relates to a device and method for treating malodorous gas by a combined method of biological filtration and activated carbon. The device of the invention is composed of a negative pressure collection unit, a gas collection pipe, a fan, a biological filter unit and an active carbon adsorption unit. Among them, there is a gas distribution device at the bottom of the biological filtration unit, and the interior is filled with light active biological fillers. The side wall is provided with a nutrient solution spray inlet and a pipeline connected to the sprayer. The activated carbon adsorption unit is filled with composite activated carbon adsorption filler. The malodorous gas from the source is collected by the negative pressure collection device, and enters the biological filter unit through the gas inlet pipe. Most of the pollutants in the malodorous gas are degraded by bacteria and fungal microorganisms on the filler, and the undegraded low-concentration pollutants pass through the gas. The conveying pipeline enters the activated carbon adsorption unit, and is purified by the adsorption of the activated carbon adsorbent filled therein, and the purified gas is discharged into the atmosphere from the exhaust port.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于气体处理领域，特别涉及一种生物过滤-活性炭联合法处理恶臭气体的装置与方法。The invention belongs to the field of gas treatment, and in particular relates to a device and method for treating malodorous gas by a combined method of biological filtration and activated carbon.
背景技术Background technique
在城市生活垃圾处理厂、城市污水处理厂等市政设施及化工、皮革、石化、制药、皮革、造纸、食品加工等工业过程中会产生大量含硫化氢、氨、甲基胺、甲硫醇、甲硫醚和挥发性有机化合物等物质的恶臭气体，这类恶臭物质具有刺激性强、嗅阈值低、环境危害大等特点。为了保障人体健康和安全，减少对环境的危害，恶臭气体的净化已成为亟需解决的实际问题。A large amount of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methylamine, methyl mercaptan, Odor gases such as methyl sulfide and volatile organic compounds, which have the characteristics of strong irritation, low odor threshold, and great environmental hazards. In order to protect human health and safety and reduce the harm to the environment, the purification of malodorous gases has become a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently.
现有的恶臭气体处理技术包括生物处理、吸附、吸收、催化以及焚烧处理等。不同处理技术的原理不同，而且各有其适用范围和优缺点，比如生物处理技术具有处理效果好、无二次污染、投资和运行费用低、易于管理等优点，尤其在处理大流量、低浓度的恶臭气体时更显示其优越性。吸附是利用多孔固体物料与混合组分体系接触，有选择性地得使得体系中的一种或多种组分附着于固体表面，从而实现特定组分分离的操作过程。吸附技术的优点是去除效率高，但一般适用于较低浓度的恶臭气体的处理，具有去除效率高、回收方便等优点。吸收是依据气体中各组分在同一液体溶剂中的物理溶解度或化学反应活性的不同，而将气体混合物分离的过程。Existing malodorous gas treatment technologies include biological treatment, adsorption, absorption, catalysis, and incineration. The principles of different treatment technologies are different, and each has its scope of application and advantages and disadvantages. For example, biological treatment technology has the advantages of good treatment effect, no secondary pollution, low investment and operation costs, and easy management, especially when dealing with large flow and low concentration. It shows its superiority even more when the foul-smelling gas. Adsorption is the operation process of using porous solid material to contact with the mixed component system to selectively make one or more components in the system adhere to the solid surface, so as to realize the separation of specific components. The advantage of adsorption technology is high removal efficiency, but it is generally suitable for the treatment of low-concentration malodorous gases, and has the advantages of high removal efficiency and convenient recovery. Absorption is the process of separating a gas mixture based on the physical solubility or chemical reactivity of each component in the same liquid solvent.
恶臭气体影响范围广，处理难度大，虽然很多处理技术均能处理恶臭气体，但大部分技术尚未成熟和完善，存在着恶臭气体达标处理难度大，适应范围小，处理效果低，占地面积大等问题，或投资和运行费用高，管理操作复杂，易于产生二次污染等问题。特别是由于不同行业恶臭气体组成成分复杂、浓度各异，处理难度相对较大，采用这些单一处理技术和设备大都存在着处理效率低或投资和运行费用高或存在二次污染等弊端。Odor gas has a wide range of influence and is difficult to deal with. Although many treatment technologies can deal with odor gas, most of them are not yet mature and perfect. and other problems, or high investment and operating costs, complex management and operation, prone to secondary pollution and other problems. In particular, due to the complex components and different concentrations of malodorous gases in different industries, the treatment is relatively difficult. Most of these single treatment technologies and equipment have disadvantages such as low treatment efficiency, high investment and operating costs, or secondary pollution.
以往的恶臭气体处理往往采用单一处理技术，去除的物质类型和去除能力有限，因而不能有效地发挥各技术对气体各种恶臭物质的高效去除作用，出气很难达标排放。In the past, a single treatment technology was often used for malodorous gas treatment, and the types of substances removed and the removal capacity were limited. Therefore, the efficient removal effect of various technologies on various odorous substances in the gas could not be effectively utilized, and it was difficult to discharge the gas up to the standard.
发明内容Contents of the invention
考虑到以往的恶臭气体处理装置的不足和生物过滤、活性炭吸附技术各自的优缺点，本发明提出一种新型的生物过滤-活性炭联合法处理恶臭气体的装置，提高含复杂恶臭物质气体的处理效果，节省占地面积，节省投资和处理费用。Considering the shortcomings of previous malodorous gas treatment devices and the respective advantages and disadvantages of biological filtration and activated carbon adsorption technology, the present invention proposes a new type of device for treating malodorous gas with a combination of biological filtration and activated carbon to improve the treatment effect of gases containing complex malodorous substances , save floor space, save investment and processing costs.
本发明的另一目的是提供一种生物过滤-活性炭联合法处理恶臭气体的方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a biological filtration-activated carbon combined method for treating malodorous gas.
本发明的一种新型的生物过滤-活性炭联合法处理恶臭气体的装置，由负压收集单元、气体收集管道、风机、生物过滤单元和活性炭吸附单元依次连接组成。恶臭气体依次经过这五个单元，最后净化后的气体从活性炭吸附单元底部的排气口流出。其中：A novel device for treating malodorous gas by a combined method of biological filtration and activated carbon of the present invention is composed of a negative pressure collection unit, a gas collection pipeline, a fan, a biological filtration unit and an activated carbon adsorption unit connected in sequence. The malodorous gas passes through these five units in sequence, and finally the purified gas flows out from the exhaust port at the bottom of the activated carbon adsorption unit. in:
生物过滤单元底部有气体分布装置，内部填充轻质活性生物填料，侧壁上开有喷淋液进口及安装有一连接喷淋器的管路，喷淋器在生物过滤单元填料的上方，通过管路定期喷淋营养液，营养液循环使用，该底部支撑填料的是气体分布板，底部开有排水口。There is a gas distribution device at the bottom of the biological filtration unit, which is filled with light active biological fillers. There is a spray liquid inlet on the side wall and a pipeline connected to the sprinkler. The road is regularly sprayed with nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is recycled. The bottom supports the packing is a gas distribution plate, and there is a drain at the bottom.
生物过滤单元出气通过气体输送管道与活性炭吸附单元相连。The outlet gas of the biological filter unit is connected with the activated carbon adsorption unit through the gas delivery pipeline.
活性炭吸附单元装填复合活性炭吸附填料。在活性炭吸附单元的侧壁上设置将气体排入大气的排气口。The activated carbon adsorption unit is filled with composite activated carbon adsorption filler. On the side wall of the activated carbon adsorption unit, an exhaust port for discharging gas into the atmosphere is provided.
本发明的一种生物过滤-活性炭联合法处理恶臭气体的方法，利用负压收集装置将产生源的恶臭气体收集，经过气体进气管进入生物过滤单元，恶臭气体中的大部分污染物被填料上的细菌和真菌微生物降解，未被降解的低浓度污染物被活性炭吸附单元中的复合活性炭吸附剂吸附后而得到净化，净化后的气体从排气口排入大气。风机置于装置后面，保证装置处于负压状态，避免恶臭气体的泄漏。A method for treating malodorous gas with a biological filtration-activated carbon combined method of the present invention uses a negative pressure collection device to collect the malodorous gas from the source, and enters the biological filter unit through the gas inlet pipe, and most of the pollutants in the malodorous gas are filled with fillers. The undegraded low-concentration pollutants are adsorbed by the composite activated carbon adsorbent in the activated carbon adsorption unit and purified, and the purified gas is discharged into the atmosphere from the exhaust port. The fan is placed behind the device to ensure that the device is in a negative pressure state and avoid the leakage of malodorous gas.
所述的生物过滤单元底部的气体分布板除了可以均匀分布进气气体和将多余液体溢流排出生物过滤单元外，兼有支撑填料的作用。The gas distribution plate at the bottom of the biological filter unit not only can evenly distribute the intake gas and drain excess liquid out of the biological filter unit, but also has the function of supporting the filler.
所述的活性炭吸附单元填充活性炭纤维和颗粒活性炭，活性炭纤维粒径为5～6mm。颗粒活性炭粒径为2～3mm。The activated carbon adsorption unit is filled with activated carbon fiber and granular activated carbon, and the particle size of the activated carbon fiber is 5-6 mm. The particle size of granular activated carbon is 2-3mm.
本发明的特点是恶臭气体处理装置的主体由负压收集单元、气体收集管道、风机、生物过滤单元和活性炭吸附单元依次连接组成，它们协同完成气体污染物的降解。恶臭气体经负压收集后首先进入生物过滤单元，该单元内装填有轻质活性生物填料，在中性条件下运行，上面生长有硫细菌、氨氧化细菌、亚硝酸氧化细菌、异养细菌和真菌，恶臭气体中的大部分污染物与这些微生物接触而被吸收和降解，未被降解的少部分恶臭污染物和降解中间产物进入活性炭吸附单元被活性炭吸附，这样将生物反应单元和吸附反应单元分开使用，能有效发挥生物作用和吸附反应各自的优势和作用；微生物可以在常温、常压条件下较好的发挥降解作用，最终达到达标排放。本发明将高效微生物降解和吸附作用的优势结合起来，使废气中不同物化和生物特性的恶臭物质能够得到彻底的降解，结构紧凑、构造简洁，运行操作与维护简单，投资和运行费用低。本发明中的生物过滤-活性炭联合法处理恶臭气体的装置主体结构为生物反应单元和吸附反应单元，营养液是定期供给，喷淋次数少，运行操作与维护简单。另外，此反应器还有占地面积较小，结构紧凑，构造简洁，投资和运行费用较低，无二次污染等特点。The feature of the present invention is that the main body of the malodorous gas treatment device is composed of a negative pressure collection unit, a gas collection pipe, a fan, a biological filter unit and an activated carbon adsorption unit connected in sequence, and they cooperate to complete the degradation of gas pollutants. After the malodorous gas is collected under negative pressure, it first enters the biological filtration unit. The unit is filled with light active biological fillers and operates under neutral conditions. Sulfur bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrite oxidizing bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and Fungi, most of the pollutants in the odorous gas are absorbed and degraded in contact with these microorganisms, and a small part of the undegraded odorous pollutants and degradation intermediates enter the activated carbon adsorption unit and are adsorbed by activated carbon, so that the biological reaction unit and the adsorption reaction unit Used separately, the respective advantages and functions of biological action and adsorption reaction can be effectively brought into play; microorganisms can better perform the degradation function under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, and finally reach the discharge standard. The invention combines the advantages of high-efficiency microbial degradation and adsorption to completely degrade the odorous substances with different physicochemical and biological characteristics in the waste gas. It has a compact structure, simple structure, simple operation and maintenance, and low investment and operation costs. The main structure of the device for treating malodorous gas by the biological filtration-activated carbon combined method in the present invention is a biological reaction unit and an adsorption reaction unit, the nutrient solution is supplied regularly, the number of spraying is small, and the operation and maintenance are simple. In addition, this reactor also has the characteristics of small footprint, compact structure, simple structure, low investment and operating costs, and no secondary pollution.
本发明的设备具有如下优点：The equipment of the present invention has the following advantages:
1.将生物过滤与活性炭吸附的优势结合，研制成一种组合式恶臭气体处理装置，使恶臭气体中易降解组分和难降解组分能够得到彻底的降解。该装置结构紧凑，构造简洁，占地面积小，运行操作与维护简单。1. Combining the advantages of biological filtration and activated carbon adsorption, a combined malodorous gas treatment device is developed, which can completely degrade the easily degradable components and refractory components in the malodorous gas. The device is compact in structure, simple in structure, small in floor space, and simple in operation and maintenance.
2.恶臭气体先经过生物过滤单元，易生物降解组分在生物过滤单元内得到有效去除，减少了后续活性炭吸附单元的进气负荷。2. The malodorous gas passes through the biological filter unit first, and the easily biodegradable components are effectively removed in the biological filter unit, which reduces the intake load of the subsequent activated carbon adsorption unit.
3.装置无需循环水，营养液是定期供给，喷淋次数少，能耗低，运行操作与维护简单。3. The device does not need circulating water, the nutrient solution is supplied regularly, the number of spraying is less, the energy consumption is low, and the operation and maintenance are simple.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1.本发明装置的结构示意图。Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.
附图标记reference sign
1.负压收集单元 2.气体收集管道1. Negative pressure collection unit 2. Gas collection pipe
3.风机 4.气体分布装置3. Fan 4. Gas distribution device
5.排水口 6.生物过滤单元5. Outlet 6. Biological filter unit
7.轻质活性生物填料 8.喷淋液进口7. Light active biological filler 8. Spray liquid import
9.喷淋器 10.气体输送管道9. Sprinkler 10. Gas delivery pipeline
11.活性炭吸附单元 12.活性炭纤维11. Activated carbon adsorption unit 12. Activated carbon fiber
13.颗粒活性炭 14.排气口13. Granular activated carbon 14. Exhaust port
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1.Example 1.
请参见图1。有机玻璃制成的一种生物过滤-活性炭联合法处理恶臭气体的装置，主要由负压收集单元1、气体收集管道2、风机3、生物过滤单元6和活性炭吸附单元11依次连接组成。See Figure 1. A biofiltration-activated carbon combined method made of plexiglass to treat malodorous gas mainly consists of a negative pressure collection unit 1, a gas collection pipe 2, a fan 3, a biological filtration unit 6 and an activated carbon adsorption unit 11 connected in sequence.
生物过滤单元6底部有气体分布装置4，内部填充轻质活性生物填料7，气体分布装置兼有支撑填料的作用，侧壁上开有营养液喷淋液进口8及安装有一连接喷头的喷淋器9，喷淋器在生物过滤单元填料的上方，通过管路定期喷淋营养液，营养液循环使用，底部开有排水口5。There is a gas distribution device 4 at the bottom of the biological filtration unit 6, and the interior is filled with light-weight active biological fillers 7. The gas distribution device also serves as a supporting filler. There is a nutrient solution spray inlet 8 on the side wall and a spray nozzle connected to the nozzle is installed. 9, the sprinkler is above the filler of the biological filtration unit, regularly sprays the nutrient solution through the pipeline, and the nutrient solution is recycled, and the bottom is provided with a drain port 5.
生物过滤单元出气通过气体输送管道10与活性炭吸附单元11相连。The outlet gas of the biological filter unit is connected with the activated carbon adsorption unit 11 through the gas delivery pipeline 10 .
活性炭吸附单元11内装填活性炭纤维12和颗粒活性炭13两层吸附填料。在活性炭吸附单元的侧壁上设置将气体排入大气的排气口14。The activated carbon adsorption unit 11 is filled with two layers of adsorption fillers, activated carbon fiber 12 and granular activated carbon 13 . An exhaust port 14 for discharging gas into the atmosphere is provided on the side wall of the activated carbon adsorption unit.
利用负压收集单元1将产生源的恶臭气体收集，经过气体进气管进入生物过滤单元6，恶臭气体中的大部分污染物被轻质活性生物填料7上的细菌和真菌微生物降解，未被降解的低浓度污染物被活性炭吸附单元11中的活性炭纤维12和颗粒活性炭13吸附后而得到净化，净化后的气体从排气口14排入大气。风机置于装置后面，保证装置处于负压状态，避免恶臭气体的泄漏。Use the negative pressure collection unit 1 to collect the malodorous gas from the source, and enter the biological filter unit 6 through the gas inlet pipe. Most of the pollutants in the malodorous gas are degraded by bacteria and fungal microorganisms on the light active biological filler 7, and are not degraded. The low-concentration pollutants are purified by the adsorption of activated carbon fibers 12 and granular activated carbon 13 in the activated carbon adsorption unit 11, and the purified gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust port 14. The fan is placed behind the device to ensure that the device is in a negative pressure state and avoid the leakage of malodorous gas.
根据本方法建立了处理量为10000m3/h的城市生活垃圾综合处理厂的恶臭气体处理装置，进气硫化氢、氨和TVOCs浓度分别为8.5mg/m3，16.0mg/m3，27.0mg/m3的恶臭气体，停留时间为40s，室温条件下操作时，出气口的硫化氢、氨和TVOCs浓度分别为0mg/m3、0.01mg/m3和0.02mg/m3，去除率分别为100％、99.9％和99.9％。According to this method, a malodorous gas treatment device of a municipal solid waste comprehensive treatment plant with a treatment capacity of 10,000m 3 /h was established, and the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and TVOCs in the intake air were 8.5mg/m 3 , 16.0mg/m 3 , and 27.0mg respectively. /m 3 of malodorous gas, the residence time is 40s, when operating at room temperature, the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and TVOCs at the gas outlet are 0mg/m 3 , 0.01mg/m 3 and 0.02mg/m 3 respectively, and the removal rates are respectively 100%, 99.9%, and 99.9%.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. device of biofiltration-activated carbon combined method processing foul gas, by negative pressure collector unit, gas-collecting pipe Road, blower fan, biofiltration unit and activated carbon adsorption unit are sequentially connected composition, it is characterized in that：Biofiltration unit bottom has a distribution device in gas-fluid, internal light filling Active biological filler, and nutrient solution is provided with side wall Spray liquid import and the pipeline for being provided with a connection spray thrower, spray thrower pass through in the top of biofiltration unit filler, shower nozzle The regular spraying nutrient solution of pipeline, nutrient solution recycle, and support filler in the bottom is gas distribution grid, and bottom is provided with draining Mouthful；Biofiltration unit outlet is connected by gas transmission pipeline with activated carbon adsorption unit；Activated carbon adsorption unit loads composite reactive carbon adsorbent, is set in the side wall of activated carbon adsorption unit and is discharged into gas The exhaust outlet of air；The distribution device in gas-fluid of described biofiltration unit bottom is porous gas distribution grid, and hole shape is circular hole, and aperture is 2mm, set on plate and dissipate bubbler, gas can be separated into bubble, the liquid overflow pipe of inverted U is also equipped with plate；The composite reactive carbon adsorbent of described activated carbon adsorption unit filling is active carbon fibre peacekeeping granular activated carbon, activated carbon Fiber diameter is 5~6mm, and specific surface area is 2000~2200m2/ g, granular activated carbon particle diameter are 2~3mm, active carbon fibre peacekeeping The packing volume ratio of activated carbon is 1.5: 1.
- 2. a kind of method that device using described in claim 1 handles foul gas, it is characterised in that：Collected and filled using negative pressure Put the collection of the foul gas of generating source, enter biofiltration unit by gas inlet pipe, most of dirt in foul gas Bacterium and fungi microbe degraded, the low concentration pollutant not being degraded on dye thing is filled enter activated carbon adsorption unit quilt It is purified after the acticarbon absorption wherein filled, purified gas is discharged into air from exhaust outlet, and blower fan is placed in Behind device, ensure that device is in negative pressure state, avoid the leakage of foul gas.
- 3. the method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that：Installation spray thrower, passes through at the top of described biofiltration unit The regular spraying nutrient solution of pipeline, excessive nutrient solution are discharged by discharge outlet, and online pH and moisture content are set in biofiltration unit Monitoring probe, and feedback control is formed with spray equipment, ensure that filler pH and moisture content are respectively 7~9 and 45%.
- 4. the method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that：Described activated carbon adsorption unit operation temperature is 0~50 DEG C, Operating pressure is normal pressure, and total gas residence time is 10~20s, can effectively remove the malodorant that biofiltration unit does not remove Matter.
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| CN105621795A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 中天正涵（天津）环保科技有限公司 | Method for removing odor substances from wastewater by utilization of deodorant biological bacteria |
| CN106955559A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-18 | 上海溪工环境科技有限公司 | Meteorological condition self adaptation deodorizing device |
| CN107185392A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-22 | 广西壮族自治区环境保护科学研究院 | A kind of reaction system for being used to absorb VOCS |
| CN108057320A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-22 | 仲维功 | A kind of papermaking waste gas purification apparatus and operating method |
| CN108609720A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-10-02 | 浙江亿康环保工程有限公司 | A kind of Drain contamination for river channel mouth situ waste water repair system and method |
| CN108264203B (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2023-09-26 | 浙江荣晟环保纸业股份有限公司 | System and method for treating odor of papermaking wastewater |
| CN111111425B (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2022-03-15 | 北京建筑大学 | Multi-reaction-section combined odor treatment device and treatment method |
| CN111974203A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-24 | 南京沃德思环保科技有限公司 | Landfill odor treatment device |
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