CN104147891A - Device and method for controlling fine particle emission in wet flue gas desulfurization - Google Patents
Device and method for controlling fine particle emission in wet flue gas desulfurization Download PDFInfo
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- CN104147891A CN104147891A CN201410422991.2A CN201410422991A CN104147891A CN 104147891 A CN104147891 A CN 104147891A CN 201410422991 A CN201410422991 A CN 201410422991A CN 104147891 A CN104147891 A CN 104147891A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for controlling fine particle emission in wet flue gas desulfurization. The device includes a wet flue gas desulfurization column, a diffusion-type steam nozzle, a steam mass flow controller, an acoustic wave agglomeration chamber, an acoustic wave generating unit, a mist eliminator and a washing nozzle. In the device, flue gas adjustment, agglomeration and growth of fine particles and a removal effect are integratedly completed in the acoustic wave agglomeration chamber so that defects of low efficiency, high sound pressure level and high energy consumption during the agglomeration and the growth of the fine particles through conventional acoustic wave agglomeration are avoided, and meanwhile, the defect of quite high energy consumption required for achieving oversaturation of flue gas, which is low in moisture content, just by means of addition of steam is overcome when the removal of the fine particles is promoted by means of the steam phase transition principle. The device and the method allows a problem that an adjusting chamber and a phase transition chamber are required to be established at the same time in steam phase transition to be solved, is simplified in a device structure and a operation cost without change of a structure of an original desulfurization column, and can achieve low energy consumption and high efficient of removal of the fine particles in the wet flue gas desulfurization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pollution control equipment and manufacture field, be specifically related to a kind of device and method of controlling the discharge of wet process of FGD fine grained.
Background technology
Fine particle particle (the PM that particularly aerodynamic diameter is less than 2.5 microns
2.5) be the primary pollutant of China's urban atmosphere, fire coal is one of main source of fine particle in China's atmosphere, along with haze weather takes place frequently, PM
2.5pollute and caused that the public's extensive concern and the great attention of government, the emission control of fine particle have become the key issue of being badly in need of solution.Yet current traditional dedusting technology and equipment, for fine particle PM
2.5removal efficiency but very low, cause a large amount of PM
2.5be discharged in atmospheric environment.
The main path of Fine Particles is the pretreatment measure that arranges before conventional cleaner at present, and it is grown up for being removed after bulky grain by physics or chemical action.These pretreatment measures comprise acoustic agglomeration, electromagnetism reunion and steam phase transforming etc.Wherein steam phase transforming preconditioning technique is with wet to send out that a flue gas desulfurization technique combines be to control wet one of the important channel of desulfurization fine particle that is fuming.Patent CN201105202Y, CN101219333A discloses the fine grain device of cooperation-removal in a kind of smoke-gas wet desulfurization, and this device, by before and after desulfurizing tower, smoke reutilizer and phase transformation condensing chamber being set respectively, is realized fine grain condensation growth; CN101732970B discloses and in a kind of coal-burning wet flue gas desulfuration process, has promoted the device and method that fine particle removes, this device arranges prewashing column and steam phase transforming chamber before wet desulfuration tower, by prewashing column, improve smoke moisture, at the indoor interpolation steam of phase transformation, make flue gas reach supersaturation and undergo phase transition condensation growth, the fine grained after condensation growth is removed by desulfurizing tower.Above technology adopts steam phase transforming to combine with a wet desulfurization, is all provided with pretreatment chamber and phase transformation chamber, makes technique become very complicated, in addition, adopt separately steam phase transforming technology will obtain high condensation growth removal efficiency, need high degree of supersaturation, increased steam consumption.Acoustic agglomeration technology combines acoustic agglomeration for removing the fine grained of flue gas with electric cleaner and sack cleaner respectively as CN103736356 and CN101637683A for the public technology of Fine Particles.These two kinds of technology all do not relate to wet process of FGD and steam phase transforming, and adopt separately acoustic agglomeration technology, and very limited to the raising of fine grained reunion efficiency, obtain good acoustic agglomeration efficiency, need very high sound pressure level, increased greatly energy consumption.
For improving acoustic agglomeration efficiency, CN100531862C has designed and a kind ofly based on sound wave and additional seed grain synergy, has removed fine grain apparatus and method, although the method is conducive to improve fine grain removal efficiency, but because solid seed grain adds difficulty, be difficult to be dispersed in air-flow, affect reunion effect, in air-flow, added the load of dust remove that solid particle has increased again follow-up deduster simultaneously; CN103706219A has proposed acoustic agglomeration and in conjunction with spraying synergy, has removed the apparatus and method of fine particulates, this technology has solved to a certain extent solid seed grain and has added difficult problem, but because the surface tension of drop itself is very large, be difficult to be combined with fine grained, therefore, limited to the raising of particle agglomeration efficiency.The difference that above two kinds of technology have all utilized the particle of different-grain diameter to carry coefficient secretly in acoustic wavefield, cause relative motion and improve fine grain collision reunion efficiency, still belong in essence the category of acoustic agglomeration, thereby will obtain higher reunion efficiency and still need higher sound pressure level, as the sound pressure level of CN103706219A work has reached 140dB～150dB.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for solving problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of device and method of controlling the discharge of wet process of FGD fine grained, by usining acoustic agglomeration and steam phase transforming coupling as the fine grain pretreatment measure of dust-contained airflow, overcome traditional acoustic agglomeration efficiency low, sound pressure level is high, the shortcoming that energy consumption is large, solve seed grain in acoustic wavefield and added difficulty, sound pressure level is high, the problems such as subsequent treatment trouble, simultaneously in conjunction with follow-up cleaner, realized under low sound pressure level condition, efficiently remove fine particle, greatly reduced the energy consumption of acoustic agglomeration.
Technical scheme: for realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of device of controlling the discharge of wet process of FGD fine grained, it comprises wet flue gas desulfurization tower, also comprise acoustic agglomeration chamber, the top exit of described wet flue gas desulfurization tower communicates with the bottom entrance of described acoustic agglomeration chamber, and described wet flue gas desulfurization tower is for carrying out wet process of FGD to flue gas.
Wherein, described acoustic agglomeration chamber comprises diffusion type steam jet, steam mass flow controller, sound wave generating unit, demister and flooding nozzle,
Described diffusion type steam jet is arranged at the porch of described acoustic agglomeration chamber interior, spray direction and flue gas opposite direction, described steam mass flow controller is arranged at the outside of described acoustic agglomeration chamber and is connected with described diffusion type steam jet, diffusion type steam jet sprays into flue gas use in the mode of adverse current by steam, and by the addition of steam flow controller steam regulation, thereby regulate the indoor flue gas degree of supersaturation of acoustic agglomeration.
Described sound wave generating unit comprises signal generator, power amplifier and at least one sound source, and described sound source is connected with a side of described acoustic agglomeration chamber by flexible anemostat, and described sound source is connected with power amplifier successively with signal generator; The length of the flexible anemostat being connected with acoustic agglomeration chamber by adjusting sound source can regulate the integral multiple that the distance of sound source and acoustic agglomeration chamber offside is wavelength, thereby at the one or more standing-wave sound fields of the indoor formation of acoustic agglomeration, by signal generator and power amplifier, regulate frequency and the sound pressure level of sound source simultaneously.
Described demister and flooding nozzle are arranged at the top exit place of described acoustic agglomeration chamber; Described demister is arranged on the below of flooding nozzle, the flushing direction of described flooding nozzle and flue gas opposite direction, wherein, demister is for removing the fine particle of condensation growth, and flooding nozzle is for regularly cleaning to guarantee the efficiency of dust collection of demister to demister.
The number of sound source can roughly determine according to flue gas treating capacity, when the particle content of flue gas is too high, several sound sources can be set more.Preferably, the number of sound source is 2～8.
Preferably, the frequency of described sound source is 1600～2200Hz, and sound pressure level is 110dB～140dB.
As preferably, described demister is mesh mist eliminator or corrugated plating demister.
Described device is also provided with dust outlet in the bottom of acoustic agglomeration chamber.
The invention allows for a kind of method of controlling the discharge of wet process of FGD fine grained, comprise the steps:
(A) wet process of FGD: high-temperature flue gas is introduced and carried out wet process of FGD in wet process of FGD chamber;
(B) adjust sound source running parameter: the operating frequency of selecting sound source, calculate the wave length of sound under this operating frequency, by regulating the length of the flexible anemostat that sound source is connected with acoustic agglomeration chamber to make the integral multiple that the distance of sound source and acoustic agglomeration chamber offside is wavelength, with at the indoor formation standing-wave sound field of acoustic agglomeration;
(C) steam phase transforming and acoustic agglomeration: the flue gas of processing through wet process of FGD in step is introduced to acoustic agglomeration chamber, according to the temperature of wet flue gas desulfurization tower exit flow, humidity, the flue gas degree of supersaturation S of flue gas flow and acoustic agglomeration chamber, calculate required steam addition, to acoustic agglomeration chamber inlet, place sprays into steam, make flue gas degree of supersaturation S >=1 of acoustic agglomeration chamber, open and be arranged on the indoor sound source of acoustic agglomeration simultaneously, according to smoke treatment situation, open one or more sound sources, thereby at the one or more standing-wave sound fields of the indoor formation of acoustic agglomeration, the fine grained of take in flue gas at the indoor supersaturated vapor of acoustic agglomeration undergoes phase transition condensation growth as the nuclei of condensation, under the effect of standing-wave sound field, there is the effect of growing up of reuniting simultaneously,
(D) demist discharge: the fine grained in flue gas is reunited with growing up through step (C) and removed by demister, and the flue gas after purification is connected to smoke stack emission by air-introduced machine, and fine grained exports discharge by dust.
Wherein, preferably, described in step (B), the operating frequency of sound source is 1600Hz～2200Hz, and sound pressure level is 110dB～140dB.
The operation principle of device of the present invention is: hot flue gas enters wet flue gas desulfurization tower, in desulfurizing tower with doctor solution counter current contacting, the water capacity of flue gas is improved rapidly, general desulfurizing tower outlet smoke moisture reaches more than 85%, desulfurizing tower outlet high-humidity gas fume enters into acoustic agglomeration chamber, by being arranged on the diffusion type steam jet at acoustic agglomeration chamber inlet place, steam is sprayed into, because desulfurizing tower outlet humidity of flue gas is very high, only need to add a small amount of steam and just can make flue gas degree of supersaturation S >=1, start sound source, according to smoke treatment situation, can open one or more sound sources simultaneously, at the one or more standing-wave sound fields of the indoor formation of acoustic agglomeration, at the indoor supersaturated vapor of acoustic agglomeration, take fine grained and undergo phase transition condensation growth as the nuclei of condensation, under sound wave effect, there is the effect of growing up of reuniting simultaneously, acoustic agglomeration and steam phase transforming are mutually promoted, improved greatly the fine grained efficiency of growing up of reuniting, drop after condensation growth is removed by demister, and by being arranged on the flooding nozzle at top, acoustic agglomeration chamber, regularly demister is cleaned to the efficiency of dust collection of guaranteeing demister, the purifying smoke of acoustic agglomeration chamber outlet is connected to smoke stack emission.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is directed to the high feature of wet fuel gas desulfurizing technology outlet flue gas moisture content, only needing to add a small amount of steam can reach capacity or hypersaturated state, application sound wave is processed supersaturation flue gas, make fine grained under sound wave and phase transformation coupling effect, occur to reunite and phase transformation condensation growth simultaneously, the reunion that has greatly the improved fine particle efficiency of growing up, effectively reduce the sound field intensity of steam addition and acoustic agglomeration, adopt efficient demister to remove the drop of condensation growth, realized and under low energy consumption, efficiently removed PM
2.5object.By wet fuel gas desulfurizing technology is controlled and is combined with sound wave phase transformation, effectively avoided traditional acoustic agglomeration to promote the defect that efficiency is low, sound pressure level is high, energy consumption is large that fine grained is reunited and grown up, while having avoided utilizing steam phase transforming principle to promote that fine particle removes, single interpolation steam that relies on makes the flue gas that moisture content is low realize the very high defect of the required energy consumption of supersaturation simultaneously.Acoustic agglomeration and steam phase transforming effect are combined, two kinds of effects are mutually promoted, greatly reduce the sound pressure level of acoustic agglomeration, reduced the energy consumption of acoustic agglomeration, and improved greatly fine grain removal efficiency.Simultaneously, this device by flue gas regulate, fine grained reunites with growing up and concentrates on the effect that removes that acoustic agglomeration is indoor to be completed, overcome steam phase transforming and need to set up the problem of conditioning chamber and phase transformation chamber simultaneously, simplify greatly wet process of FGD and controlled the apparatus structure that fine grained discharges, simplified operation process and operating cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the preferred version of application device of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
A kind of device of controlling the discharge of wet process of FGD fine grained, as shown in Figure 1, comprise wet flue gas desulfurization tower 1 and acoustic agglomeration chamber 7, wet flue gas desulfurization tower 1 inside arranges doctor solution nozzle 2 and a mist separator of desulfurization 3 of 3 groups of parallel connections, and mist separator of desulfurization 3 is arranged at the top of doctor solution nozzle 2.The top exit of wet flue gas desulfurization tower 1 communicates with the bottom entrance of acoustic agglomeration chamber 7, and wherein, acoustic agglomeration chamber 7 comprises diffusion type steam jet 5, steam mass flow controller 6, sound wave generating unit, demister 12 and flooding nozzle 13.Sound wave generating unit comprises to 3 sound sources 8, power amplifier 9, signal generator 10 and telescopic flexible anemostat 11, sound source 8 is connected with signal generator 10 successively with power amplifier 9, wherein sound source 8 is connected with a side of acoustic agglomeration 7 by flexible anemostat 11, by regulating the length of flexible anemostat 11 can regulate the integral multiple that the distance of sound source 8 and acoustic agglomeration chamber offside is wavelength, thereby at the one or more standing-wave sound fields of the interior formation in acoustic agglomeration chamber 7, by power amplifier 9 and signal generator 10, regulate frequency and the sound pressure level of sound source 8 simultaneously.Diffusion type steam jet 5 is arranged at the porch of 7 inside, acoustic agglomeration chamber, spray direction and flue gas opposite direction; Steam mass flow controller 6 is arranged at the outside of acoustic agglomeration chamber 7 and is connected with diffusion type steam jet 5; Diffusion type steam jet 5 sprays into steam in flue gas in the mode of adverse current, and by the addition of steam flow controller 6 steam regulation, thereby regulate the flue gas degree of supersaturation in acoustic agglomeration chamber 7.Demister 12 and flooding nozzle 13 are arranged at the top exit place of described acoustic agglomeration chamber 7; Demister 12 is arranged on the below of flooding nozzle 13, the flushing direction of flooding nozzle 13 and flue gas opposite direction.In order further to improve the fine grain emission effect of wet process of FGD, device of the present invention can also comprise an electrostatic precipitator 16, this electrostatic precipitator is connected with the entrance of wet flue gas desulfurization tower, by electrostatic precipitator, can tentatively remove the big dust particle in flue gas.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 2, illustrate that the present invention controls a specific embodiments of the technological process of fine grained discharge in coal-burning wet flue gas desulfuration process.The big dust particle that the high-temperature flue gas that coal-burning boiler 15 produces is first removed in flue gas through electrostatic precipitator 16, high-temperature flue gas after dedusting enters desulfurizing tower 1, the reverse contact of doctor solution with doctor solution nozzle 2 sprays, flue-gas temperature is reduced to 50～65 ℃ by original 90～120 ℃, smoke moisture is brought up to more than 85% or is approached hypersaturated state, and the flue gas after desulfurization removes through desulfurizer mist eliminator 3 that water smoke is laggard enters acoustic agglomeration chamber 7.
Flue gas degree of supersaturation S according to temperature, humidity, flue gas flow and the acoustic agglomeration chamber 7 of wet flue gas desulfurization tower 1 outlet flue gas, calculates required steam addition, and computing formula is as follows:
In formula, Q is exhaust gas volumn, and S is degree of supersaturation, saturated vapor pressure when Ps is temperature T (T is flue-gas temperature),
for initial flue gas relative humidity, ρ
vfor vapour density, m is steam mass flow, the gross pressure that P is flue gas.
Select the operating frequency of sound source 8, calculate the wave length of sound under this operating frequency, the length of the flexible anemostat 11 being connected with acoustic agglomeration chamber 7 by adjusting sound source 8 makes the integral multiple that the distance of sound source 8 and acoustic agglomeration chamber 7 offsides is wavelength, with the interior formation standing-wave sound field in acoustic agglomeration chamber 7, by signal power amplifier 9 and signal generator 10, regulate frequency and the sound pressure level of sound source 8, the frequency of sound source 8 is adjustable arbitrarily within the scope of 1600～2200Hz, and sound pressure level is adjustable arbitrarily within the scope of 110dB～140dB.
Determine after the frequency of steam addition and sound source 8, desulfurizing tower 1 outlet high-humidity gas fume is incorporated into acoustic agglomeration chamber 7, the diffusion type steam jet 5 that unlatching is arranged on 7 porch, acoustic agglomeration chamber sprays into steam, by steam flow controller 6 steam regulation additions, flue gas degree of supersaturation S >=1 in acoustic agglomeration chamber 7, open sound source 8 simultaneously, according to smoke treatment situation, can open one or more sound sources 8 simultaneously, at the one or more standing-wave sound fields of the interior formation in acoustic agglomeration chamber 7, at the interior supersaturated vapor in acoustic agglomeration chamber 7, take fine grained and undergo phase transition condensation growth as the nuclei of condensation, under sound wave effect, there is the effect of growing up of reuniting simultaneously, acoustic agglomeration and steam phase transforming are mutually promoted, improved greatly the fine grained efficiency of growing up of reuniting, drop after condensation growth is removed by demister 12, by being arranged on the flooding nozzle 13 at 7 tops, acoustic agglomeration chamber, regularly demister 12 is cleaned to the efficiency of dust collection of guaranteeing demister 12, the purifying smoke of acoustic agglomeration chamber 7 outlets is connected to chimney 18 discharges by air-introduced machine 17, fine grained is discharged by the dust outlet of 7 bottoms, acoustic agglomeration chamber.
The present invention is directed to the high feature of wet fuel gas desulfurizing technology outlet flue gas moisture content, only needing to add a small amount of steam can reach capacity or hypersaturated state, application sound wave is processed supersaturation flue gas, make fine grained under sound wave and phase transformation coupling effect, occur to reunite and phase transformation condensation growth simultaneously, the reunion that has greatly the improved fine particle efficiency of growing up, effectively reduce the sound field intensity of steam addition and acoustic agglomeration, adopt efficient demister to remove the drop of condensation growth, realized and under low energy consumption, efficiently removed PM
2.5object.By wet fuel gas desulfurizing technology is controlled and is combined with sound wave phase transformation, effectively avoided traditional acoustic agglomeration to promote the defect that efficiency is low, sound pressure level is high, energy consumption is large that fine grained is reunited and grown up, while having avoided utilizing steam phase transforming principle to promote that fine particle removes, single interpolation steam that relies on makes the flue gas that moisture content is low realize the very high defect of the required energy consumption of supersaturation simultaneously.Acoustic agglomeration and steam phase transforming effect are combined, two kinds of effects are mutually promoted, greatly reduce the sound pressure level of acoustic agglomeration, reduced the energy consumption of acoustic agglomeration, and improved greatly fine grain removal efficiency.Simultaneously, this device by flue gas regulate, fine grained reunites with growing up and concentrates on the effect that removes that acoustic agglomeration is indoor to be completed, overcome steam phase transforming and need to set up the problem of conditioning chamber and phase transformation chamber simultaneously, simplify greatly wet process of FGD and controlled the apparatus structure that fine grained discharges, simplified operation process and operating cost.
Claims (8)
1. control the device that wet process of FGD fine grained discharges for one kind, this device comprises wet flue gas desulfurization tower (1), it is characterized in that, it also comprises acoustic agglomeration chamber (7), and the top exit of described wet flue gas desulfurization tower (1) communicates with the bottom entrance of described acoustic agglomeration chamber (7);
Wherein, described acoustic agglomeration chamber (7) comprises diffusion type steam jet (5), steam mass flow controller (6), sound wave generating unit, demister (12) and flooding nozzle (13);
Described diffusion type steam jet (5) is arranged at inner porch, described acoustic agglomeration chamber (7), spray direction and flue gas opposite direction;
Described steam mass flow controller (6) is arranged at the outside of described acoustic agglomeration chamber (7) and is connected with described diffusion type steam jet (6);
Described sound wave generating unit comprises power amplifier (9), signal generator (10) and at least one sound source (8), described sound source (8) is connected with a side of described acoustic agglomeration chamber (7) by flexible anemostat (11), and described sound source (8) is connected with signal generator (10) successively with power amplifier (9);
Described demister (12) and flooding nozzle (13) are arranged at the top exit place of described acoustic agglomeration chamber (7); Described demister (12) is arranged on the below of flooding nozzle (13), the flushing direction of described flooding nozzle (13) and flue gas opposite direction.
2. the device of control wet process of FGD fine grained discharge according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the number of described sound source (8) is 2～8.
3. the device of control wet process of FGD fine grained discharge according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the frequency of described sound source (8) is 1600Hz～2200Hz, and sound pressure level is 110dB～140dB.
4. the device of control wet process of FGD fine grained discharge according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described demister (12) is mesh mist eliminator or corrugated plating demister.
5. the device of control wet process of FGD fine grained discharge according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the size of described acoustic agglomeration chamber (7) is determined by the exhaust gas volumn of processing, guaranteed the time of staying >=3 second of flue gas in acoustic agglomeration chamber (7).
6. the device of control wet process of FGD fine grained discharge according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bottom of described acoustic agglomeration chamber (7) is provided with dust outlet.
7. a method of controlling the discharge of wet process of FGD fine grained, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(A) wet process of FGD: high-temperature flue gas is introduced in wet process of FGD chamber (1) and carried out wet process of FGD;
(B) adjust sound source running parameter: the operating frequency of selecting sound source (8), calculate the wave length of sound under this operating frequency, the length of the flexible anemostat (11) being connected with acoustic agglomeration chamber (7) by adjusting sound source (8) makes the integral multiple that the distance of sound source (8) and acoustic agglomeration chamber (7) offside is wavelength, to form standing-wave sound field in acoustic agglomeration chamber (7);
(C) steam phase transforming and acoustic agglomeration: the flue gas of processing through wet process of FGD in step (A) is introduced to acoustic agglomeration chamber (7), according to the temperature of wet flue gas desulfurization tower (1) exit flow, humidity, the flue gas degree of supersaturation S of flue gas flow and acoustic agglomeration chamber (7), calculate required steam addition, to porch, acoustic agglomeration chamber (7), spray into steam, make flue gas degree of supersaturation S >=1 of acoustic agglomeration chamber (7), open the sound source (8) being arranged in acoustic agglomeration chamber (7) simultaneously, according to smoke treatment situation, open one or more sound sources (8), thereby in acoustic agglomeration chamber (7), form one or more standing-wave sound fields, the fine grained that supersaturated vapor in acoustic agglomeration chamber (7) be take in flue gas undergoes phase transition condensation growth as the nuclei of condensation, under the effect of standing-wave sound field, there is the effect of growing up of reuniting simultaneously,
(D) demist discharge: the fine grained in flue gas is reunited with growing up through step (C) and removed by demister, and the flue gas after purification is connected to chimney (18) discharge by air-introduced machine (17), and fine grained exports eliminating by dust.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the operating frequency of described sound source (8) is 1600Hz～2200Hz, and sound pressure level is 110dB～140dB.
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