CN104147199B - 一种用于治疗尿毒症的中药 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗尿毒症的中药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于治疗尿毒症的中药，它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成：黄柏5份、麻叶绣球果3份、黄耆20份、响铃草30份、佩兰6份、相思子根8份、篦梳剑15份。临床实验证明，本发明能够安全有效治疗尿毒症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药，具体涉及一种用于治疗尿毒症的中药。
背景技术
尿毒症即慢性肾衰竭，是指各种肾脏病导致肾脏功能渐进性不可逆性减退，直至功能丧失所出现的一系列症状和代谢紊乱所组成的临床综合征，简称慢性肾衰。慢性肾衰的终末期即为人们常说的尿毒症。尿毒症不是一个独立的疾病，而是各种晚期的肾脏病共有的临床综合征，是慢性肾功能衰竭进入终末阶段时出现的一系列临床表现所组成的综合征。尿毒症不是一个独立的病，而是一组临床综合征。慢性肾衰的终末阶段，肾脏的三大功能丧失，出现一系列症状和代谢紊乱，从而形成尿毒症。尿毒症的诊断并非只看血肌酐的水平，还要综合上述各个系统的临床表现。
中医认为，尿毒症是因肾炎等疾病迁延不愈，久病必於，久病入络，肾络淤阻，肾单位坏死，肾小球硬化使肾脏萎缩而无法分清降浊，气血淤滞，血液中的肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸值不断升高，而尿量不断减少，尿色清白无味，应该留在血液中的蛋白丢失到尿液里，应该从尿液里排出的毒素却留在血液里。中医认为，脾肾虚为尿毒症发病的基础。在此基础上，根据每个病人的病情轻重程度、体质、性别、年龄、饮食习惯以及地域、治疗时间等的不同，灵活性地处方用药，通过整体调理提高患者体质，增强防病抗病能力。同时，中医注重对病人进行心理疏导，帮助病人认识和适应疾病；并取得患者家人的配合，指导病人活动、锻炼以及饮食、生活起居，观察病情变化，自测并记录血压、体重等变化，注意未病先防，既病防变，及早治疗。通过饮食调养的方式也可达到治病防病的目的。因此，针对慢性肾衰的食疗方，在治疗尿毒症时也可以配合使用，如黄芪薏米粥、鲤鱼冬瓜汤、冬虫夏草煲老鸭等。中西医结合治疗能起到明显的协同作用，有助于巩固疗效，减少病情复发。
本发明所涉及药材研究现状如下：
黄柏【别名】黄檗、元柏、檗木【来源】本品为芸香科植物黄皮树PhellodendronchinenseSchneid.或黄檗PhellodendronamurenseRupr.的干燥树皮。前者习称“川黄柏”，后者习称“关黄柏”。剥取树皮后，除去粗皮，晒干。【性味】苦，寒。【归经】归肾、膀胱经。【功能主治】清热燥湿，泻火除蒸，解毒疗疮。用于湿热泻痢，黄疸，带下，热淋，脚气，痿（辟），骨蒸劳热，盗汗，遗精，疮疡肿毒，湿疹瘙痒。盐黄柏滋阴降火。用于阴虚火旺，盗汗骨蒸。【用法用量】3～12g。
麻叶绣球果【来源】药材基源：为蔷薇科植物绣球绣线菊的果实。拉丁植物动物矿物名：SpiraeablumeiG.Don采收和储藏：秋季果实成熟时采收，晒干。【性味】辛，微温。【归经】脾；胃经。【功能主治】理气和中。主脘腹胀痛。【用法用量】内服：研末3g。
黄耆【别名】戴糁（《本经》），戴椹、独椹、蜀脂、百本（《别录》），王孙（《药性论》），百药绵（侯宁极《药谱》），绵黄耆（《本草图经》），黄芪（《纲目》），箭芪（刘仕廉《医学集成》），土山爆张根（《新疆药材》），独根（《甘肃中药手册》），二人抬（《辽宁经济植物志》）。【来源】豆科植物黄耆或内蒙黄耆等的干燥根。秋季采挖。除净泥土，切去根头部及支根，晒干后分别打捆。或晒至六、七成干，捆成小捆，再晒干。【性味】甘，微温。【归经】入肺、脾经。【功能主治】生用：益卫固表，利水消肿，托毒，生肌。治自汗，盗汗，血痹，浮肿，痈疽不溃或溃久不敛。炙用：补中益气。治内伤劳倦，脾虚泄泻，脱肛，气虎血脱，崩带，及一切气衰血虚之证。【用法用量】内服，15-25g。
响铃草【别名】野花生（《中国植物志》），荷猪草、黄花野百合（《中国主要植物图说·豆科》），马响铃（《滇南本草整理本》），铃铃草、肾气草（《四川中药志》），响铃子（《中国药植图鉴》），小狗响铃、假地豆、地响铃、野豌豆、马小莲、野毛豆（《云南中草药选》），马铃草、响亮草、荷承草（江西《草药手册》）。【来源】为豆科植物假地蓝的全草或带根全草。夏季采收，晒干，或切段晒干。【性味】苦微酸，寒。【归经】《滇南本草》：“入肺。”【功能主治】敛肺气，补脾肾，利小便，消肿毒。治久咳痰血，耳鸣，耳聋，梦遗，慢性肾炎，膀胱炎，肾结石，扁桃腺炎，淋巴腺炎，疔毒，恶疮。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，25g-50g；或炖肉。
佩兰【别名】兰草、泽兰、圆梗泽兰、省头草。【来源】本品为菊科植物佩兰EupatoriumfortuneiTurcz.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季分两次采割，除去杂质，晒干。【归经】归脾、胃、肺经。【功能主治】芳香化湿，醒脾开胃，发表解暑。用于湿浊中阻，脘痞呕恶，口中甜腻，口臭，多涎，暑湿表症，头胀胸闷。【用法用量】3～9g。
相思子根【来源】药材基源：为豆科植物相思子的根。拉丁植物动物矿物名：AbrusprecatoriusL.采收和储藏：全年均可采挖，除去杂质，切段，晒干。【性味】甘；凉。【归经】肺；胆；膀胱经。【功能主治】清热解毒，利尿。主咽喉肿痛，支气管炎，黄疸，肝炎。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，6-9g。
篦梳剑【别名】矛叶蹄盖蕨、山鸭蕨、手指甲、舌子风（《广西中兽医药植》），小石剑（《福建中草药》），剑叶卷莲、分金草、叶下青、小金刀、天蜈蚣、青根（《湖南药物志》），石箬（《温岭县药物资源名录》），小连铁草（《贵州药植目录》）。【来源】为蹄盖蕨科植物单叶双盖蕨的全草。【性味】①《福建中草药》：“微苦，寒。”②《湖南药物志》：“苦涩，微寒，无毒。”【功能主治】凉血，止血，利尿通淋。治肺结核咳痰带血，热淋尿血，目赤肿痛。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，15-25g。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于治疗尿毒症的中药，通过选择合适的药材及其配比，达到安全有效治愈尿毒症的目的。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种用于治疗尿毒症的中药，其特征在于，它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成：黄柏5份、麻叶绣球果3份、黄耆20份、响铃草30份、佩兰6份、相思子根8份、篦梳剑15份。
发明人认为尿毒症一般属于中医学的“关格”、“癃闭”、“水肿”、“虚劳”、“肾风”等证的范畴。尿毒症的中医辨治应该从扶正祛邪之根本人手，亟须注意邪正虚实，标本缓急，虚在何脏，实为何邪，或留人治病以治标，或治病留人以固本，或扶正祛邪，标本兼顾，更要注意阴阳气血的偏盛或偏衰等，故组配本方。
下面结合临床实验数据说明本发明的有益效果：
1、一般资料
发明人2010年10月~2013年6月间共收集60例肾内科住院及专科门诊患者。其中男34例，女26例；年龄32-81（56.5±12.2）岁；病程1-10（6.0±2.6）；原发病分别为：慢性肾小球肾炎22例，糖尿病肾病12例，高血压肾小球动脉硬化症10例，其他（包括梗阻性肾病、慢性问质性肾病、多囊肾、狼疮性肾炎等）16例。随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。2组性别、年龄及病程比较差异无统计学意义，具有可比性。
诊断标准
本组病例均符合中华医学会肾脏病专业委员会1992年制定的慢性肾功能衰竭分期诊断标准（GFR<10mL/min，SCr>707μmol/L）。患者均有高血压、贫血、浮肿、蛋白尿等症状。
2、试验方法
2.1治疗方法
入选患者均给予低盐优质蛋白低磷饮食，同时给予CRF基础治疗，配合降压、改善贫血、纠正酸中毒等对症治疗。治疗组口服本发明按照具体实施例1制得的煎剂，每日3次。疗程3周。
对照组口服肾衰宁胶囊，按照其说明书服用。疗程3周。
3、疗效标准与治疗结果
3.1疗效标准
按1992年肾脏病专业委员会制定的慢性肾功能衰竭疗效评定标准分别为显效、有效、无效。显效为临床症状明显改善，SCr、BUN降低
>30%；有效为临床症状改善，SCr、BUN降低>10%；无效为临床症状无改善，SCr、BUN无变化或者升高。
3.2治疗结果见表1。
表1两组疗效比较
| 组别 | 例数 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率(%) |
| 治疗组 | 30 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 83.33% |
| 对照组 | 30 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 63．33% |
可见，本发明制得的药物能够安全有效治疗尿毒症，具有推广价值。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解和实施本发明，下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
具体实施例1
称取：黄柏5克、麻叶绣球果3克、黄耆20克、响铃草30克、佩兰6克、相思子根8克、篦梳剑15克；加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；滤渣加6倍量水，煎煮1小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩至120克，即得符合正常成人一天用量的煎剂。
用于治疗尿毒症。口服，每日分早中晚三次服用。
具体实施例2
称取：黄柏5克、麻叶绣球果3克、黄耆20克、响铃草30克、佩兰6克、相思子根8克、篦梳剑15克；加10倍量水，煎煮2小时，过滤；滤渣加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩，干燥，包装，即得符合正常成人一天用量的散剂。
用于治疗尿毒症。口服，每日每日分早晚两次服用。
具体实施例3
称取：黄柏5克、麻叶绣球果3克、黄耆20克、响铃草30克、佩兰6克、相思子根8克、篦梳剑15克；加6倍量水，煎煮3次，每次煎煮1小时，合并煎煮液，浓缩，干燥，装入胶囊壳，即得符合正常成人一天用量的胶囊剂。
用于治疗尿毒症。口服，每日分早晚两次服用。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于治疗尿毒症的中药，其特征在于，它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成：黄柏5份、麻叶绣球果3份、黄芪20份、响铃草30份、佩兰6份、相思子根8份、篦梳剑15份。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗尿毒症的中药，其特征在于，其制备方法为：称取：黄柏5份、麻叶绣球果3份、黄芪20份、响铃草30份、佩兰6份、相思子根8份、篦梳剑15份；加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；滤渣加6倍量水，煎煮1小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩至120份，即得煎剂；上述份均是指重量份。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗尿毒症的中药，其特征在于，其制备方法为：称取：黄柏5份、麻叶绣球果3份、黄芪20份、响铃草30份、佩兰6份、相思子根8份、篦梳剑15份；加10倍量水，煎煮2小时，过滤；滤渣加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩，干燥，包装，即得散剂；上述份均是指重量份。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗尿毒症的中药，其特征在于，其制备方法为：称取：黄柏5份、麻叶绣球果3份、黄芪20份、响铃草30份、佩兰6份、相思子根8份、篦梳剑15份；加6倍量水，煎煮3次，每次煎煮1小时，合并煎煮液，浓缩，干燥，装入胶囊壳，即得胶囊剂；上述份均是指重量份。
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