CN104143816B - 用于因中间电路电容器故障导致绝缘损坏的保护电路 - Google Patents

用于因中间电路电容器故障导致绝缘损坏的保护电路 Download PDF

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CN104143816B
CN104143816B CN201410146937.XA CN201410146937A CN104143816B CN 104143816 B CN104143816 B CN 104143816B CN 201410146937 A CN201410146937 A CN 201410146937A CN 104143816 B CN104143816 B CN 104143816B
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rheostat
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intermediate circuit
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CN104143816A (zh
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斯蒂芬·康姆雷特
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Moore Fen Genyibipaite Ltd Co
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/16Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for capacitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/062Avoiding or suppressing excessive transient voltages or currents
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H02P29/0241Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an overvoltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0833Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/443Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14Electronic commutators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16Circuit arrangements for detecting position

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于EC马达(6)的中间电路(1),包括至少两个相同的串联的电容器(10a,10b),电容器用于连接标称工作在额定电压(UZK)的EC马达(6)的电子换向装置(5),其特征在于:将变阻器(12a,12b)分别与每个串联电容器(10a,10b)并行连接,其中,所有变阻器(12a,12b)都被同样地设计,并且规定电容器(10a,10b)和变阻器(12a,12b)的大小,使得变阻器(12a,12b)的门限电压低于各个并行连接的电容器(10a,10b)的击穿电压,并且在电容器(10a,10b)或变阻器(12a,12b)故障的情况下,剩余变阻器(12a,12b)的门限电压之和,即并联到剩余电容器(10a,10b)的各变阻器(12a,12b)的电压,小于或等于中间电路(1)的额定电压(UZK),并且串联变阻器(12a,12b)的门限电压之和大于中间电路(1)的额定电压(UZK)。

Description

用于因中间电路电容器故障导致绝缘损坏的保护电路
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于EC马达的中间电路,包括至少两个相似的串联的电容器,所述电容器用于连接EC马达的电子换向装置,使其在额定电压下能标称操作。本发明进一步涉及一种具有该中间电路的EC马达。
出于空间和成本方面的原因,该中间电路通常用于取代具有单个较大电容器的中间电路。
背景技术
在故障模拟的应用环境下,对于故障,要检查电动机的中间电路,这在低压准则下执行以便用于进行产品鉴定和检查符合性。在此,例如,电容器故障的影响也可以通过已经故障的电容器中的短路来验证。由于一个串联电容器的短路,在剩下的那个串联电容器上会发生过压。在某些情况下,这将导致电容器的爆炸,并且因此而释放的爆炸电容器的电解材料将被洒落,尤其是洒落到中间电路的导体板上。中间电路的导体板包括用于在网络电路和可接触金属部件之间产生所需要的绝缘的绝缘基板,其防止发生电击的危险。由于在导体板的绝缘基板的区域上聚集了电解液,在电源电路和可接触金属部件之间的漏电痕迹就增加了,并且在验证对低压准则的符合性的情况下,高压测试不能成功通过。因此,故障模拟存在负面的效果。
在已知的中间电路中,需要防止电容器的爆炸,例如,通过在元件之前增加串联的保险丝。然而,安装在元件之前的保险丝只对过强电流作出反应,因此,只有在将要爆炸的电容器产生该高电流的时候才会反应,因此,在某些情况下,电容器仍然会爆炸。而且用于中间电路内高直流电压的保险丝也是非常大的,并且他们也产生相对较高的成本。可选地或可额外地,在已知的中间电路中,通过对电容器进行特殊封装来防止电解液材料的散落。导体板的封装是昂贵的,产生了额外的成本,并且,受制于电路,其并不能以使得电解液无法到达电路的任何其他区域的方式实现。这些方案是复杂的、成本高,并且他们需要相对大的安装空间。
发明内容
本发明基于的问题在于:尽可能以最简单、可靠、成本节约并且节省空间的方式在电容器的短路测试中使中间电路和低压准则相符合。
根据本发明,此问题通过以下方式解决:分别将变阻器与每个串联电容器并联,其中,所有变阻器都设计相同,并且规定电容器和变阻器的大小以便变阻器的门限电压低于各个并联电容器的击穿电压,并且在电容器或变阻器故障的情况下,剩余变阻器,即各个并联到剩余电容器的变阻器的门限电压的和,小于或等于中间电路的额定电压,并且串联变阻器的门限电压之和大于中间电路的额定电压。
由于变阻器的门限电压小于电容器的击穿电压,且由于变阻器已被如此限定,在变阻器故障的情况下,剩余变阻器的门限电压之和小于或等于中间电路的额定电压,所以可以确保,只要电容器或变阻器故障,在剩余变阻器上的部分额定电压就会超过他们各自的门限电压。因此,剩余变阻器的电阻就会大大减小,从而在并联的电容器上的工作电压就会立即降低,并且不会达到击穿电压,从而可靠地保护了电容器而不会爆炸。由于变阻器的门限电压之和大于中间电路的额定电压,可以确保,所有工作的电容器都标称工作,变阻器的门限电压不会达到中间电路的额定电压。变阻器的电阻在门限电压之下相对高,并且在标称工作中,小于门限电压的部分额定电压被施加到每个电容器,分别施加到并联的每个变阻器上。因此可以确保中间电路的标称工作能力。相比于现有在电解液电容器之前的保险丝,其优点在于在电容器爆炸之前变阻器就已经短路了电容器。此外,相比较而言,变阻器更有利于封装,并且他们需要更小的安装空间,从而节省了空间和成本。
附图说明
本发明的进一步细节、特征和有利变形从下面描述的实施例、附图以及所附权利要求书中得以阐述和再现。这里:
图1显示了根据本发明的在标称工作下的具有电源入口电路、保险丝和整流器的中间电路的框图,和
图2显示了根据本发明的在故障情况下具有电源入口电路、保险丝和整流器的中间电路的框图。
在附图的不同的标记中,相同的部件总是具有相同的参考数字。
具体实施方式
关于下面的描述,明确强调的是,本发明并不限制于这些实施例,并且也不限于所描述的特征的组合的全部或部分;相反,每个单独的部分特征/每个实施例与在此描述的所有其他部分特征分离开来以及与另一实施例的任何特征组合,其自身也具有发明的意义,独立于特征的组合以及权利要求的参考也可以。
在图1中,展示了在标称工作下的具有保险丝3和整流器4的电源入口电路2的根据本发明的中间电路1。中间电路1通过电子换向装置5连接到马达6。中间电路1以额定电压UZK在标称状态下工作,该额定电压是由电源入口电路2和整流器4产生的。这里,存在额定电流IN流入量,电源入口电路的保险丝3被设计得相对于该额定电流来说具有足够的大小。中间电路包括多个串联的电容器10a,10b。设计电容器10a,10b以便它们彼此相同,尤其是具有相同的击穿电压和电容。这里,规定了击穿电压以便所有串联的电容器10a,10b的击穿电压的和大于中间电路的额定电压UZK
所展现的中间电路1的实施例包括两个电容器10a,10b,优选是两个电解液电容器。原则上,根据本发明的中间电路1也可以包括多于两个串联的电容器10a,10b。在标称工作状态下,在所展现的实施例中,部分额定电压UZK/2被施加到电容器10a,10b。电容器10a,10b的击穿电压分别大于UZK/2。
关于串联电容器10a,10b,变阻器12a,12b在所有情况下都并行连接到每一个电容器10a,10b。这里也规定了变阻器的大小以便他们相互相同,尤其是具有典型地应用给各个变阻器的相同的门限电压。
规定变阻器12a,12b的大小以便串联变阻器12a,12b的门限电压之和大于中间电路1的额定电压UZK。在所展现的实施例中,变阻器12a,12b的门限值大于部分额定电压UZK/2。因此,在标称工作下,在各个电容器10a,10b和并联变阻器12a,12b上的部分额定电压分别小于各个变阻器12a,12b的门限电压。在标称工作状态下,变阻器12a,12b的电阻具有相对高的欧姆值,因此,电容器不会短路。这防止了变阻器在标称工作下引起短路。
对于在故障情况下需要保护的电容器10a,10b,电容器10a,10b和变阻器12a,12b被规定了大小,以便变阻器12a,12b的门限电压小于各个并联的电容器10a,10b的击穿电压,并且在电容器10a,10b或变阻器12a,12b故障的情况下,剩余变阻器12a,12b的门限电压之和,即并联到剩余电容器10a,10b的变阻器12a,12b的电压之和,小于/等于中间电路1的额定电压UZK
对于所展现的实施例,应当确定的是,电容器10a,10b的击穿电压>变阻器12a,12b,的门限电压,并且额定电压UZK≥变阻器12a,12b的门限电压>UZK/2。
在图2中,表示了在故障情况下的同一电路,尤其是在电容器10a,10b其中一个处于短路的情况下。为了防止由于串联到附加电容器10a,10b的电容器10a,10b的故障导致对绝缘的破坏,必须防止电容器10a,10b爆炸。在施加过压之后,电容器10a,10b的爆炸并不会立发生。
在电容器10b故障的情况下,并联变阻器12b被短路,在剩余电容器10a上的部分额定电压以及在并联到所述电容器上的变阻器12a上的部分额定电压增加。在所展示的实施例中,在电容器10a和变阻器12a上的部分额定电压增加到两倍。如果部分额定电压增加超过电容器10a的击穿电压,那么将存在电容器10a爆炸的危险。然而,由于变阻器12a的门限电压小于电容器10a的击穿电压,所以变阻器12a的内阻突然变小并短路并联电容器10a,从而在达到其击穿电压之前降低电容器10a上的部分额定电压。
由于通过变阻器12a所实现的短路,所以存在过电流,因此电源输入电路的保险丝3会响应并在切断整个电路。
图1和图2显示了具有单相电源的电子设备。然而,作为保护电路的电容器10a,10b和变阻器12a,12b的配置也适用于具有多相电源的电子设备。
本发明并不局限于所展示和描述的实施例,相反,其也包括具有根据本发明的相同效果的所有实施方式。需要明确强调的是,这些实施例并不限于所有特征的组合;相反,每个单独的部分特征与其他所有部分特征分离开来,其自身也可以具有发明的意义。而且,至此本发明也不限制于在各自独立权利要求中限定的特征的组合;相反,其也可以由整体上公开的所有单独特征的某些特征的任何其他需要的组合来限定。这就意味着,在实际原则上,各个独立权利要求的任何单个特征可以被省略或由本申请其他地方公开的至少一个单独特征来代替。为了达到那样的程度,权利要求书应当被理解为仅仅是明确叙述本发明的最初尝试。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于EC马达(6)的中间电路(1),包括至少两个相同的串联的电容器(10a,10b),电容器用于连接标称工作在额定电压(UZK)的EC马达(6)的电子换向装置(5),其特征在于:还包括分别与每个串联电容器(10a,10b)并联的变阻器(12a,12b),以及一根保险丝(3),其中,所有变阻器(12a,12b)都被同样地设计,并且规定电容器(10a,10b)和变阻器(12a,12b)的大小,使得每个变阻器(12a,12b)的门限电压低于各个并行连接的电容器(10a,10b)的击穿电压,在其中一个电容器(10a,10b)或其中一个变阻器(12a,12b)故障的情况下,剩余变阻器(12a,12b)的门限电压之和,即并联到剩余电容器(10a,10b)的各变阻器(12a,12b)的电压,小于或等于中间电路(1)的额定电压(UZK),串联变阻器(12a,12b)的门限电压之和大于中间电路(1)的额定电压(UZK);并且其中一个剩余的变阻器(12a,12b)出现了短路,使得过量电流流过,保险丝(3)被激活,进而当其中一个剩余的电容器(10a,10b)的部分额定电压超过所述其中一个剩余的变阻器(12a,12b)的门限电压时,中间电路(1)将被切断。
2.一种具有根据权利要求1所述的中间电路的EC马达。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于EC马达(6)的中间电路(1),其中当所述其中一个剩余的电容器(10a,10b)的部分额定电压超过所述其中一个剩余的变阻器(12a,12b)的门限电压时,所述其中一个剩余的变阻器(12a,12b)的内阻会突然变小并短路所述其中一个剩余的电容器(10a,10b),从而在达到所述其中一个剩余的电容器(10a,10b)的击穿电压之前降低所述其中一个剩余的电容器(10a,10b)的部分额定电压。
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