CN104140164A - Plantation type non-point pollution treatment ditch - Google Patents
Plantation type non-point pollution treatment ditch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104140164A CN104140164A CN201310581240.0A CN201310581240A CN104140164A CN 104140164 A CN104140164 A CN 104140164A CN 201310581240 A CN201310581240 A CN 201310581240A CN 104140164 A CN104140164 A CN 104140164A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- open channel
- planting
- sidewall
- water
- rainfall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
A vegetation type non-point pollutant treating ditch is provided to treat non-point pollutants. The vegetation type non-point pollutant treating ditch comprises an open conduit, and a vegetation board (20) disposed on the upper end of the open conduit and provided with plants. In particular, a fiber bag filled with granular natural fiber is in-built in the open conduit, drainage holes are formed in the bottom plate, a plurality of guiding supports of slightly inclined drainage bars are in-built in the open conduit, and drainage holes are formed in the side walls, so that influent raw water adopted as a treatment object is subjected to one time of treatment when passing through the plants and a vegetation material planted on the upper part of the open conduit. During sluicing in the primary period of a rainfall, the influent water is guided to penetrate to the ground around the open conduit. During a sustained rainfall or when the rainfall intensity increases and the influent amount increases, the influent water is guided to flow to a lower position in the open conduit. By the vegetation type non-point pollutant treating ditch, the ditch having a non-point pollutant treating function and a rainfall sluicing function is provided, and can effectively treat non-point pollutants without building a drainage way and other treatment facilities.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to following vegetation formula irrigation canals and ditches, it is made up of the planting plate 20 that flows into the open channel 10 sluicing under rainfall etc. and be combined in the upper end of open channel 10 plant of planting, thereby non-point pollution is processed, specifically, the built-in natural fiber Fibre Bag 30 processed that is filled with granular solid in open channel 10, and form water vent 13 at base plate 11, or the built-in guide bracket 40 that is arranged with multiple small pitch draining bars 41 in open channel 10, and form water vent 13 at sidewall 12, thereby while making the flowed into former water as handling object through the plant planted on open channel 10 tops and planting materials, carry out primary treatment, while sluicing under the rainfall initial stage flows into, guiding inflow water is penetrated into the ground of open channel 10 peripheries, when lasting rainfall or rainfall intensity rise and influx while rising, bootable inflow water is at the interior lower that flows to of open channel 10.
Background technology
The source of pollution that cause water pollution can be divided into point source of pollution and non-point pollution source, and this point source of pollution is the source of pollution that can confirm to discharge place and discharge path, and this non-point pollution source is to discharge the indefinite source of pollution in place.
From the viewpoint of water quality of river, as point source of pollution, can exemplify the livestock industry and the industry facility etc. that produce sewage, waste water, as non-point pollution source, can exemplify the basin internal contamination thing flowing into by letting out under rainfall.
Particularly, in catchment area, quite a few is in the urban river of hydrology coating body, while letting out under the rainfall initial stage, comprise that a large amount of particle shape pollutents such as the dust of each heavy metal species flow in river, as the facility that primary treatment is carried out in these non-point pollution sources, arrange the separating and treatment facility that purification guides of pollutent at lateral sulcus, bridge platoon drainage facility or rainwater is irrigated and interflow formula is irrigated relief outlet etc., thereby alleviate the pollution load in river.
Possessing in the non-point pollution treatment facility of various forms and pollutant purification mode, water route formula treatment facility not only can be applied as and flow into the lateral sulcus sluicing under rainfall, but also be applied as infiltration type irrigation canals and ditches and vegetation formula irrigation canals and ditches as natural type treatment facility, as the related art of this water route formula non-point pollution treatment facility, can exemplify publication No. 2009-120986.
In the existing water route formula non-point pollution treatment facility No. 2009-120986th, publication, general as shown in the upper diagram of Fig. 1, make flowed into former water be penetrated into surrounding ground, or as shown in the bottom graph of Fig. 1, in the mode of filtering by the filter material 19 being filled in water route, pollutent is processed.
First, in the infiltration type as shown in the upper diagram of Fig. 1 is processed, the porousness water routes such as application perforated pipe, the former water that guiding flows into is penetrated into surrounding ground, without changing filter material 19, therefore not only easily carry out maintenance management, but also can fully guarantee the water flowing sectional area in water route, possesses thus the advantage that the situation that can sharply increase influx is tackled, but there is following serious problem: increase along with processing flow, processing in the process of water infiltration, weaken on the grogs subflow that the causes surrounding ground ground of becoming estranged.
In the filtering type shown in the bottom graph of Fig. 1 is processed, in water route, load emboliform filter material 19 and filtration and the absorption of direct contaminated thing, because it is the structure of processing water and surrounding ground isolation, although therefore can prevent the grogs subflow of above-mentioned infiltration type processing become estranged ground weaken, but not only to periodically change filter material 19, but also to make filter material 19 occupy most of water flowing sectional area in water route, therefore there is the problem that can not realize sufficient drain function.
Summary of the invention
The present invention puts in view of the above-mentioned problems and completes, and provides a kind of vegetation formula non-point pollution to process irrigation canals and ditches, and it possesses: open channel 10, and its sidewall 12 by the two side ends of base plate 11 and base plate 11 forms, and makes to sluice and flow under rainfall, and planting plate 20, it is the plate body that is formed with multiple permeable holes 23, be combined with the upper end of open channel 10, and be mounted with planting materials and the plant of planting, described vegetation formula non-point pollution is processed irrigation canals and ditches and is characterised in that, be formed with multiple water vents 13 at the base plate 11 of open channel 10, the plurality of water vent 13 runs through respectively base plate 11 and the inside of open channel 10 is connected with the ground, bottom of open channel 10, upper surface at the base plate 11 that is formed with water vent 13 is placed with Fibre Bag 30, this Fibre Bag 30 is by forming at the inner granular solid of filling of natural fiber crust processed, and the former water as handling object that flow into the planting plate 20 of the upper end of open channel 10 filters and adsorbs pollutent through planting plant and planting materials, the processing water of discharging from the permeable hole 23 of planting plate 20 again filters pollutent and adsorbs through Fibre Bag 30, afterwards, be penetrated into the surrounding ground of open channel 10 processed via the water vent 13 of the base plate 11 of open channel 10, along with the flow that flow into open channel 10 increases, make to flow into current direction lower at the inner formation water surface of open channel 10.
In addition, medial surface at the sidewall 12 of open channel 10 is formed with outstanding supporting station 50, between supporting station 50 and sidewall 12, hollowly form and have the catchment road 51 parallel with sidewall 12, 51 forming parts, road of catchmenting at sidewall 12 are formed with the water vent 13 that runs through sidewall 12, thereby road 51 is connected with the outside of open channel 10 by catchmenting, be provided with guide bracket 40 in the upper end of supporting station 50, this guide bracket 40 is formed by connecting by the multiple draining bars 41 that cross in the direction of open channel 10, each draining bar 41 be arranged in planting plate 20 permeable hole 23 under, the former water as handling object that flow into the planting plate 20 of open channel 10 upper ends filters and adsorbs pollutent through planting plant and planting materials, the processing water of discharging from the permeable hole 23 of planting plate 20 flow into the road 51 of catchmenting via draining bar 41, afterwards, be penetrated into the surrounding ground of open channel 10 processed via the water vent 13 of the sidewall 12 of open channel 10, and along with the flow that flow into open channel 10 increases, the processing water of discharging from the permeable hole 23 of planting plate 20 overflows draining bar 41 and flows to lower in the inside of open channel 10.
By the present invention, the irrigation canals and ditches that have both the drain function sluicing under non-point pollution processing capacity and rainfall can be provided, in the case of not building draining road and other treatment facility, also can carry out effective processing of non-point pollution material thus.
Particularly, by single irrigation canals and ditches, not only carry out the draining sluicing under the purifying treatment of non-point pollution material and rainfall simultaneously, and for being risen by rainfall intensity or continuing the increase of the letdown flow that rainfall causes, can be in the case of not having other manual operation yet, carry out tackling flexibly and rapidly, in addition, not only do not need the land used that appends for forming and run treatment facility, but also without valve and pump etc., therefore can obtain and reduce the structure of non-point pollution treatment facility and the effect of maintenance management expense.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the illustration figure of existing water route formula non-point pollution treatment facility.
Fig. 2 is that the part of below osmosis type embodiment of the present invention is cut exploded perspective view.
Fig. 3 is the representative profile figure of below osmosis type embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the representative profile figure of the use state of below osmosis type embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the exploded perspective view of side osmosis type embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 extracts guide bracket of the present invention and the part that illustrates is cut stereographic map.
Fig. 7 is the representative profile figure of side osmosis type embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the representative profile figure of the use state of side osmosis type embodiment of the present invention.
(label declaration)
10: open channel
11: base plate
12: sidewall
13: water vent
19: filter material
20: planting plate
23: permeable hole
30: Fibre Bag
40: guide bracket
41: draining bar
43: projecting plate
44: web plate
50: supporting station
51: the road of catchmenting
Embodiment
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, detailed structure of the present invention and function are described.
First, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrate respectively the outward appearance of below osmosis type embodiment of the present invention and the part of structure incision exploded perspective view and representative profile figure, as shown in the figure, below osmosis type embodiment of the present invention is made up of following part: open channel 10, it is made up of the sidewall 12 that is formed with the base plate 11 of multiple water vents 13 and the two side ends of base plate 11, makes to sluice and flow under rainfall; Planting plate 20, it is the plate body that is formed with multiple permeable holes 23, is combined, and is mounted with planting materials and the plant of planting with the upper end of open channel 10; And Fibre Bag 30, it is positioned over the upper surface of base plate 11, by forming at the inner granular solid of filling of natural fiber crust processed.
, base plate 11 at open channel 10 is formed with the multiple water vents 13 that run through base plate 11 and the inside of open channel 10 is connected with the ground, bottom of open channel 10, thereby as shown in Figure 4, while sluicing under the rainfall initial stage flows into, the former water as handling object that flow into the planting plate 20 of open channel 10 upper ends once filters and adsorbs pollutent through planting plant and planting materials, the processing water of discharging from the permeable hole 23 of planting plate 20 again filters pollutent and adsorbs through Fibre Bag 30, afterwards, via the water vent 13 of the base plate 11 of open channel 10 to the surrounding ground infiltration of open channel 10 processed.
Afterwards, even if the influx sluicing under rainfall along with continuing rainfall increases, also because of the Fibre Bag 30 of the upper surface of closed side trench floor 11, can suppress to process water permeates to surrounding ground sharp via water vent 13, and as shown in the bottom graph of Fig. 4, at the inner water surface that forms of open channel 10, make to flow into current direction lower, therefore in guaranteeing the stability of surrounding ground, can carry out the function on actual draining road.
; in the time building water route formula non-point pollution treatment facility; make flow is low but the rainfall initial stage that Pollutant levels are high under while letting out; conduct process water is carried out Pollutant Treatment function to surrounding ground infiltration; and when Pollutant levels decline and flow increases, other operation also can be converted to draining road in the case of not having in lasting rainfall.
In addition, Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 is the figure that side osmosis type embodiment of the present invention is shown, below this is elaborated.
First, Fig. 5 is the exploded perspective view that the structure of side osmosis type embodiment of the present invention is shown, as shown in the figure, side osmosis type embodiment of the present invention possesses: open channel 10, its sidewall 12 by the two side ends of base plate 11 and base plate 11 forms, and makes to sluice and flow under rainfall, planting plate 20, it is the plate body that is formed with multiple permeable holes 23, be combined with the upper end of open channel 10, and be mounted with planting materials and the plant of planting, and sidewall 12 medial surfaces at open channel 10 are formed with outstanding supporting station 50, between supporting station 50 and sidewall 12, hollowly form and have the catchment road 51 parallel with sidewall 12, forming part on the road 51 of catchmenting of sidewall 12 is formed with the water vent 13 that runs through sidewall 12, thereby road 51 is connected with the outside of open channel 10 by catchmenting, be provided with the guide bracket 40 being formed by connecting by the multiple draining bars 41 that cross in the direction of open channel 10 in the upper end of supporting station 50, each draining bar 41 be arranged in planting plate 20 permeable hole 23 under.
Side osmosis type embodiment of the present invention has following structure: as shown in Figure 6, guide bracket 40 be by multiple central part zygomorphy be formed with semi-steep water route draining bar 41 equally spaced arrange and form, the central part of each draining bar 41 connects by web plate 44, central part upper end at draining bar 41 is formed with projecting plate 43, thereby as shown in Figure 7, the two ends of the draining bar 41 of guide bracket 40 be placed in open channel 10 sidewall 12 supporting station 50 and be supported, the projecting plate 43 of draining bar 41 contacts with planting plate 20 portions of bottom center and supports planting plate 20.
As shown in Figure 7, the supporting station 50 that is arranged on symmetrically respectively the medial surface of the two side 12 of open channel 10 with respect to open channel 10 center is also carried out following effect in the effect of carrying out supporting guide bracket 40: form the road 51 of catchmenting being recessed between supporting station 50 and sidewall 12, thereby after the processing water flowing out from the draining bar 41 of guide bracket 40 is collected, make to process water and be penetrated into surrounding ground via being formed at the water vent 13 of sidewall 12.
In the side osmosis type embodiment of the present invention forming as mentioned above, as shown in the upper diagram of Fig. 8, while sluicing under the rainfall initial stage flows into, the former water as handling object that flow into the planting plate 20 of open channel 10 upper ends filters and adsorbs pollutent through planting plant and planting materials, the processing water of discharging from the permeable hole 23 of planting plate 20 is via draining bar 41 after flowing into the road 51 of catchmenting, and is penetrated into open channel 10 surrounding grounds processed via the water vent 13 of the sidewall 12 of open channel 10.
Afterwards, in the time that the influx sluicing under rainfall along with continuing rainfall increases, as shown in the bottom graph of Fig. 8, the major part of the processing water of discharging from the permeable hole 23 of planting plate 20 is overflowed draining bar 41 and is fed directly to the inside of open channel 10, form the water surface and flow to lower, thereby in guaranteeing the stability of surrounding ground, can carry out the function on actual draining road.
; in the time building water route formula non-point pollution treatment facility; make flow is low but the rainfall initial stage that Pollutant levels are high under while letting out; conduct process water is carried out Pollutant Treatment function to surrounding ground infiltration; and when Pollutant levels decline and flow increases, other operation also can be converted to draining road in the case of not having in lasting rainfall.
Claims (1)
1. irrigation canals and ditches are processed in the non-point pollution of vegetation formula, and it possesses: open channel (10), and its sidewall (12) by the two side ends of base plate (11) and base plate (11) forms, and makes to sluice and flow under rainfall; And planting plate (20), it is the plate body that is formed with multiple permeable holes (23), is combined, and is mounted with planting materials and the plant of planting with the upper end of open channel (10), described vegetation formula non-point pollution is processed irrigation canals and ditches and is characterised in that,
Medial surface at the sidewall (12) of open channel (10) is formed with outstanding supporting station (50), and between supporting station (50) and sidewall (12), hollowly form and have the catchment road (51) parallel with sidewall (12),
Forming part, the road of catchmenting (51) at sidewall (12) is formed with the water vent (13) that runs through sidewall (12), thereby connects the outside of catchment road (51) and open channel (10),
Be provided with guide bracket (40) in the upper end of supporting station (50), this guide bracket (40) is to be formed by connecting by the multiple draining bars (41) that cross in the direction of open channel (10), each draining bar (41) be arranged in planting plate (20) permeable hole (23) under, the former water as handling object that flow into the planting plate (20) of the upper end of open channel (10) filters and adsorbs pollutent through planting plant and planting materials, the processing water of discharging from the permeable hole (23) of planting plate (20) flow into the road of catchmenting (51) via draining bar (41), afterwards, be penetrated into the surrounding ground of open channel (10) processed via the water vent (13) of the sidewall (12) of open channel (10), along with the flow that flow into open channel (10) increases, the processing water of discharging from the permeable hole (23) of planting plate (20) overflows draining bar (41) and flows to lower in the inside of open channel (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020130050694A KR101305519B1 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2013-05-06 | Plantation type non-point pollution treatment ditch |
| KR10-2013-0050694 | 2013-05-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104140164A true CN104140164A (en) | 2014-11-12 |
Family
ID=49455437
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310581240.0A Pending CN104140164A (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2013-11-19 | Plantation type non-point pollution treatment ditch |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR101305519B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104140164A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102175896B1 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2020-11-06 | 에덴녹화산업 주식회사 | Reducing method for the non-point pollutants using natural type trench |
| KR102052679B1 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2019-12-06 | 주식회사 가랑비 | The vegetation structure of non-point pollution water treatment system with reusing the rain water drainage |
| KR102226600B1 (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2021-03-11 | 주식회사 가랑비 | Grating assembly and non-point pollution water treatment system with vegetation structure of reusing rain water drainage |
| FR3119101B1 (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2024-04-26 | Bernard Sikora | Rainwater water decontamination device for gutter |
| KR20230022665A (en) | 2021-08-09 | 2023-02-16 | 남옥랑 | Grating assembly |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100733281B1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2007-06-28 | 동남이엔씨(주) | Overflow structure for pro-environment of road |
| KR100889757B1 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2009-03-24 | 주식회사 케이.씨 리버텍 | Filter drain type plantation trench |
| CN101839007A (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-22 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Collection, filtration, purification and storage system for water |
| KR101003720B1 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2010-12-24 | 서동현 | Nature-friendly diversion drain at top of slope |
| CN202559322U (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-11-28 | 陈亚平 | Combined type water guide groove |
-
2013
- 2013-05-06 KR KR1020130050694A patent/KR101305519B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-11-19 CN CN201310581240.0A patent/CN104140164A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100733281B1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2007-06-28 | 동남이엔씨(주) | Overflow structure for pro-environment of road |
| KR101003720B1 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2010-12-24 | 서동현 | Nature-friendly diversion drain at top of slope |
| KR100889757B1 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2009-03-24 | 주식회사 케이.씨 리버텍 | Filter drain type plantation trench |
| CN101839007A (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-22 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Collection, filtration, purification and storage system for water |
| CN202559322U (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-11-28 | 陈亚平 | Combined type water guide groove |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101305519B1 (en) | 2013-09-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR101400166B1 (en) | ecology Ditch to cleanse pollutants | |
| CN104140164A (en) | Plantation type non-point pollution treatment ditch | |
| US8940170B2 (en) | Triple-chambered wetland biofilter treatment system | |
| KR101323288B1 (en) | Penetration type rain water treatment and reusing apparatus | |
| CN108483670B (en) | A kind of stage farmland hard Demonstration for Ecological Sanitation canal | |
| KR100897258B1 (en) | Draining unit for purifying the non-point pollution source in rainwater | |
| KR101332781B1 (en) | Apparatus for treating rainwater for bridge or manhole | |
| CN103288312A (en) | Portable combined constructed wetland purifying box for farmland drainage ditch | |
| KR20110040414A (en) | Artificial wetland for road for connecting green ecological axis and removing non-point source pollutant | |
| CN106745761A (en) | Process the improved surface artificial wetland of agricultural surface runoff pollutant | |
| CN109731376A (en) | Intelligent rain processing system | |
| KR101334884B1 (en) | An apparatus for decreasing non-point source pollutant | |
| CN203159349U (en) | Novel multistage oily wastewater treatment device | |
| KR101405837B1 (en) | An open space sanitation facility of non-point pollution sources having multiplex overflow apparatus | |
| CN104532942B (en) | Rainwater purification tree box system | |
| KR101221620B1 (en) | Board for treating water and environment friendly artificial wetland in downtown area using microorganism using the same | |
| CN206289052U (en) | Process the improved surface artificial wetland of agricultural surface runoff pollutant | |
| CN203781979U (en) | Ecological water purifying device | |
| CN102409718A (en) | Device and method for collecting and processing initial rainwater of villages in river network area | |
| KR100750495B1 (en) | Unspecific pollution source decontamination equipment for the early rain | |
| CN102671464A (en) | Multifunctional rural sewage treatment device | |
| CN212174592U (en) | Vegetation filters irrigation canals and ditches | |
| CN202730707U (en) | Initial-stage rainwater intercepting and shunting as well as later-stage rainwater separating system for flood drainage river channel | |
| CN202248042U (en) | Device for collecting and treating initial-stage rainwater of villages in river network area | |
| CN104478021A (en) | Combined pollution source control device and method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20141112 |