CN104139349A - Flexible alignment positioning device and flexible alignment tooling thereof - Google Patents
Flexible alignment positioning device and flexible alignment tooling thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104139349A CN104139349A CN201310443804.4A CN201310443804A CN104139349A CN 104139349 A CN104139349 A CN 104139349A CN 201310443804 A CN201310443804 A CN 201310443804A CN 104139349 A CN104139349 A CN 104139349A
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- Prior art keywords
- locating piece
- face
- centering
- upper parts
- axis
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B11/00—Work holders not covered by any preceding group in the subclass, e.g. magnetic work holders, vacuum work holders
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automatic Assembly (AREA)
- Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a flexible alignment positioning device and a flexible alignment tooling thereof. The flexible alignment tooling comprises a support frame, wherein positioning blocks located on the same positioning circle of a set axis are rotationally assembled on the support frame; rotating axes of the positioning blocks are parallel to a tangent of the positioning circle; a centralizing surface which is in location fit with the outer circumferential surface or the inner circumferential surface of an upper component in a vertical state is formed on the side surface of each positioning block; a guide surface used for being in support fit with a to-be-aligned upper component so as to drive each positioning block to deflect to enter a deflection state is formed on the top surface of each positioning block; and the maximum interval and the minimum interval between each guide surface in the vertical state and the axis of the positioning circle are L1 and L2 respectively, the distance between each centralizing surface and the axis of the positioning circle is D, L1, L2 and D meet the following two relations: (1) when the centralizing surface is in location fit with the outer circumferential surface of the upper component, L1 is larger than D which is equal to L2, and (2) when the centralizing surface is in location fit with the inner circumferential surface of the upper component, L1 is equal to D which is larger than L2. During use, the positioning blocks can rotate, so that damage of a workpiece or the alignment tooling can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flexible alignment positioning device and flexible centering tooling thereof.
Background technology
Parts in a kind of primary cut-out, in the assembling process of these parts, as shown in Figure 1, first the flange of diameter 2m 11 is fixed on bracing frame, then at flange 11 vertical direction completed knocked down products parts 12, last in product component 12 sheathed one be about 4m, the cylindrical shell 13 of heavily approximately two tons, cylindrical shell 13 is fastenedly connected by screw 14 with flange 11, correspondingly respectively on cylindrical shell 13 and flange 11 offers screw and the wire hole for plug-in mounting screw 14.Because screw is in the lower surface of cylindrical shell and be blind hole, so fall on flange 11 and need from the bottom up (oppositely) to tighten screw at cylindrical shell 13, align screw and wire hole bothers very much.The centering location of this screw and wire hole belongs to heavy parts centering, first the axis that uses centering tooling centering part to carry out contraposition cylindrical shell makes cylindrical shell and the common axis of flange, it is centering process, then use and make screw and wire hole to wear to the screw of cylindrical shell in circumferencial direction location to wearing screw rod, hole is to wearing centering process.Above-mentioned centering process and hole are alignment positioning device to the device of wearing the use of centering process, and it comprises that centering tooling and hole are to wearing alignment mechanism.The centering part of traditional centering tooling is rigidity annulus part or three rigidity locating pieces on same circle.Because flange 11 and cylindrical shell 12 belong to the large weight part of large volume, and centering process is rigidity location, and therefore, in centering process, rigid collision is easy to a centering tooling or workpiece breaks; Because cylindrical shell 13 weight are very heavy, in hole to wearing centering process, if there is no alignment flange 11 wire holes to wearing screw rod when cylindrical shell 13 falls, just easily screw or wire hole are squeezed to distortion and damage, again due to flange 11 wire holes below, aligning when wearing screw rod, be difficult for observing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of flexible centering tooling, locate to solve the rigidity centering of existing large parts in centering process the parts or the flimsy problem of frock that cause.The present invention also provides a kind of flexible alignment positioning device that uses above-mentioned flexible centering tooling.
To achieve these goals, flexible centering tooling of the present invention adopts following technical scheme: flexible centering tooling, comprise bracing frame, on bracing frame, be equipped with at least three locating pieces on the same setting circle of setting axis, described locating piece is assemblied on bracing frame by rotating assembly structure rotation, the pivot center of described locating piece and vertical state while thering is only gravitate parallel with the tangent line of setting circle, described locating piece side has under described vertical state locates with outer peripheral face or the inner peripheral surface of upper parts the righting face coordinating, the end face of locating piece has for supporting and coordinate to drive locating piece deflection to enter the correcting face of deflection state with the upper parts for the treatment of centering, maximum spacing and the minimum spacing of the correcting face of locating piece distance setting circle axis under vertical state are respectively L
1and L
2, righting identity distance is D from the distance of setting circle axis, for ensureing that upper parts can be supported on correcting face when the centering not and not be subject to the interference of correcting face after centering, described L
1and L
2have following two kinds of relations with D, (1) righting face coordinates with the outer peripheral face location of upper parts, L
1> D, L
2=D, (2) righting face coordinates with the inner peripheral surface location of upper parts, L
1=D, L
2< D.
Described rotation assembly structure comprises the support member of being located on bracing frame, support member is corresponding one by one with locating piece, described each support member comprises two spaced support bars, each locating piece is located between adjacent support bar, each locating piece and the corresponding corresponding pin shaft hole that offers of support bar, each locating piece is connected by the bearing pin being arranged in described pin shaft hole with corresponding support bar, the axis of described bearing pin has formed the pivot center of described locating piece, and the correcting face of described each locating piece is higher than the upper surface of corresponding support bar.
Described correcting face is the conical surface or inclined-plane.
The beneficial effect of flexible centering tooling of the present invention: adopt flexible centering tooling of the present invention to carry out in centering process, upper parts are contacted with the correcting face of locating piece, under the Action of Gravity Field of upper parts, can make correcting face around pivot center deflection, adjust again the position of upper parts according to the deflection situation of locating piece, be in course of adjustment, the locating piece deflecting can automatically be revised amount of deflection under the effect of deadweight, through repeatedly adjusting, locating piece no longer deflects, make locating piece in vertical state, the outer peripheral face of upper parts or inner peripheral surface coordinate with the righting face location of each locating piece, because each locating piece is positioned on same setting circle, and the axis conllinear of the axis of this setting circle and the lower parts that are mounted, can realize the object of parts and lower parts coaxial line.Flexible centering tooling of the present invention is in centering process, and locating piece can rotate, and locating piece and upper parts can be realized flexible contact, and both can not produce very stiff and demanding, thereby has avoided workpiece or centering tooling to cause damage.
Further, because correcting face is the conical surface or inclined-plane, can make this frock use convenient.
To achieve these goals, flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention adopts following technical scheme: flexible alignment positioning device, comprise that centering tooling and hole are to wearing alignment mechanism, described centering tooling comprises bracing frame, on bracing frame, be equipped with at least three locating pieces on the same setting circle of setting axis, described hole to wear alignment mechanism comprise lower surface week for being fixedly arranged on the upper parts that are mounted screw upwards to wearing screw rod, described locating piece is assemblied on bracing frame by rotating assembly structure rotation, the pivot center of described locating piece and vertical state while thering is only gravitate parallel with the tangent line of setting circle, described locating piece side has under described vertical state locates with outer peripheral face or the inner peripheral surface of upper parts the righting face coordinating, the end face of locating piece has for supporting and coordinate to drive locating piece deflection to enter the correcting face of deflection state with the upper parts for the treatment of centering, maximum spacing and the minimum spacing of the correcting face of locating piece distance setting circle axis under vertical state are respectively L
1and L
2, righting identity distance is D from the distance of setting circle axis, for ensureing that upper parts can be supported on correcting face when the centering not and not be subject to the interference of correcting face after centering, described L
1and L
2have following two kinds of relations with D, (1) righting face coordinates with the outer peripheral face location of upper parts, L
1> D, L
2=D, (2) righting face coordinates with the inner peripheral surface location of upper parts, L
1=D, L
2< D.
Described rotation assembly structure comprises the support member of being located on bracing frame, support member is corresponding one by one with locating piece, described each support member comprises two spaced support bars, each locating piece is located between adjacent support bar, each locating piece and the corresponding corresponding pin shaft hole that offers of support bar, each locating piece is connected by the bearing pin being arranged in described pin shaft hole with corresponding support bar, the axis of described bearing pin has formed the pivot center of locating piece, and the correcting face of described each locating piece is higher than the upper surface of corresponding support bar.
Described correcting face is the conical surface or inclined-plane.
Described hole also comprises support to wearing alignment mechanism, support is provided with directional hole, described directional hole have for the centering intersect vertical axis of adaptive centering tooling and simultaneously with the center line of vertical and intersectant centerline of upper surface week of lower parts to be installed wire hole upwards, in described directional hole, be equipped with the orientation lever sliding along the centerline direction of directional hole, described orientation lever is near being provided with for holding tightly wearing screw rod outer peripheral face upwards to locate the concave surface to wearing screw rod in week wearing one end of screw rod.
The beneficial effect of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention: flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention comprises that centering tooling and hole are to wearing alignment mechanism, this flexibility alignment positioning device can be applicable to centering process and hole to wearing centering process.In centering process, upper parts are contacted with the correcting face of locating piece, under the Action of Gravity Field of upper parts, can make correcting face around pivot center deflection, adjust again the position of upper parts according to the deflection situation of locating piece, be in course of adjustment, the locating piece deflecting can automatically be revised amount of deflection under the effect of deadweight, through repeatedly adjusting, locating piece no longer deflects, make locating piece in vertical state, the outer peripheral face of upper parts or inner peripheral surface coordinate with the righting face location of each locating piece, because each locating piece is positioned on same setting circle, and the axis conllinear of the axis of this setting circle and the lower parts that are mounted, can realize the object of parts and lower parts coaxial line.The centering tooling of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention is in centering process, and locating piece can rotate, and locating piece and upper parts can be realized flexible contact, and both can not produce very stiff and demanding, thereby has avoided workpiece or centering tooling to cause damage.
Further, because correcting face is the conical surface or inclined-plane, can make this frock use convenient.
Further, in process when wearing centering, by to wearing in lower surface week that screw rod is screwed into upper parts screw upwards, rotating upper parts and promote orientation lever along the axis of upper parts holds to wearing screw rod the concave surface on orientation lever tightly, parts on whereabouts, to wear screw rod insert under in the wire hole of parts after, withdraw from orientation lever, continue to fall upper parts to lower parts, at this moment go up screw on parts lower surface just with lower parts on wire hole reached wearing; In this process because be not subject to the Action of Gravity Field of upper parts to wearing screw rod and orientation lever, the wire hole on screw and the lower parts of above parts lower surface also just can not be damaged; Again because of orientation lever position between the lower surface of upper parts and lower parts, be very easy to so observe also when centering.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the package assembly schematic diagram of cylindrical shell and flange;
Fig. 2 is the use state diagram of a kind of embodiment of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing at A place in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged drawing at B place in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged drawing at C place in Fig. 2;
Fig. 7 is the partial enlarged drawing at D place in Fig. 2;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of bracing frame in Fig. 3;
Fig. 9 is the top view of Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of locating piece in Fig. 3;
Figure 11 is the left view of Figure 10.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of embodiment of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1-11: flexible alignment positioning device, comprises that centering tooling and hole are to wearing alignment mechanism.
Centering tooling comprises the bracing frame 1 that lower parts 101 are installed on end face, is rotatably equipped with four locating pieces on the same setting circle of setting axis on bracing frame 1, and in the present embodiment, locating piece 2 adopts elastomeric material to make.Setting circle axis and the axis conllinear that is installed in the lower parts 101 on bracing frame 1.In the present embodiment, the lower parts 101 of employing are flange.Locating piece 2 is assemblied on bracing frame 1 by rotating assembly structure rotation, the pivot center of locating piece 2 is parallel with the tangent line of setting circle, vertical state when locating piece 2 has gravitate only, in the present embodiment, described rotation assembly structure comprises the support member 3 of being located on bracing frame 1, support member 3 adopts steel to make, locating piece 2 and support member 3 are corresponding one by one, described each support member 3 comprises two spaced support bars 31, the lower end one of two support bars 31 on each support member 3 is located on same base for supporting 32, described base for supporting 32 is fixedly connected with bracing frame 1 by screw or bolt, each locating piece 2 is located between adjacent support bar 31, each locating piece 2 and the corresponding pin shaft hole 4 that offers on corresponding support bar 31, the axis of the pin shaft hole 4 on locating piece 2 is positioned at the top of locating piece 2, each locating piece 2 is connected by the bearing pin 5 being arranged in pin shaft hole 4 with corresponding support bar 31, the axis of bearing pin 5 has formed the pivot center of locating piece.Locating piece 2 sides have under described vertical state locates with the outer peripheral face of the upper parts 102 for the treatment of centering the righting face 21 coordinating, the end face of locating piece 2 has for supporting and coordinate to drive locating piece 2 deflections to enter the correcting face 22 of deflection state with the upper parts 102 for the treatment of centering, in the present embodiment, correcting face 22 is inclined-plane.The correcting face 22 of each locating piece 2 is higher than the upper surface of corresponding support bar 31.The correcting face 22 rotation axis deflection that can rotate.The correcting face 22 of the locating piece 2 while not deflecting is respectively L apart from maximum spacing and the minimum spacing of setting circle axis
1and L
2, righting face 21 is D apart from the distance of setting circle axis.For ensureing that upper parts 102 can be supported on correcting face 22 when the centering not and not be subject to the interference of correcting face 22 after centering, L
1> D, L
2=D.In the present embodiment, adopting the upper parts 102 that are mounted is cylindrical shell, and the external diameter of cylindrical shell equals A, D=A.
Hole to wear alignment mechanism comprise spinning in lower surface week of upper parts 102 screw upwards to wearing screw rod 6 and being fixedly arranged on the support 7 on bracing frame 1, support 7 is provided with directional hole 71, directional hole 71 have for the centering intersect vertical axis of adaptive centering tooling and simultaneously with the center line of vertical and intersectant centerline of upper surface week of lower parts 101 to be installed wire hole 1021 upwards, in the present embodiment, the center line of directional hole and the intersect vertical axis of flange, and vertical with the center line of the wire hole on flange.In directional hole 71, be equipped with the orientation lever 8 that can slide along the axis direction of directional hole 71, on described orientation lever 8 near to wear one end of screw rod 6 be installed with for hold tightly location to wearing the concave surface 8310 of screw rod 6, this concave surface 8310 is arc-shaped concave, and the section radius of arc-shaped concave equals the section radius to wearing screw rod 6 bottoms.
The use procedure of the flexible alignment positioning device of the invention described above: first use centering tooling to carry out centering to upper parts 102 and lower parts 101, in centering process, upper parts 102 are contacted with the correcting face 22 of locating piece 2, under the Action of Gravity Field of upper parts 102, can make locating piece 2 around bearing pin 5 deflections, adjust again the position of upper parts 102 according to the deflection situation of locating piece 2, be in course of adjustment, the locating piece 2 deflecting can automatically be revised amount of deflection under the effect of deadweight, through repeatedly adjusting, locating piece 2 no longer deflects and in vertical state, the outer peripheral face of upper parts 102 coordinates with righting face 21 location of each locating piece 2, because each locating piece 2 is positioned on same setting circle, this setting circle and lower parts 101 coaxial lines, therefore, reach the object of upper parts 102 and lower parts 101 coaxial lines, then use hole to carry out aligning of screw and wire hole 1021 to wearing alignment mechanism, to wearing in centering process, parts 102 promote orientation lever 8 concave surface 8310 on orientation lever 8 is held tightly wearing screw rod 6 in rotation, parts 102 on whereabouts, after interior to the wire hole 1021 of wearing parts 101 under screw rod 6 insertions, withdraw from orientation lever 8, continue to fall upper parts 102 to lower parts 101 on, at this moment go up screw on parts 102 lower surfaces just with lower parts 101 on wire hole 1021 reached wearing.
In other embodiment of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention, two support bars on described each support member can also be Split type structure, and the bottom of each support bar respectively independent and bracing frame is connected.
In other embodiment of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention, the number of the locating piece in centering tooling can also be three or five or six or eight.
In other embodiment of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention, correcting face can also be the conical surface.
In other embodiment of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention, locating piece can also adopt steel to make.
In other embodiment of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention, locating piece side can also have under vertical state with treat centering on the inner peripheral surface of parts locate the righting face coordinating, L
1=D, L
2< D.
In other embodiment of flexible alignment positioning device of the present invention, hole to wear alignment mechanism can also only include the lower surface week that is fixedly arranged on upper parts in screw upwards to wearing screw rod, and do not comprise support and orientation lever.
The difference of the embodiment of the embodiment of flexible centering tooling of the present invention and above-mentioned flexible alignment positioning device is, do not comprise that hole is to wearing alignment mechanism, the structure of the centering tooling in the flexible alignment positioning device of the structure of flexible centering tooling of the present invention and the invention described above is identical, at this repeated description no longer.
Claims (7)
1. flexible centering tooling, comprise bracing frame, on bracing frame, be equipped with at least three locating pieces on the same setting circle of setting axis, it is characterized in that: described locating piece is assemblied on bracing frame by rotating assembly structure rotation, the pivot center of described locating piece and vertical state while thering is only gravitate parallel with the tangent line of setting circle, described locating piece side has under described vertical state locates with outer peripheral face or the inner peripheral surface of upper parts the righting face coordinating, the end face of locating piece has for supporting and coordinate to drive locating piece deflection to enter the correcting face of deflection state with the upper parts for the treatment of centering, maximum spacing and the minimum spacing of the correcting face of locating piece distance setting circle axis under vertical state are respectively L
1and L
2, righting identity distance is D from the distance of setting circle axis, for ensureing that upper parts can be supported on correcting face when the centering not and not be subject to the interference of correcting face after centering, described L
1and L
2have following two kinds of relations with D, (1) righting face coordinates with the outer peripheral face location of upper parts, L
1> D, L
2=D, (2) righting face coordinates with the inner peripheral surface location of upper parts, L
1=D, L
2< D.
2. flexible centering tooling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rotation assembly structure comprises the support member of being located on bracing frame, support member is corresponding one by one with locating piece, described each support member comprises two spaced support bars, each locating piece is located between adjacent support bar, each locating piece and the corresponding corresponding pin shaft hole that offers of support bar, each locating piece is connected by the bearing pin being arranged in described pin shaft hole with corresponding support bar, the axis of described bearing pin has formed the pivot center of described locating piece, the correcting face of described each locating piece is higher than the upper surface of corresponding support bar.
3. flexible centering tooling according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described correcting face is the conical surface or inclined-plane.
4. flexible alignment positioning device, comprise that centering tooling and hole are to wearing alignment mechanism, described centering tooling comprises bracing frame, on bracing frame, be equipped with at least three locating pieces on the same setting circle of setting axis, described hole to wear alignment mechanism comprise lower surface week for being fixedly arranged on the upper parts that are mounted screw upwards to wearing screw rod, it is characterized in that: described locating piece is assemblied on bracing frame by rotating assembly structure rotation, the pivot center of described locating piece and vertical state while thering is only gravitate parallel with the tangent line of setting circle, described locating piece side has under described vertical state locates with outer peripheral face or the inner peripheral surface of upper parts the righting face coordinating, the end face of locating piece has for supporting and coordinate to drive locating piece deflection to enter the correcting face of deflection state with the upper parts for the treatment of centering, maximum spacing and the minimum spacing of the correcting face of locating piece distance setting circle axis under vertical state are respectively L
1and L
2, righting identity distance is D from the distance of setting circle axis, for ensureing that upper parts can be supported on correcting face when the centering not and not be subject to the interference of correcting face after centering, described L
1and L
2have following two kinds of relations with D, (1) righting face coordinates with the outer peripheral face location of upper parts, L
1> D, L
2=D, (2) righting face coordinates with the inner peripheral surface location of upper parts, L
1=D, L
2< D.
5. flexible alignment positioning device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described rotation assembly structure comprises the support member of being located on bracing frame, support member is corresponding one by one with locating piece, described each support member comprises two spaced support bars, each locating piece is located between adjacent support bar, each locating piece and the corresponding corresponding pin shaft hole that offers of support bar, each locating piece is connected by the bearing pin being arranged in described pin shaft hole with corresponding support bar, the axis of described bearing pin has formed the pivot center of locating piece, the correcting face of described each locating piece is higher than the upper surface of corresponding support bar.
6. according to the flexible alignment positioning device described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: described correcting face is the conical surface or inclined-plane.
7. flexible alignment positioning device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described hole also comprises support to wearing alignment mechanism, support is provided with directional hole, described directional hole have for the centering intersect vertical axis of adaptive centering tooling, and simultaneously with the center line of vertical and intersectant centerline of upper surface week of lower parts to be installed wire hole upwards, in described directional hole, be equipped with the orientation lever sliding along the centerline direction of directional hole, described orientation lever is near being provided with for holding tightly wearing screw rod outer peripheral face upwards to locate the concave surface to wearing screw rod in week wearing one end of screw rod.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310443804.4A CN104139349B (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2013-09-26 | Flexible alignment positioning device and flexible centering tooling thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310443804.4A CN104139349B (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2013-09-26 | Flexible alignment positioning device and flexible centering tooling thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104139349A true CN104139349A (en) | 2014-11-12 |
| CN104139349B CN104139349B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
Family
ID=51848773
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310443804.4A Active CN104139349B (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2013-09-26 | Flexible alignment positioning device and flexible centering tooling thereof |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104139349B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105522377A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-04-27 | 天津蓝巢特种吊装工程有限公司 | Portable flange correction installation device |
| CN107891391A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-10 | 东莞中子科学中心 | A kind of location structure and localization method for pressure vessel inner member |
| CN111283244A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-16 | 烟台铁中宝钢铁加工有限公司 | Tool and machining method for drilling cylindrical structure |
| CN115106753A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-09-27 | 如皋市宏茂重型锻压有限公司 | Concentric grafting device of cavity foundry goods |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105522377A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-04-27 | 天津蓝巢特种吊装工程有限公司 | Portable flange correction installation device |
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| CN111283244A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-16 | 烟台铁中宝钢铁加工有限公司 | Tool and machining method for drilling cylindrical structure |
| CN115106753A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-09-27 | 如皋市宏茂重型锻压有限公司 | Concentric grafting device of cavity foundry goods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104139349B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
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