CN104131500B - A method and device for detecting the compactness of bulk ballasted bed - Google Patents
A method and device for detecting the compactness of bulk ballasted bed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种散体有碴道床密实度检测方法及使用装置,特别涉及一种新的有碴道床密实度检测方法及装置,通过测量轨枕底部接触板与道碴间的接触力的变化来判断散体道床的密实程度,属于铁道工程有碴道床检测技术领域;本发明用于现场室内两种环境下解决散体有碴道床密实度的测量问题。本发明可实现主要功能包括:实现不破坏道床形貌的情况下检测道床的密实度;实现有碴道床动态密实度参数实时监控。本发明可实现的有益效果如下:测试结构简单,便于铁路现场布置,且操作方便、可减少人工辅助工作,测试过程不受外界环境因素制约,提高测试工作效率及准确性。The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting the compactness of a loose ballasted bed, in particular to a new method and device for detecting the compactness of a ballasted bed, by measuring the change of the contact force between the contact plate at the bottom of the sleeper and the ballast The method for judging the compactness of a bulk ballast bed belongs to the technical field of railway engineering ballasted track bed detection; the invention is used in two environments in the field and indoors to solve the problem of measuring the compactness of a bulk ballasted track bed. The main functions that can be realized by the present invention include: detecting the compactness of the ballast bed without destroying the shape of the ballast bed; realizing real-time monitoring of dynamic compactness parameters of the ballasted ballast bed. The beneficial effects that can be realized by the present invention are as follows: the test structure is simple, it is convenient to arrange on the railway site, and it is convenient to operate, which can reduce manual auxiliary work, the test process is not restricted by external environmental factors, and the test work efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种散体有碴道床密实度检测方法及使用装置,适合铁路散体道床新建线路检测及旧线捣固作业后密实度检测等场合,用于判断道床密实程度的方法,属于铁道工程道床检测技术领域。 The invention relates to a method for detecting the compactness of a bulk ballasted ballast bed and a device for use, which is suitable for detecting the density of a new railway track bed and the compactness of an old line after tamping operations, and is used for judging the compactness of a ballast bed, belonging to railways Technical field of engineering track bed detection.
背景技术 Background technique
道床密实度是指颗粒相互排列、挤密的程度。定义为:密实度=固体颗粒体积/散粒体结构总体积(%)。道床密实度是衡量道床工作状态及承载能力,检验养路机械的捣固夯实质量的主要参数。传统的密实度现场测定方法有灌砂法和灌水法。灌水法是各国测定密实度使用的基本方法,其基本原理是如图5所示;由公式得出道床的密实度,式中、为水的体积如图5(3)、(5)中所示,为图5(4)中W道碴的真实体积。灌水法的缺点是测点位置受限制、实施过程复杂、精度低且行车条件下难以实施。另外的方法是利用γ射线测定道床密实度,但由于辐射源的存在及使用而使得该方法无法大范围推广使用。鉴于以上原因,散体道床密实度的测量方法仍是目前铁道工程检测技术领域中的难题。 The compactness of the ballast bed refers to the degree to which the particles are arranged and compacted with each other. It is defined as: compactness = volume of solid particles/total volume of granular structures (%). The compactness of the ballast bed is the main parameter to measure the working state and bearing capacity of the ballast bed, and to test the tamping quality of the road maintenance machinery. The traditional on-site measurement methods of compactness include sand filling method and water filling method. The irrigation method is the basic method used by various countries to measure the compactness, and its basic principle is shown in Figure 5; by the formula Get the density of the bed , where , is the volume of water as shown in Figure 5(3) and (5), is the real volume of W ballast in Fig. 5(4). The disadvantages of the irrigation method are that the location of the measuring points is limited, the implementation process is complicated, the accuracy is low, and it is difficult to implement under driving conditions. Another method is to use γ-rays to measure the compactness of the ballast bed, but this method cannot be widely used due to the existence and use of radiation sources. In view of the above reasons, the measurement method of the compactness of the bulk ballast bed is still a difficult problem in the field of railway engineering detection technology.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种现场室内两用散体有碴道床密实度检测方法,用于实现无损检测散体有碴道床密实度,以克服现有测量方法测量精度低且不易实施的缺陷。 The invention provides an on-site and indoor dual-purpose method for detecting the compactness of a bulk ballasted track bed, which is used for non-destructive testing of the compactness of a bulk ballasted track bed, so as to overcome the defects of low measurement accuracy and difficult implementation of the existing measurement methods.
本发明方法具体操作为:测量轨枕底部与道碴间在5-10s内的接触强度值,计算各接触强度值的平均值得到接触强度平均值,计算接触强度平均值与特定测量值间的差值,通过计算差值比,取差值比的绝对值得到;当时,判定散体道床的密实程度为密实;当时,判定散体道床的密实程度为一般密实;当时,判定散体道床的密实程度为松散;其中所述特定测量值为新建道床达到密实状态后测得的接触强度值。 The specific operation of the method of the present invention is: measure the contact strength value between the bottom of the sleeper and the ballast in 5-10s, calculate the average value of each contact strength value to obtain the contact strength average value , to calculate the average contact intensity with specific measurements difference between ,pass Calculate the difference ratio , take the difference ratio The absolute value of ;when When , it is judged that the compactness of the bulk ballast bed is dense; when , it is judged that the compactness of the bulk ballast bed is generally compact; when When , it is judged that the compactness of the bulk ballast bed is loose; the specific measured value It is the contact strength value measured after the newly built ballast bed reaches a dense state.
所述接触强度值是指轨枕底部与道碴间的接触力与接触面积的比值。 The contact strength value refers to the ratio of the contact force between the bottom of the sleeper and the ballast to the contact area.
所述散体有碴道床密实度检测方法可用作室内试验道床密实度检测,也可用作室外现场铁路线路道床密实度监测。 The method for detecting the compactness of the ballasted ballast bed in bulk can be used for testing the compactness of the ballast bed in an indoor test, and can also be used for monitoring the compactness of the track bed in an outdoor on-site railway track.
本发明另一目的是提供一种用于散体有碴道床密实度检测方法的专用测量轨枕,其包括轨枕1、安装条2、安装座板3、缓冲隔垫4、压力传感器5、保护板6、传感器线槽7,其中4条安装条2固定在轨枕1底面,安装条2上装有传感器线槽7,安装座板3装在传感器线槽7上,缓冲隔垫4设置在安装座板3和保护板6之间,且三块板通过螺栓连接固定,4-8个压力传感器5安装于安装座板3的座孔内,并穿过缓冲隔垫4与保护板6接触,压力传感器5的信号传输线通过传感器线槽7通至道碴外部。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a special measuring sleeper for the method of detecting the compactness of loose ballasted ballast beds, which includes a sleeper 1, a mounting bar 2, a mounting seat plate 3, a buffer spacer 4, a pressure sensor 5, and a protection plate 6. Sensor trunking 7, of which 4 installation strips 2 are fixed on the bottom surface of sleeper 1, sensor trunking 7 is installed on installation strip 2, installation seat plate 3 is installed on sensor trunking 7, buffer spacer 4 is set on installation seat plate 3 and the protective plate 6, and the three plates are fixed by bolts, 4-8 pressure sensors 5 are installed in the seat hole of the seat plate 3, and pass through the buffer spacer 4 to contact the protective plate 6, the pressure sensor The signal transmission line of 5 passes to the ballast outside by sensor line groove 7.
所述缓冲隔垫4为聚氨酯缓冲隔垫。 The buffer spacer 4 is a polyurethane buffer spacer.
所述专用测量轨枕可布置在室内试验装置中,同时也可以设置在现场实际线路中。 The special measurement sleeper can be arranged in the indoor test device, and can also be arranged in the actual circuit on site.
所述专用测量轨枕在现场实际线路中,其功能可替代普通轨枕以便在现场环境监测有碴道床的密实度。 The special measuring sleeper is in the actual line on site, and its function can replace the ordinary sleeper so as to monitor the compactness of the ballasted bed in the on-site environment.
所述压力传感器5为常规市售标准压力传感器,抗冲击、过载能力强。 The pressure sensor 5 is a conventional commercially available standard pressure sensor with strong impact resistance and overload capability.
所述专用测量轨枕的使用步骤为: The steps for using the special-purpose measuring sleeper are:
1)在新建或既有铁路线路上被测铁路道床区域安装专用测量轨枕并进行信号传输线缆布置,集中设置线缆外接接口,且按照专用测量轨枕与普通轨枕间隔布置的方式安装,每个被测区域布置3~5个专用测量轨枕,保证传感器保护板6与枕底道碴之间接触;或在室内试验散体有碴道床区域重复上述安装步骤; 1) Install special measuring sleepers in the area of the tested railway track bed on new or existing railway lines and arrange signal transmission cables, centrally set the external connection interfaces of cables, and install them in the way that special measuring sleepers and ordinary sleepers are arranged at intervals, each Arrange 3 to 5 special measuring sleepers in the measured area to ensure the contact between the sensor protection plate 6 and the ballast at the bottom of the sleeper; or repeat the above installation steps in the area of the ballasted ballast bed for indoor testing;
2)新建或既有铁路线路经过稳定作业、实车试运行、运行等过程,即实施列车循环荷载加载过程;室内试验散体有碴道床主要通过模拟循环加载试验进行密实;通过以上过程使散体有碴道床达到密实状态,可通过传统灌水法或γ射线法测试其密实程度; 2) The newly-built or existing railway lines go through the process of stable operation, actual train trial run, and operation, that is, the train cyclic load loading process is implemented; the bulk ballasted ballast bed in the indoor test is mainly compacted through the simulated cyclic loading test; through the above process, the bulk When the ballasted bed reaches a dense state, the degree of compactness can be tested by the traditional irrigation method or the γ-ray method;
3)同时,按照下述步骤4)~9)内容测量普通轨枕底部或专用测量轨枕底部保护板与道碴间在5-10s内的接触强度值并取平均即获得特定测量值作为后续测量参考基准,对于同一道床通常标定一次,后续测量在半年后进行或根据线路使用情况临时调整; 3) At the same time, according to the following steps 4)~9), measure the contact strength value between the bottom of the ordinary sleeper or the special measurement of the contact strength between the bottom protection plate of the sleeper and the ballast within 5-10s and take the average to obtain the specific measurement value As a follow-up measurement reference, the same track bed is usually calibrated once, and the follow-up measurement is carried out after half a year or temporarily adjusted according to the line usage;
4)测量前,通过信号传输线缆外界接口连接动态信号测试仪器与专用测量轨枕中的压力传感器(或普通轨枕底部的压力传感器),通过数据传输线连接动态信号测试仪器与计算机,便携式移动电源为动态信号测试仪器与计算机提供电源; 4) Before the measurement, connect the dynamic signal testing instrument and the pressure sensor in the special measuring sleeper (or the pressure sensor at the bottom of the ordinary sleeper) through the external interface of the signal transmission cable, and connect the dynamic signal testing instrument and the computer through the data transmission line. The portable mobile power supply is Dynamic signal testing instrument and computer provide power supply;
5)对传感器、动态测试仪器、计算机软硬件进行联调,测试准备工作就绪; 5) Conduct joint debugging of sensors, dynamic testing instruments, computer software and hardware, and test preparations are ready;
6)测量时工况条件、测试区域及荷载状态应与步骤3)中测量时所采用的一致; 6) The working conditions, test area and load state during the measurement shall be consistent with those used during the measurement in step 3);
7)测量时,传感器保护板6直接与枕底道碴保持接触,外荷载作用经传感器保护板6传递给压力传感器5,聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4起到缓冲并减缓冲击的作用同时保证传感器保护板6能够接触到压力传感器5的工作面; 7) During measurement, the sensor protection plate 6 is in direct contact with the ballast at the bottom of the pillow, the external load is transmitted to the pressure sensor 5 through the sensor protection plate 6, and the polyurethane buffer spacer 4 plays the role of buffering and reducing impact while ensuring that the sensor protection plate 6 can contact the working surface of the pressure sensor 5;
8)进行数据采集,压力传感器测得数据信号经传输线缆、动态信号测试仪器、数据传输线传递给计算机,并通过控制软件进行分析提取测量专用测量轨枕底部传感器保护板6与道碴间在5-10s内的接触强度值,完成数据采集; 8) Data collection, the data signal measured by the pressure sensor is transmitted to the computer through the transmission cable, the dynamic signal testing instrument, and the data transmission line, and is analyzed and extracted through the control software. -Contact intensity value within 10s to complete data collection;
9)数据分析,对所获得的5-10s的接触强度值数据取平均计算获得; 9) Data analysis, the average calculation of the obtained 5-10s contact strength value data is obtained ;
10)根据测得及之前获得的,按本发明方法计算,根据结果判定所测道床密实度,后续可重复进行上述步骤中4)~10)步内容以完成不同使用阶段的道床密实度的测定。 10) According to the measured and previously obtained , calculated according to the method of the present invention ,according to The results determine the compactness of the track bed, and then repeat steps 4) to 10) in the above steps to complete the measurement of the compactness of the track bed at different stages of use.
按照现行铁路散体有碴道床建造标准及道床密实度判定规则,散体有碴道床经荷载循环加载作用后达到密实状态后,按照本发明方法的实施步骤测量轨枕底部与道碴间在5-10s内的接触强度值并取平均即获得特定测量值,作为后续进行道床密实度测量的参考基准。 According to the existing railway bulk ballast bed construction standards and ballast bed compactness determination rules, after the bulk ballast bed reaches a dense state after the load cycle loading action, the distance between the bottom of the sleeper and the ballast is measured according to the implementation steps of the method of the present invention. The contact intensity value within 10s is averaged to obtain a specific measurement value , as a reference for subsequent ballast bed compactness measurement.
本发明具有以下有益效果: The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本检测方法同时适用实验室室内道床密实度检测及现场实际线路道床密实度测量使用,同时可对道床密实度变化进行实时监控; 1. This test method is applicable to both the indoor ballast bed compactness test in the laboratory and the on-site actual line ballast bed compactness measurement. At the same time, it can monitor the ballast bed compactness change in real time;
2、本检测方法测试过程易于实施、规范,因此测试结果受操作人员自身操作水平影响有限,从而提高了测量精度; 2. The test process of this detection method is easy to implement and standardize, so the test results are limited by the operator's own operating level, thereby improving the measurement accuracy;
3、测试过程简单易学,分析过程及判别标准易于标准化,因此测试过程中可减少人工辅助工作,从而提高测试工作效率; 3. The test process is simple and easy to learn, and the analysis process and judgment standards are easy to standardize, so manual assistance can be reduced during the test process, thereby improving test work efficiency;
4、本测量方法及装置测量不受时间、地点及外界自然环境因素限制。 4. The measurement method and device are not limited by time, place and external natural environmental factors.
5、本发明提供的专用测量轨枕结构简单,外形尺寸及基本功能等同普通轨枕,但其内部设置的传感器结构可用于散体有碴道床密实度的测量; 5. The special measuring sleeper provided by the present invention has a simple structure, and its external dimensions and basic functions are equivalent to ordinary sleepers, but the sensor structure installed inside it can be used to measure the compactness of ballasted ballast bed in bulk;
6、专用测量轨枕在现场实际线路中,可替代普通轨枕布置在室内试验装置中,同时也可以设置在现场实际线路中。 6. The special measuring sleeper can be arranged in the indoor test device instead of the ordinary sleeper in the actual line on site, and can also be set in the actual line on site.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明专用测量轨枕的断面结构示意图; Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of special measuring sleeper of the present invention;
图2为本发明专用测量轨枕的轴测爆炸示意图; Fig. 2 is the axonometric explosion schematic diagram of the special measuring sleeper of the present invention;
图3为本发明专用测量轨枕的局部断面结构示意图; Fig. 3 is the local cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the special measuring sleeper of the present invention;
图4为本发明专用测量轨枕使用状态示意图; Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the special measuring sleeper of the present invention;
图5为本发明灌水法测量道床密实度原理示意图; Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of measuring the compactness of the track bed by the irrigation method of the present invention;
图中:1-轨枕;2-安装条;3-安装座板;4-缓冲隔垫;5-压力传感器;6-传感器保护板;7-传感器线槽;8-普通轨枕;9-动态信号测试仪器;10-数据传输线;11-计算机;12-信号传输线;13-专用测量轨枕;14-钢轨。 In the figure: 1-sleeper; 2-installation bar; 3-seat plate installation; 4-buffer spacer; 5-pressure sensor; 6-sensor protection plate; 7-sensor trunking; 8-ordinary sleeper; 9-dynamic signal Test instrument; 10-data transmission line; 11-computer; 12-signal transmission line; 13-special measuring sleeper; 14-rail.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明专利作进一步说明,但本发明专利的内容并不限于所述范围。 The patent of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the content of the patent of the present invention is not limited to the scope.
实施例1:本散体有碴道床密实度检测方法用作室内试验道床密实度检测,测试对象为试验室内新建散体有碴道床,道碴材质为普通石灰岩级配道碴,建成后经过50万次的室内循环加载压实,具体内容如下: Embodiment 1: This bulk ballasted ballast bed density detection method is used as an indoor test ballast bed compactness detection. The test object is a new bulk ballasted ballast bed in the laboratory. The ballast material is ordinary limestone graded ballast. After completion, after 50 10,000 cycles of indoor cyclic loading and compaction, the details are as follows:
通过测量专用测量轨枕底部保护板与道碴间在5s内接触强度值,接触强度值每隔0.1s收集一次,计算各接触强度值的平均值得到接触强度平均值,计算接触强度平均值与特定测量值间的差值,通过计算差值比,取差值比的绝对值得到;测得结果如下:测量时间5s,特定测量值=45MPa,接触强度平均值=42.4MPa,=5.78%,5%<5.78%<10%,因此判定被测道床基本密实;上述测量及分析过程总共耗时2小时。 By measuring the contact strength value between the protective plate at the bottom of the sleeper and the ballast within 5s, the contact strength value is collected every 0.1s, and the average value of each contact strength value is calculated to obtain the average value of the contact strength , to calculate the average contact intensity with specific measurements difference between ,pass Calculate the difference ratio , take the difference ratio The absolute value of ;The measured results are as follows: measurement time 5s, specific measurement value =45MPa, average contact strength =42.4MPa, =5.78%, 5%<5.78%<10%, so it is judged that the track bed under test is basically dense; the above measurement and analysis process takes 2 hours in total.
本实施例中用于散体有碴道床密实度检测方法的专用测量轨枕结构如图1-4,所述专用测量轨枕包括轨枕1、安装条2、安装座板3、聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4、压力传感器5、保护板6、传感器线槽7,其中4条安装条2固定在轨枕1底面,安装条2上装有传感器线槽7,安装座板3装在传感器线槽7上,聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4设置在安装座板3和保护板6之间,且三块板通过螺栓连接固定,4个压力传感器5安装于安装座板3的座孔内,并穿过聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4与保护板6接触,压力传感器5的信号传输线通过传感器线槽7通至道碴外部。 In this embodiment, the structure of the special measuring sleeper used for the compactness detection method of the bulk ballasted track bed is shown in Figure 1-4. The special measuring sleeper includes a sleeper 1, a mounting strip 2, a mounting seat plate 3, a polyurethane buffer spacer 4, Pressure sensor 5, protective plate 6, sensor wire slot 7, among which 4 installation strips 2 are fixed on the bottom surface of sleeper 1, sensor wire slot 7 is installed on installation bar 2, installation seat plate 3 is installed on sensor wire slot 7, polyurethane buffer spacer The pad 4 is arranged between the installation seat plate 3 and the protection plate 6, and the three plates are fixed by bolts, and the four pressure sensors 5 are installed in the seat holes of the installation seat plate 3, and pass through the polyurethane buffer spacer 4 and the protection plate. The plate 6 contacts, and the signal transmission line of the pressure sensor 5 passes through the sensor line groove 7 to the outside of the ballast.
所述专用测量轨枕布置在室内试验装置中,压力传感器5型号为AK-4B压力传感器。 The special measurement sleeper is arranged in the indoor test device, and the pressure sensor 5 is an AK-4B pressure sensor.
在被测铁路道床区域安装3个专用测量轨枕,且按专用测量轨枕13与普通轨枕8间隔布置方式安装;钢轨14设置在专用测量轨枕和普通轨枕上方;测量时,AK-4B压力传感器5通过信号传输线12与DH5923动态信号测试仪器连接,传感器保护板6直接与道碴接触,接触力经传感器保护板6传递给压力传感器5,聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4起到缓冲并减缓冲击的作用同时保证传保护板6能够接触到压力传感器5的工作面;压力传感器5测得信号经信号传输线12、动态信号测试仪器9、数据传输线10传递给计算机11,测试按如下步骤如下: Install 3 special measurement sleepers in the track bed area of the railway under test, and install them according to the arrangement of special measurement sleepers 13 and ordinary sleepers 8 at intervals; the rail 14 is set above the special measurement sleepers and ordinary sleepers; during measurement, the AK-4B pressure sensor 5 passes The signal transmission line 12 is connected with the DH5923 dynamic signal testing instrument, the sensor protection plate 6 is directly in contact with the ballast, the contact force is transmitted to the pressure sensor 5 through the sensor protection plate 6, and the polyurethane buffer spacer 4 plays the role of buffering and reducing the impact while ensuring transmission. Protection plate 6 can contact the working face of pressure sensor 5; Pressure sensor 5 measures signal and transmits to computer 11 through signal transmission line 12, dynamic signal testing instrument 9, data transmission line 10, and test is as follows as follows:
1)室内试验散体有碴道床区域安装专用测量轨枕并进行信号传输线缆布置,集中设置线缆外接接口,且按照专用测量轨枕与普通轨枕间隔布置的方式安装,每个被测区域布置3个专用测量轨枕,保证传感器保护板6与枕底道碴之间接触; 1) Install special measuring sleepers in the ballasted bed area of the indoor test and arrange the signal transmission cables, and centrally set the external connection interface of the cables, and install them according to the interval between the special measuring sleepers and ordinary sleepers. Each measured area is arranged 3 a special measuring sleeper to ensure contact between the sensor protection plate 6 and the ballast at the bottom of the sleeper;
2)对室内试验散体有碴道床进行循环加载试验,使其达到密实状态,通过传统灌水法测试其密实程度为密实; 2) Carry out a cyclic loading test on the ballasted ballast bed of the indoor test to make it reach a compact state, and test its compactness through the traditional irrigation method to be compact;
3)同时,按照下述步骤4)~9)内容测量专用测量轨枕底部保护板与道碴间在5s内的接触强度值并取平均即获得特定测量值=45MPa作为后续测量参考基准,后续测量间隔为半年; 3) At the same time, according to the following steps 4)~9), measure the contact strength value between the protective plate at the bottom of the special measurement sleeper and the ballast within 5s and take the average to obtain a specific measurement value =45MPa as the follow-up measurement reference, and the follow-up measurement interval is half a year;
4)测量前,通过信号传输线缆外界接口连接动态信号测试仪器与专用测量轨枕中的压力传感器,通过数据传输线连接动态信号测试仪器与计算机,通过;便携式移动电源为动态信号测试仪器与计算机提供电源; 4) Before the measurement, connect the dynamic signal testing instrument and the pressure sensor in the special measuring sleeper through the external interface of the signal transmission cable, connect the dynamic signal testing instrument and the computer through the data transmission line, and pass; the portable mobile power supply is provided for the dynamic signal testing instrument and the computer. power supply;
5)对传感器、动态测试仪器、计算机软硬件进行联调,测试准备工作就绪; 5) Conduct joint debugging of sensors, dynamic testing instruments, computer software and hardware, and test preparations are ready;
6)测量时工况条件、测试区域及荷载状态应与步骤3)中测量时所采用的一致; 6) The working conditions, test area and load state during the measurement shall be consistent with those used during the measurement in step 3);
7)测量时,传感器保护板6直接与枕底道碴保持接触,外荷载作用经传感器保护板6传递给压力传感器5,聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4起到缓冲并减缓冲击的作用同时保证传感器保护板6能够接触到压力传感器5的工作面; 7) During measurement, the sensor protection plate 6 is in direct contact with the ballast at the bottom of the pillow, the external load is transmitted to the pressure sensor 5 through the sensor protection plate 6, and the polyurethane buffer spacer 4 plays the role of buffering and reducing impact while ensuring that the sensor protection plate 6 can contact the working surface of the pressure sensor 5;
8)进行数据采集,压力传感器测得数据信号经传输线缆、动态信号测试仪器、数据传输线传递给计算机,并通过控制软件进行分析提取测量专用测量轨枕底部传感器保护板6与道碴间在5-10s内的接触强度值,完成数据采集; 8) Data collection, the data signal measured by the pressure sensor is transmitted to the computer through the transmission cable, the dynamic signal testing instrument, and the data transmission line, and is analyzed and extracted through the control software. -Contact intensity value within 10s to complete data collection;
9)数据分析,对所获得的5s的接触强度值数据取平均计算获得=42.4MPa; 9) Data analysis, the average calculation of the obtained 5s contact strength value data is obtained =42.4MPa;
10)按照上述步骤4)~10)步内容获得,根据测得及之前获得的,按本发明方法计算=5.78%,5%<5.78%<10%,根据结果判定所测道床密实度为基本密实;后续密实度监测以半年为一个测量周期或根据线路情况进行调整。 10) Follow the above steps 4)~10) to obtain , according to the measured and previously obtained , calculated according to the method of the present invention =5.78%, 5%<5.78%<10%, according to As a result, it was determined that the density of the track bed measured was basically dense; the follow-up density monitoring took half a year as a measurement cycle or adjusted according to the line conditions.
测试结果分析: Analysis of test results:
同时采用常规灌水法对上述散体道床进行检测,结果道床基本密实,灌水法测量总共耗时8小时,二者相比采用本发明方法测试结果与传统灌水法基本一致,且测试时间缩短为原来的1/4。 At the same time, the conventional irrigation method is used to detect the above-mentioned bulk ballast bed, and the result is that the ballast bed is basically dense, and the water irrigation method takes 8 hours to measure in total. Compared with the two, the test results of the method of the present invention are basically consistent with the traditional water irrigation method, and the test time is shortened. 1/4 of.
实施例2:本散体有碴道床密实度检测方法,本方法用作室外现场铁路线路道床密实度监测,测试对象为室外现场铁路线路有碴道床,道碴材质为普通花岗岩级配道床,建成后经过近一年的列车反复作用,日平均列车20列客货运车辆混合通行,具体内容如下: Embodiment 2: This loose body has ballast bed compactness testing method, and this method is used as the track bed compactness monitoring of outdoor on-site railway line, and the test object is the ballast bed of outdoor on-site railway line, and ballast material is ordinary granite graded track bed, built After nearly a year of repeated operation of trains, an average of 20 passenger and freight trains per day are mixed. The details are as follows:
通过测量专用测量轨枕底部保护板与道碴间在8s内接触强度值,接触强度值每隔0.1s收集一次,计算各接触强度值的平均值得到接触强度平均值,计算接触强度平均值与特定测量值间的差值,通过计算差值比,取差值比的绝对值得到;测得结果如下:测量时间5s,特定测量值=47.5MPa,接触强度平均值=44.69MPa,=5.92%,5%<5.92%<10%,因此判定被测道床基本密实;上述测量及分析过程总共耗时4小时。 By measuring the contact strength value between the protective plate at the bottom of the sleeper and the ballast within 8s, the contact strength value is collected every 0.1s, and the average value of each contact strength value is calculated to obtain the average value of the contact strength , to calculate the average contact intensity with specific measurements difference between ,pass Calculate the difference ratio , take the difference ratio The absolute value of ;The measured results are as follows: measurement time 5s, specific measurement value =47.5MPa, the average contact strength =44.69MPa, =5.92%, 5%<5.92%<10%, so it is judged that the measured track bed is basically dense; the above measurement and analysis process took a total of 4 hours.
本实施例中用于散体有碴道床密实度检测方法的专用测量轨枕包括轨枕1、安装条2、安装座板3、聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4、压力传感器5、保护板6、传感器线槽7,其中4条安装条2固定在轨枕1底面,安装条2上装有传感器线槽7,安装座板3装在传感器线槽7上,聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4设置在安装座板3和保护板6之间,且三块板通过螺栓连接固定,4个压力传感器5安装于安装座板3的座孔内,并穿过聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4与保护板6接触,压力传感器5的信号传输线通过传感器线槽7通至道碴外部。 In this embodiment, the special measuring sleeper used for the detection method of compactness of loose ballasted ballast bed includes sleeper 1, installation strip 2, installation seat plate 3, polyurethane buffer spacer 4, pressure sensor 5, protection plate 6, sensor wire slot 7 , wherein four installation strips 2 are fixed on the bottom surface of the sleeper 1, the installation strip 2 is equipped with a sensor wire groove 7, the installation seat plate 3 is installed on the sensor wire groove 7, and the polyurethane buffer spacer 4 is arranged on the installation seat plate 3 and the protection plate 6 Between, and the three boards are fixed by bolt connection, four pressure sensors 5 are installed in the seat hole of the installation seat plate 3, and pass through the polyurethane buffer spacer 4 to contact the protection plate 6, the signal transmission line of the pressure sensor 5 passes through the sensor Line groove 7 leads to ballast outside.
所述压力传感器5型号为DH1003B压力传感器。 The model of the pressure sensor 5 is DH1003B pressure sensor.
所述专用测量轨枕在现场实际线路中,其功能可替代普通轨枕以便在现场环境监测有碴道床的密实度。 The special measuring sleeper is in the actual line on site, and its function can replace the ordinary sleeper so as to monitor the compactness of the ballasted bed in the on-site environment.
在被测铁路道床区域安装5个专用测量轨枕,且按专用测量轨枕与普通轨枕间隔布置方式安装;钢轨设置在专用测量轨枕和普通轨枕上方;测量时,DH1003B压力传感器5通过信号传输线12与DH5920N动态信号测试仪器连接,传感器保护板6直接与道碴接触,接触力经传感器保护板6传递给压力传感器5,聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4起到缓冲并减缓冲击的作用同时保证传保护板6能够接触到压力传感器5的工作面;压力传感器5测得信号经信号传输线12、动态信号测试仪器9、数据传输线10传递给计算机11;测试按如下步骤如下: Install 5 special measuring sleepers in the track bed area of the tested railway, and install them according to the interval arrangement between special measuring sleepers and ordinary sleepers; the rails are set above the special measuring sleepers and ordinary sleepers; during measurement, DH1003B pressure sensor 5 communicates with DH5920N through signal transmission line 12 The dynamic signal testing instrument is connected, the sensor protection plate 6 is in direct contact with the ballast, the contact force is transmitted to the pressure sensor 5 through the sensor protection plate 6, and the polyurethane buffer spacer 4 plays the role of buffering and reducing the impact while ensuring that the transmission protection plate 6 can contact To the working surface of the pressure sensor 5; the signal measured by the pressure sensor 5 is transmitted to the computer 11 through the signal transmission line 12, the dynamic signal testing instrument 9, and the data transmission line 10; the test is as follows as follows:
1)在室外新建铁路线路上被测铁路道床区域安装专用测量轨枕并进行信号传输线缆布置,集中设置线缆外接接口,且按照专用测量轨枕与普通轨枕间隔布置的方式安装,每个被测区域布置5个专用测量轨枕,保证传感器保护板6与枕底道碴之间接触; 1) Install special measuring sleepers in the track bed area of the tested railway on the newly built outdoor railway line and arrange the signal transmission cables. 5 special measuring sleepers are arranged in the area to ensure the contact between the sensor protection plate 6 and the ballast at the bottom of the sleeper;
2)对新建铁路线路进行实车运行,即实施列车循环荷载加载过程,通过以上过程使散体有碴道床达到密实状态;通过传统灌水法测试其密实程度为密实; 2) Carry out real train operation on the newly built railway line, that is, implement the train cyclic load loading process, through the above process, make the loose ballasted track bed reach a dense state; the degree of compactness is tested by the traditional irrigation method;
3)同时,按照下述步骤4)~9)内容测量专用测量轨枕底部保护板与道碴间在8s内的接触强度值并取平均即获得特定测量值=47.5MPa作为后续测量参考基准,后续测量间隔为半年; 3) At the same time, according to the following steps 4)~9), measure the contact strength value between the protective plate at the bottom of the special measurement sleeper and the ballast within 8s and take the average to obtain a specific measurement value =47.5MPa as the follow-up measurement reference, and the follow-up measurement interval is half a year;
4)测量前,通过信号传输线缆外界接口连接动态信号测试仪器与专用测量轨枕中的压力传感器,通过数据传输线连接动态信号测试仪器与计算机,通过;便携式移动电源为动态信号测试仪器与计算机提供电源; 4) Before the measurement, connect the dynamic signal testing instrument and the pressure sensor in the special measuring sleeper through the external interface of the signal transmission cable, connect the dynamic signal testing instrument and the computer through the data transmission line, and pass; the portable mobile power supply is provided for the dynamic signal testing instrument and the computer. power supply;
5)对传感器、动态测试仪器、计算机软硬件进行联调,测试准备工作就绪; 5) Conduct joint debugging of sensors, dynamic testing instruments, computer software and hardware, and test preparations are ready;
6)测量时工况条件、测试区域及荷载状态应与步骤3)中测量时所采用的一致; 6) The working conditions, test area and load state during the measurement shall be consistent with those used during the measurement in step 3);
7)测量时,传感器保护板6直接与枕底道碴保持接触,外荷载作用经传感器保护板6传递给压力传感器5,聚氨酯缓冲隔垫4起到缓冲并减缓冲击的作用同时保证传感器保护板6能够接触到压力传感器5的工作面; 7) During measurement, the sensor protection plate 6 is in direct contact with the ballast at the bottom of the pillow, the external load is transmitted to the pressure sensor 5 through the sensor protection plate 6, and the polyurethane buffer spacer 4 plays the role of buffering and reducing impact while ensuring that the sensor protection plate 6 can contact the working surface of the pressure sensor 5;
8)进行数据采集,压力传感器测得数据信号经传输线缆、动态信号测试仪器、数据传输线传递给计算机,并通过控制软件进行分析提取测量专用测量轨枕底部传感器保护板6与道碴间在5-10s内的接触强度值,完成数据采集; 8) Data collection, the data signal measured by the pressure sensor is transmitted to the computer through the transmission cable, the dynamic signal testing instrument, and the data transmission line, and is analyzed and extracted through the control software. -Contact intensity value within 10s to complete data collection;
9)数据分析,对所获得的8s的接触强度值数据取平均计算获得=44.69MPa; 9) Data analysis, the average calculation of the obtained 8s contact strength value data is obtained =44.69MPa;
10)按照上述步骤4)~10)步内容获得,根据测得及之前获得的,按本发明方法计算=5.92%,5%<5.92%<10%,根据结果判定所测道床密实度为基本密实;后续密实度监测以半年为一个测量周期或根据线路情况进行调整。 10) Follow the above steps 4)~10) to obtain , according to the measured and previously obtained , calculated according to the method of the present invention =5.92%, 5%<5.92%<10%, according to As a result, it was determined that the density of the track bed measured was basically dense; the follow-up density monitoring took half a year as a measurement cycle or adjusted according to the line conditions.
测试结果分析: Analysis of test results:
同时采用常规灌水法对上述散体道床进行检测,结果道床基本密实,灌水法测量总共耗时15小时。二者相比采用本发明方法测试结果与传统灌水法基本一致,且测试时间缩短为原来的近1/4。 At the same time, the conventional irrigation method was used to test the above-mentioned bulk ballast bed, and the result was that the ballast bed was basically dense, and the water irrigation method took a total of 15 hours to measure. Compared with the two, the test result of the method of the present invention is basically the same as that of the traditional irrigation method, and the test time is shortened to nearly 1/4 of the original.
实施例3:本散体有碴道床密实度检测方法,本方法用作室内试验道床密实度检测,测试对象为试验室内新建散体有碴道床,道碴材质为普通花岗岩岩级配道碴,建成后经过100万次的室内循环加载压实,具体方法如下: Embodiment 3: This loose body has ballast bed compactness detection method, and this method is used as indoor test ballast bed compactness detection, and test object is that newly-built loose body has ballast bed in laboratory, and ballast material is ordinary granite rock gradation ballast, After completion, it has undergone 1 million cycles of indoor cyclic loading and compaction. The specific methods are as follows:
首先在普通轨枕下方放置压力传感器,压力传感器及其线路须经保护,通过测量轨枕底部与道碴间在10s内接触强度值,接触强度值每隔0.1s收集一次,计算各接触强度值的平均值得到接触强度平均值,计算接触强度平均值与特定测量值间的差值,通过计算差值比,取差值比的绝对值得到;测得结果如下:测量时间10s,特定测量值=45MPa,接触强度平均值=43.6MPa,=3.11%,3.11%<5%,因此判定被测道床密实,上述测量及分析过程总共耗时2小时。 First place a pressure sensor under the ordinary sleeper. The pressure sensor and its circuit must be protected. By measuring the contact strength value between the bottom of the sleeper and the ballast within 10s, the contact strength value is collected every 0.1s, and the average value of each contact strength value is calculated. Contact Intensity Mean , to calculate the average contact intensity with specific measurements difference between ,pass Calculate the difference ratio , take the difference ratio The absolute value of ;The measured results are as follows: measurement time 10s, specific measurement value =45MPa, average contact strength =43.6MPa, =3.11%, 3.11%<5%, so it is determined that the track bed under test is dense, and the above measurement and analysis process takes 2 hours in total.
同时采用常规灌水法对上述散体道床进行检测,结果道床基本密实,灌水法测量总共耗时8小时。二者相比采用本发明方法测试结果与传统灌水法基本一致,且测试时间缩短为原来的1/4。 At the same time, the conventional irrigation method was used to test the above-mentioned bulk ballast bed, and the result was that the ballast bed was basically dense, and the water irrigation method took a total of 8 hours to measure. Compared with the two, the test result of the method of the present invention is basically the same as that of the traditional irrigation method, and the test time is shortened to 1/4 of the original.
所述压力传感器5型号为AK-3B压力传感器。 The model of the pressure sensor 5 is AK-3B pressure sensor.
测量按如下步骤进行: The measurement is carried out as follows:
1)室内试验散体有碴道床区域安装压力传感器并进行信号传输线缆布置,集中设置线缆外接接口,每个被测区域间隔选择4个普通轨枕并在其底部布置压力传感器,保证传感器工作面(经保护)与枕底道碴之间接触; 1) Install the pressure sensor in the ballast bed area of the indoor test bulk and arrange the signal transmission cable, centrally set the external connection interface of the cable, select 4 ordinary sleepers at intervals for each tested area and arrange the pressure sensor at the bottom to ensure the sensor works contact between the surface (protected) and the ballast under the pillow;
2)对室内试验散体有碴道床进行循环加载试验,使其达到密实状态,通过传统灌水法测试其密实程度为密实; 2) Carry out a cyclic loading test on the ballasted ballast bed of the indoor test to make it reach a compact state, and test its compactness through the traditional irrigation method to be compact;
3)同时,按照下述步骤4)~9)内容测量普通轨枕底部压力传感器工作面(经保护)与道碴间在8s内的接触强度值并取平均即获得特定测量值=45MPa作为后续测量参考基准,后续测量间隔为半年; 3) At the same time, according to the following steps 4)~9), measure the contact strength value between the pressure sensor working surface (protected) and the ballast at the bottom of the ordinary sleeper within 8s and take the average to obtain a specific measurement value =45MPa as the follow-up measurement reference, and the follow-up measurement interval is half a year;
4)测量前,通过信号传输线缆外界接口连接动态信号测试仪器与压力传感器,通过数据传输线连接动态信号测试仪器与计算机;便携式移动电源为动态信号测试仪器与计算机提供电源; 4) Before measurement, connect the dynamic signal testing instrument and the pressure sensor through the external interface of the signal transmission cable, and connect the dynamic signal testing instrument and the computer through the data transmission line; the portable mobile power supply provides power for the dynamic signal testing instrument and the computer;
5)对传感器、动态测试仪器、计算机软硬件进行联调,测试准备工作就绪; 5) Conduct joint debugging of sensors, dynamic testing instruments, computer software and hardware, and test preparations are ready;
6)测量时工况条件、测试区域及荷载状态应与步骤3)中测量时所采用的一致; 6) The working conditions, test area and load state during the measurement shall be consistent with those used during the measurement in step 3);
7)测量时,压力传感器工作面(经保护)直接与枕底道碴保持接触,外荷载作用经压力传感器工作面(经保护)传递给压力传感器; 7) During measurement, the working surface of the pressure sensor (protected) is in direct contact with the ballast under the pillow, and the external load is transmitted to the pressure sensor through the working surface of the pressure sensor (protected);
8)进行数据采集,压力传感器测得数据信号经传输线缆、动态信号测试仪器、数据传输线传递给计算机,完成数据采集; 8) Data collection, the data signal measured by the pressure sensor is transmitted to the computer through the transmission cable, the dynamic signal tester, and the data transmission line to complete the data collection;
9)数据分析,对所获得的10s的接触强度值数据取平均计算获得=43.6MPa; 9) Data analysis, the average calculation of the obtained 10s contact strength value data is obtained =43.6MPa;
10)按照上述步骤4)~10)步内容获得,根据测得及之前获得的,按本发明方法计算=3.11%,3.11%<5%,根据结果判定所测道床密实度为密实;后续密实度监测以半年为一个测量周期或根据线路情况进行调整。 10) Follow the above steps 4)~10) to obtain , according to the measured and previously obtained , calculated according to the method of the present invention =3.11%, 3.11%<5%, according to As a result, it is determined that the density of the measured track bed is dense; the follow-up density monitoring takes half a year as a measurement cycle or adjusts according to the line conditions.
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