CN1042992A - The vehicle-mounted test method and apparatus of compactness - Google Patents
The vehicle-mounted test method and apparatus of compactness Download PDFInfo
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- CN1042992A CN1042992A CN 88108315 CN88108315A CN1042992A CN 1042992 A CN1042992 A CN 1042992A CN 88108315 CN88108315 CN 88108315 CN 88108315 A CN88108315 A CN 88108315A CN 1042992 A CN1042992 A CN 1042992A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to be installed in and a kind ofly roll along its supporting basis with drum one side, the mode (hereinafter to be referred as the oscillation compaction mode) of one side shimmy around its axle center (promptly around its axle center clockwise and counterclockwise alternation swing) is come on the facility on compacting basis, is used for measuring the method for testing of vehicle-mounted monitoring device of compaction and the means of this method of realization.The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of better way to be applied to by the vehicle-mounted monitoring system on the compacting equipment of oscillation compaction principle work.It can measure the compactness that the basis is reached continuously, effectively in the process of oscillation compaction.
Description
The present invention relates to be installed in and a kind ofly roll along its supporting basis with drum one side, the mode (hereinafter to be referred as the oscillation compaction mode) of one side shimmy around its axle center (promptly around its axle center clockwise and counterclockwise alternation swing) is come on the facility on compacting basis, is used for measuring the method for testing of vehicle-mounted monitoring device of compaction and the means of this method of realization.
Tradition is checked the method for compactness, such as core cutter method, filling micromicrofarad, bubble method etc., all is soil to be surveyed sample after compacting finishes again.These methods all will rely on careful skilled manual operations, take a lot of work, time-consuming, and can only be provided at the result who obtains on a limited number of test points, thereby often have bigger randomness.Simultaneously, traditional method can not obtain the information of compactness in the process that compacting is carried out, thereby can only do over again when compacting is not enough and press, then wastes energy when overcompaction.
Therefore people wish to have a kind of vehicle-mounted monitoring device that is installed on the machine always for a long time, degree that can the continuous coverage basic material is compacted in the process that compacting work is carried out.
Successively there have been several vehicle-mounted monitoring devices to come out since the seventies, for example at world patent W082/01905, Swedish patent SE424455(Sweden Dynapac company), the BTM measuring instrument of the German Bomag of the compacting meter of U.S. Pat 4103554 introductions and connection group company development.They all are mounted in the vehicle-mounted monitoring device that is used for measuring in vibrating compaction process compactness on the vibroll.
Street roller by new oscillation compaction principle work has appearred in early eighties, and it utilizes the alternation oscillating motion of the drum that the exciting moment of torsion of alternation evoked to come the compacting basis.
Because the mechanism of oscillation compaction and the mechanism of vibrating compacting are diverse, therefore all above-mentioned compactness vehicle-mounted monitorings that are applied on the vibroll are put the compacting equipment that all can not be used for by the work of oscillation compaction principle, and the world patent W 086/03237 that announced in 1986 is a unique up to now invention that relates to the compactness vehicle-mounted monitoring device that is installed on this type compacting machinary.
The measuring principle of the oscillation compaction meter that the W086/03237 patent is introduced is based on the drum core wheel along being parallel to basic plane and being to set up on the basis of this understanding of sinusoidal curve near the curve zero point perpendicular to the acceleration of wheel on the direction of principal axis, by being carried out suitable processing, near the signal of this acceleration zero point can obtain above-mentioned sinusoidal amplitude, the latter then is directly proportional with soil rigidity, thereby can be used for estimating the compaction on basis.In patent W086/03237, propose two kinds of disposal routes and obtained above-mentioned sinusoidal amplitude, a kind of is to utilize the slope of detection signal zero crossing and the value of taking advantage of in cycle to calculate its amplitude, and another kind is to utilize near curved segments zero point to be carried out fitting method to obtain sinusoidal curve and calculate its amplitude.For in avoiding since the cyclic fluctuation of the moving flat horizontal bad caused detection signal of drum simultaneously also for the fluctuation of signal during level and smooth each week, patent W086/03237 suggestion is carried out a homogenizing of signal and is handled in a plurality of complete cycles that drum rolls.Adopted band to lead to the interference of eliminating high and low frequency with low-pass filter.Core wheel is detected by the sensor of an accelerometer that is installed in bearing center and an induction type respectively perpendicular to the rotating speed of axial acceleration of wheel and drum again along being parallel to basic plane.Detected signal is realized above-mentioned various processing and calculating by the computing unit of a band microprocessor, and at last the result is presented on the indicating instrument.
Since the numerical value that adopts amplitude domain as the parameter of estimating compactness and amplitude to be calculating or curve-fitting method by slope obtain, thereby need carry out more calculating and statistical treatment work for disturbing comparatively responsive, hardware configuration is more complicated also.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of better way to be applied to by the vehicle-mounted monitoring system on the compacting equipment of oscillation compaction principle work.It can measure the compactness that the basis is reached continuously, effectively in the process of oscillation compaction.
The method that realizes the object of the invention is on the basis of having analyzed the oscillation compaction digital model, according to " drum around the lagging motion in axle center and core wheel along be parallel to the basis and perpendicular to the axial oscillating movement of wheel between exist hysteresis and the phase differential of time; and along with the progressively compacting on basis; trackslipping between drum and basis progressively increases, and time lag and phase differential between two motions also progressively increase until reaching a stationary value " this principle proposes.The characteristics of this method be by measure drum around the lagging motion in axle center and core wheel along being parallel to the basis and coming the slip level between direct estimation drum and the basis and estimate the compaction on basis perpendicular to the time lag between the axial oscillating movement of wheel or phase differential.This estimation be by will be under a certain compaction at a time or sometime at interval the phase differential of two definite motions compare with a certain reference value and realize.This reference value can be the phase differential between two motions that record under the standard compaction, also can be the phase differential that records under another compaction.The former can provide the estimation to the compactness absolute value, and the latter then will provide certain relative estimation of compactness.
Because adopt phase differential as the parameter of estimating, they are more much smaller than the parameter of amplitude domain to the susceptibility of disturbing, and needn't carry out curve fitting and can directly obtain, thereby the good stability of test findings, this is the significant advantage of this method.
In order to realize this method, the present invention has adopted a device that comprises three sensors and a processor, has two sensors to be used for experiencing the lagging motion of drum around the axle center in three sensors, and another is used for experiencing the horizontal vibration motion of drum.Processor is used for calculating phase differential or the time lag between two motions, and it has three kinds of schemes available: a kind of is the mistiming of directly calculating two waveform pass zero points; Another kind is the phase differential that calculates two signals by the mode of discrete fourier transform; The third is to calculate time lag between two signals by cross correlation function.
Detailed description of the present invention will further be illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.The drawing of accompanying drawing is described as follows:
Fig. 1 has shown the synoptic diagram of vibration wheel work and input.
Fig. 2 has shown the waveform of drum lagging motion and core wheel horizontal vibration motion when not trackslipping between drum and basis.
Fig. 3 has shown between drum and basis the waveform that has drum lagging motion and the motion of core wheel horizontal vibration when necessarily trackslipping.
Fig. 4 a, 4b, 4c have shown three kinds of methods of the drum lagging motion that is detected and core wheel tangential movement signal being carried out signal Processing respectively.
Fig. 5 has shown the different phase differential that the method and apparatus that utilizes the present invention to propose when working on the basis of different-stiffness by the mode of oscillation compaction records.
The funtcional relationship that the phase differential that Fig. 6 has utilized method and apparatus proposed by the invention to record when having shown by oscillation compaction mode compacting soil changes with compacting counting.
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of vibration wheel work.The exciting effect owing to alternate torque when work of vibration wheel will cause the lagging motion of drum 5 around its axle center.This lagging motion will make the friction force that produces alternation between drum and the basis 6.Because the wheel shaft of drum is used as glue damping block and frame and flexibly hung, therefore when doing lagging motion (being called for short the lagging motion of drum), its axle center also can evoke the drum core wheel along being parallel to the basis and perpendicular to oscillating movement (horizontal vibration that the is called for short core wheel is moved) (see figure 1) of the direction of wheel shaft 7 at drum.
And friction force drum and basis between little when exciting force is during less than its stiction (adhesion), (this condition always satisfies in reality usually) under certain condition, keeping a constant substantially original phase poor between the motion of the lagging motion of drum and the horizontal vibration of core wheel, as the corresponding time difference that relatively moves of the coordinate with time shaft, will be synchronous (see figure 2) between two motions then.
Under the bigger situation of vibration force, certain trackslipping will take place between drum and the basis, thereby the lagging motion of drum and the synchronized relation of core wheel horizontal vibration have been destroyed, and cause additional time lag and additional phase differential between the two, and trackslip bigger then additional between the two time lag and the phase differential big (see figure 3) that also heals.
Compacting process for reality, progressively be compacted owing to loosen the soil, the horizontal shearing rigidity on basis increases gradually, when beginning, because soil rigidity is less, basically it is very little not trackslip between drum and basis or trackslip, this moment between the lagging motion of drum and the horizontal vibration of core wheel are moved in cancellation be synchronous basically after the original phase difference or phase differential is very little.Along with the increase of compaction, at driving torque M=M
AUnder the effect of Sin ω t, the also surplus benefit of the amount of trackslipping between drum and the basis increases, thereby causes the more increase of time lag and phase differential between two motions.When basis compaction to a certain degree, when compactness no longer increases, the amount of trackslipping also will be stabilized on a certain value with phase differential.Therefore time lag between two motions or phase differential can be used to estimate the compaction on basis.Phase differential between above-mentioned two motions not only can be represented with the phase differential between their displacements, and available their speed, and the phase differential between the acceleration is represented.
In order to obtain this phase differential, need to detect two signals, wherein the drum core wheel is along being parallel to the basis and can adopting an acceleration transducer 3 that was installed in drum wheel shaft and the plane parallel with the basis perpendicular to the axial oscillating movement of wheel, and makes its axis and the perpendicular (see figure 1) of wheel shaft.This mounting means will make 3 of sensors experience core wheel be parallel to the basis and perpendicular to the wheel axial oscillating movement, and do not experience drum with around the shimmy motion in its axle center.
Drum is comparatively complicated around the detection of its shimmy signal in axle center.This be because when drum in when rolling, acceleration transducer mounted thereto not only will be experienced the shimmy acceleration of roller but also with perceived level and the vertical direction acceleration component in the roller tangential direction.In order to detect shimmy acceleration from these acceleration, the present invention adopts scheme shown in Figure 1 to address this problem.
In the plane of the wheel shaft of crossing drum 5 (the plane A of Fig. 1), and with the position of core wheel symmetry on, two acceleration transducers 1 and 2 are installed.The base plane of two sensors should be consistent with plane A, and make them in a certain instantaneous tangential acceleration experienced of drum around its axis swing, and the equal and opposite in direction direction then or all is to point to base plane, perhaps all leaves base plane.In order to increase the shimmy signal that sensor is experienced, sensor 1,2 should be installed in the bigger radius of core wheel, for example in the place near wheel rim.Sensor 1 and 2 is made the signal of impression and is exported after synthetic.This moment is by the drum level of two sensors impression and the signal a of vertical vibration
xAnd a
yTo cancel out each other, and only stay the signal a of drum around axis swing
TThe acceleration signal of sensor 1 impression is a as shown in Figure 4
1=a
T-a
xSin θ, sensor a
2The acceleration signal a of impression
2=a
T+ a
xSin θ, then He Cheng result is a
1+ a
2=2a
TBecause the vibration wheel is constantly rolling, so synthetic acceleration signal will be defeated by treating apparatus 5 by the current-collector 4 that is installed on the vibration wheel.
The signal of the horizontal vibration motion of the lagging motion of the vibration that detected wheel and core wheel is carried out can determining after the suitable processing between the two time lag or phase differential.Method for processing signals has three kinds of schemes.
Scheme one is at first to determine the moment of two signal zero crossings in one-period, subtract each other the back and obtain a mistiming △ t, to can get an average mistiming △ t after mistiming the averaging processing that obtains in some cycles, it has promptly represented two phase difference between signals.
Fig. 4 a is the block diagram that carries out signal Processing as stated above, acceleration transducer (1) and (2) gained signal of tangentially being provided with in opposite directions along wheel in the plane A that crosses the roller center are sent to charge amplifier (8) amplification after synthesizing, the flat acceleration of simultaneous wheels edema with the heart involved (3) also amplifies through another charge amplifier (8).Data processing equipment is for earlier becoming square wave (9) with two sine wave shaped, simultaneously with second waveform oppositely (15), again with first waveform with must be just like Fig. 4 a(10) shown in pulsating wave (), its pulse width just is the time lag between two waveforms.Equalization is handled and then can be finished by microprocessor, also can be tried to achieve by integrating circuit.
Second kind of scheme is directly to ask at the phasing degree at oscillation frequency place by the ratio of imaginary part and real part by the Discrete Fourier Transform conversion after two signals carry out Digital Discreteizations, thereby determines the phase differential of two signals.
Fig. 4 b is the block diagram that carries out signal Processing by this kind method.DFT handles and is finished by processor (13), carries out the discretize of two passages earlier and handles, and makes DFT by two passages respectively after the sampling and calculates, and tries to achieve the phasing degree that first-harmonic (oscillation frequency) is located, and the difference of two-phase parallactic angle is the △ θ for requiring just.
The third scheme is that two signals are done to carry out the processing of cross correlation function after the digital discretize, thereby asks for value time lag of two signals, and this lagged value has promptly been represented the phase differential between two signals.
Fig. 4 c is the block diagram that this kind method is carried out signal Processing.Carry out cross correlation process by 14 pairs two signals of processor, ask mistiming of cross-correlation coefficient maximum to be phase differential between corresponding two waveforms.
The method that proposes according to the present invention is at soft picture glue, the test of being done on half compacting soil and the plank basis shows, on the elastic foundation of not trackslipping and having on the soil basis of necessarily trackslipping and having on the very big rigid foundation of trackslipping, the phase differential between shimmy acceleration and the core wheel horizontal acceleration numerically is the (see figure 5) that a great difference is arranged.
Fig. 6 is the test findings that obtains in the process of compacting soil according to method of the present invention.The increase phase differential of compacting counting is also constantly increasing and is trending towards steadily as can be seen from FIG..This curve is consistent with the curve that the soil packing of measuring with classic method increases with compacting counting.
Claims (8)
1, is used for rolling along its supporting basis with the drum one side, one side is carried out on the facility of compacting operation around the mode of its axle center oscillation exchange, and in compacting process, estimate the method for compaction, it is characterized in that: (1) experience drum around the lagging motion in axle center and core wheel along being parallel to the basis and perpendicular to the axial lagging motion of wheel, and determine the phase differential between this two motion; (2) this phase differential constantly increases with the increase of basis compaction degree, and is consistent with curve that compaction increases; (3) by will be under a certain compaction carve at a time or two motions determined at interval sometime between phase differential compare with reference value and estimate that the compaction on basis, this reference value are the phase differential of two definite motions in the interval at a time or sometime under another compaction or under the standard compaction.
2, according to claim 1, described method, it is characterized in that the lagging motion in drum axle axle center and core wheel along be parallel to the basis and perpendicular to the phase differential of the axial oscillating movement of wheel with between their acceleration or between the speed or the time lag between the displacement or phase differential represent.
3, according to right 1,2 described methods, it is characterized in that above-mentioned two the motion between phase differential represent with the difference in the moment of the zero crossing of the acceleration between them or speed or displacement, this mistiming by in one-period or the mean value that obtains in some cycles determine.Also available acceleration or speed or the displacement to them of this phase differential carried out fourier transform at interval in a period of time and handled directly to ask at the phasing degree at oscillation frequency place and determine, perhaps carries out cross correlation function and handles the time lag of asking between two signals and determine.
4, according to right 1,2 described methods, it is characterized in that being parallel to the basis and constantly increasing the compaction that estimates the basis until the curve of a stationary value with the increase of compacting counting, and above-mentioned curve is converted to the curve that packing increases with compacting counting by demarcation to this phase differential and basic packing funtcional relationship perpendicular to the phase differential between the axial oscillating movement of wheel with the lagging motion and the core wheel edge of drum around the axle center.
5,, it is characterized in that the slip level between basis that time lag between above-mentioned two motions or phase differential be used for also estimating that drum and its support according to right 3,4 described methods.
6, a kind of described method of claim 1 of utilizing, be used for rolling along the supporting basis with the drum one side, one side is carried out vehicle-mounted monitoring device on the facility of compacting operation around the shimmy mode of its axle center alternation, it is by Sensor section (1,2,3) and treating apparatus 16(comprise 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) and Displaying Meter 17 form, it is characterized in that sensor 1 and 2 experiences the lagging motion of drum around its axle center, sensor 3 experience core wheel along be parallel to the basis and perpendicular to the wheel axial moving, and convert them to electric signal, treating apparatus 16 is by 8,9,10,11,15 or 8,12,13 or 8,12,14, the amount of phase differential between two motions is represented in generation one, and this amount promptly is used for estimating the degree of compacting and shows on Displaying Meter 17.
7, device according to claim 7 is characterized in that sensor 1 and sensor 2 were installed in (see figure 1) in the plane A of drum wheel shaft, and with the position of core wheel symmetry on.Their base plane is consistent with plane A, and makes them in the shimmy a certain instantaneous tangential acceleration of experiencing of drum 5, and the equal and opposite in direction direction then or all is to point to base plane, perhaps all leaves base plane.Sensor 3 was installed in drum wheel shaft and the plane parallel with the basis, and the axis normal that makes it is in wheel shaft.
8, device according to claim 7 it is characterized in that the signal of sensor 1 and 2 being defeated by treating apparatus 16 again after synthetic earlier, and the signal of sensor 3 directly is defeated by treating apparatus 16.In treating apparatus 16,, adopt phase differential of determining between the two with door 10 then, utilize processor 11 averaging processing at last with two zero-crossing comparators zero crossing and sensor 3 cycle signal zero-cross point of detecting sensors 1 and 2 composite signal respectively.Also can adopt processor 13 or 14 in the future autobiography sensor 1 and 2 composite signal and after sampling, directly finish discrete fourier transform or cross correlation function from the signal of sensor 3 and handle with the phasing degree that obtains two signals and the time lag between difference or two signals thereof.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88108315 CN1014437B (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1988-11-29 | Densification measuring method and equipment on vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88108315 CN1014437B (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1988-11-29 | Densification measuring method and equipment on vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1042992A true CN1042992A (en) | 1990-06-13 |
| CN1014437B CN1014437B (en) | 1991-10-23 |
Family
ID=4835027
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88108315 Expired CN1014437B (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1988-11-29 | Densification measuring method and equipment on vehicle |
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| CN (1) | CN1014437B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100370250C (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2008-02-20 | 重庆交通学院 | Electric shock integrated imaging diagnosis method for compaction quality of soil-rock |
| CN103698556A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-02 | 北京同步科技有限公司 | Device and method for improving accuracy of acceleration sensors |
| CN104131500A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-11-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Detection method for compactness of granular ballast bed and using device |
| CN105780751A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-07-20 | 长安大学 | Method and device for real-time online detection of compactness |
| CN106812050A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-09 | 哈姆股份公司 | Method for drawing the compaction state of ground |
| CN107219300A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-29 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 | A kind of compactness detection on locomotive system based on the degree of correlation |
| CN110476070A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2019-11-19 | 西门子交通有限公司 | The measuring device and method of output measuring signal are generated using at least one acceleration transducer |
| CN114295862A (en) * | 2020-10-06 | 2022-04-08 | 哈姆股份公司 | Method for providing information about the compaction state of the ground while performing a compaction process with a soil compacting device |
-
1988
- 1988-11-29 CN CN 88108315 patent/CN1014437B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100370250C (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2008-02-20 | 重庆交通学院 | Electric shock integrated imaging diagnosis method for compaction quality of soil-rock |
| CN103698556A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-02 | 北京同步科技有限公司 | Device and method for improving accuracy of acceleration sensors |
| CN104131500A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-11-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Detection method for compactness of granular ballast bed and using device |
| CN104131500B (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-13 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of prose style free from parallelism ballast track bed compactness inspection method and application apparatus |
| CN106812050A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-09 | 哈姆股份公司 | Method for drawing the compaction state of ground |
| CN106812050B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2019-07-09 | 哈姆股份公司 | Method for obtaining the compaction state of ground |
| CN105780751A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-07-20 | 长安大学 | Method and device for real-time online detection of compactness |
| CN105780751B (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2017-11-10 | 长安大学 | A kind of compactness real-time on-line detecting method and device |
| CN110476070B (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2022-04-15 | 西门子交通有限公司 | Measuring device and method for generating an output measurement signal using at least one acceleration sensor |
| US11420661B2 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2022-08-23 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Measurement system and method for producing an output measurement signal comprising at least one acceleration sensor |
| CN110476070A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2019-11-19 | 西门子交通有限公司 | The measuring device and method of output measuring signal are generated using at least one acceleration transducer |
| CN107219300A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-29 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 | A kind of compactness detection on locomotive system based on the degree of correlation |
| CN107219300B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-09-03 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 | A kind of compactness detection on locomotive system based on the degree of correlation |
| CN114295862A (en) * | 2020-10-06 | 2022-04-08 | 哈姆股份公司 | Method for providing information about the compaction state of the ground while performing a compaction process with a soil compacting device |
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|---|---|
| CN1014437B (en) | 1991-10-23 |
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