CN104128106A - Novel swirl dispersing device - Google Patents
Novel swirl dispersing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104128106A CN104128106A CN201310156321.6A CN201310156321A CN104128106A CN 104128106 A CN104128106 A CN 104128106A CN 201310156321 A CN201310156321 A CN 201310156321A CN 104128106 A CN104128106 A CN 104128106A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel swirl dispersing device which mainly includes a rotating spray nozzle, a pump, a container and pipelines. Energy in transmission processes, which is not concerned up to now, are successfully applied in various reaction processes and mass and heat transmission processes intelligently. Rotation is generated by means of kinetic energy of system input or circulating materials and a pressure gradient is formed through a rapid change of a gas temperature or/and a volume change due to absorption. A tornado-like effect can be automatically induced in a gas phase and a swirl-like flow is forcedly formed in a liquid phase so that a mixing effect which is better than that generated from mechanical stirring and a circulator, thereby significantly increasing a mass and heat transmission efficiency in various processes. The novel swirl dispersing device is an important innovation of devices in process intensification, is simple and practical, is low in cost, is energy-saving and high-efficient, has a long effective distance, is good in the effects of mass and heat transmission and dispersion and separation, is wide in application and is strong in universality. The novel swirl dispersing device can solve uniform mass and heat transmission in a gas-phase system, a liquid-phase system, a gas-liquid system, a gas-solid system and a gas-liquid-solid system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cyclone technique and new device of significantly lifting process strengthening effect, belong to Chemical Engineering Technology and mechanized equipment field.
Background technology
Mass-and heat-transfer and reactive separation process in the systems such as gas phase, liquid phase, gas-liquid two-phase, gas-solid two-phase and gas-liquid-solid three-phase, adopt following several mixing or unpack format conventionally:
(1) continuous stir reactor formula reactor: be usually used in take liquid as continuous phase, gas or solid are decentralized photo, liquid liquid, gas-liquid, liquid-solid, gas-liquid-solid system mixing dispersion process.Device is mainly by the motor that produces power, the reductor of adjusting rotary speed, and transmission shaft and the various forms of paddles that promote mixing of materials form, and liquid can gradation or is added continuously, and gas passes into from container bottom conventionally, and solid from container portion adds.Paddle promotes whole system acting, and the most of kinetic energy that drives material to rotate has become contributes little circumferential movement to mixed effect, only has small part kinetic energy to become the radial and axial motion that effective promotion mixes.Device has been brought into play the effect that electric energy conversion is kinetic energy, but in running, there is kinetic energy rejection and the paddle that reductor slows down and the kinetic energy rejection that overcomes material resistance and wall friction, most of electric energy conversion has been become and to mixing, help little heat energy, and the available energy of non-mixed needs.Although mechanical agitation is modal mixing apparatus, has complicated structure, cost and operating cost are high, and capacity usage ratio is not high, and mixing and mass-and heat-transfer effect are also undesirable, often have the drawbacks such as material sinks to the bottom, and enlarge-effect is obvious, have much room for improvement.Pump is beaten the liquid liquid mixed mode of circulation, also exists mixed effect poor, and material difficulty mixes, cannot overcome the problems such as dead band, the easy precipitation of solid.
(2) tower reactor: fixed bed, fluid bed, bubbling bed and inner or outer circulation slurry state bed are the mass-and heat-transfer equipment of conventional gas-solid, gas-liquid or gas-liquid-solid system.Fixed bed be take solid as fixing phase, and gas or liquid reach the objects such as reaction, absorption, filtration mutually through fixing, but exist mass-transfer efficiency not high, the difficult problem of conducting heat; Fluid bed be take gas as continuous phase, and solid is decentralized photo, has higher mass transfer effect, but time of contact is limited; Inner or outer circulation slurry state bed is more suitable for gas-liquid or gas-liquid-solid system, than the heat transfer of bubbling bed, fixed bed and fluid bed, mass transfer, move heat and heat utilization level is high, it is the energy-efficient equipment that is worth exploitation, be best suited for maximization, serialization and automation, but because inner or outer circulation slurry state bed is owing to being that difference in specific gravity by γ-ray emission promotes Matter Transfer, so its mixing circulation effect is limited by the size of tolerance, the ratio of height to diameter of the distribution of gas, tower, effectively time of contact and mixed effect need to improve; It is high that tubular reactor has mass-and heat-transfer efficiency, can realize the advantage of serialization, is suitable for small lot batch manufacture, but use field and disposal ability are limited, easily occurs gas-liquid separation, and impact mixes contact effect, has to be optimized and improve.
(3) spraying disperses: be usually used in the mass-and heat-transfer processes such as spray concentration, dry, absorption, stack gas cleaning.Take gas as continuous phase, and liquid is decentralized photo, by material being pressed into shower nozzle pore, causes high velocity stream, and high velocity stream is centrifugal or encounter preposition helical structure and make further atomization.Traditional fog-spray nozzle is fixed, can not form liquid eddy flow, the eddy flow effect that passes into γ-ray emission is limited, liquid is under the effect of gravity and initial kinetic energy, at the bottom of falling into tower rapidly or adhere to tower wall, there is serious wall stream and wall sticking phenomenon, so gas-liquid contact time and limited opportunities, mass-and heat-transfer effect need to promote.Adopt at present the equipment of larger diameter and height to guarantee its effect, therefore, equipment size is bigger than normal, and disposal ability is little, and dust is carried the problems such as serious secretly.
(4) cooling heat transferring: the optimised form of heat exchange is material direct contact heat transfer, and heat transfer effect is limited by contact area and time of contact, spraying bed, Bed are the optimised forms of direct contact heat transfer, but time of contact and heat exchange efficiency have much room for improvement; The slurry state bed of internal or external heat exchanger is the more satisfactory heat transfer reaction unit of indirect contact heat exchanger, but is limited by liquid film heat transmission resistance.Therefore, aspect increase and enhancing mass and heat transfer, still having room for improvement.
(5) cyclonic separation: conventional cyclonic unit is carried out cyclone dust removal, spinning liquid is separated, because rely on completely into the initial kinetic energy of tower fluid, need higher rate of flow of fluid, through inlet tube, tangentially enter cylindrical shell and produce and rotatablely move, by centrifugal force and difference in specific gravity, can, by dust or/and drop is thrown to wall, realize gas-liquid or gas-solid initial gross separation.Therefore can only form local eddy flow, flow velocity loss is large, and capacity usage ratio is lower, and the intensity of centrifugation and being limited in scope, and treatment effect has to be hoisted.
(6) physics dedusting: dust removal with machine, electric precipitation, dust removal by filtration, cleaning dust etc. are current several frequently seen dedusting methods.Dust removal with machine relies on mechanical force that grit is removed from air-flow, and it is simple in structure, and installation cost and running cost are all lower, but efficiency of dust collection is not high.Electrostatic precipitation is to utilize electrostatic attraction separated grit from mass air flow, and feature is that gas-flow resistance is little, and efficiency of dust collection can reach more than 99%, but invests highly, and equipment size is large, and heat loss is large, waste heat recovery difficulty.Filter collector is to make dust-contained airflow trap grit by filtrate, efficiency of dust collection is generally 90%～99%, but be not suitable for the dusty gas that temperature is high, above-mentioned several dedusting methods need to carry out independent desulfurization again, in collection and transfer process, also exist secondary dust to pollute.
Water washing dust-removal and desulfurizing is the stack gas cleaning mode the most often adopting, it is that mode by spray diluted alkaline water makes the pollutants such as grit, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and drop or liquid film aloft or filling surface fully contacts and is captured, efficiency of dust collection is 80%～95%, can remove the pernicious gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide simultaneously, but due to large-minded, the water yield is little, poor dispersion, time of contact is short, phase Contact effect is undesirable, still has that clean-up effect is poor, energy consumption and a higher problem of disposal cost.Even if meet discharging standards, be in fact also the pollution sources that cause acid rain and haze.Therefore utilize more advanced process intensification principle to develop energy-efficient equipment for economizing on resources and the energy, reduce environmental pollution, promote manufacturing industry equipment, the investment and the operating cost that greatly reduce exhaust-gas treatment are all significant.
Summary of the invention
To be that atmosphere is local meet the cold volume contraction causing and ambient atmosphere supplementary fast on a large scale to natural cyclone, the large cyclonic current phenomenon forming, the air pressure at its center is lower more than 10 than periphery, about tens meters of its diameter, and gas speed is tens meters to 200 meters.Power and lift that cyclone eddy flow produces, can carry a large amount of solids and effective dispersing liquid secretly, has splendid promotion heterogeneous contact, the effect of enhancing mass and heat transfer.This strong cyclone principle of cyclone could be applied to the exploitation of energy-efficient equipment, solve better the mass-and heat-transfer problem of various practical systems, this is the new thought that is worth further investigation and Devoting Major Efforts To Developing.
Generally, ducted gas flow rate is generally 6～8m/s, and the gas flow rate in vertical pipe is generally greater than 10m/s.Gas, in absorption or cooling procedure, can produce significant volume contraction, forms negative pressure, and under negative pressure state, the flow velocity of gas generally can reach 10～20m/s.Compressed gas is as the gas flow scooter 25～60m/s of steam, and the egress rate of compressor can reach 10～30m/s.Temperature is the flue gas of 160 ℃～180 ℃, in washing desulfurization dust removal process, temperature can decline more than 100 degrees Celsius, volume at least shrinks more than 20 percent, therefore the local malleation of physical presence or negative pressure in many systems, possessed the pressure reduction of itself and the primary condition of lasting fluid replacement, in gas phase, may form the strong cyclone of similar cyclone completely, in liquid phase, can produce strong eddy flow.If rationally utilize potential energy and the available energy of system, induction produces strong cyclone or the liquid eddy flow of similar cyclone, may crack a process intensification difficult problem for mass-and heat-transfer inequality in reactive separation process.
The present invention uses spiral board or tangential feed mode, guiding material gas (as hot flue gases etc.) along horizontal tangent direction rotation spiral, form the first gas cyclone; Utilize the reaction force producing when circulation fluid sprays from nozzle that pumps that has applied kinetic energy to promote the rotation of flap nozzle downstream direction simultaneously, atomization swivel nozzle can be converted into the potential energy that pumps circulation fluid acquisition the kinetic energy of promotion nozzle and logistics rotation and promote the further surface energy of dispersion of drop, appends the second eddy flow motive force; Increase the chance of gas-liquid contact, the rotating liquid mist of low discharge, can realize fast cooling or the GAS ABSORPTION of system simultaneously, makes volume rapid drawdown form negative pressure, produces the third eddy flow motive force.The kinetic energy of gas self, the available energy of self that the kinetic energy that liquid in rotation produces and volume contraction produce make a concerted effort to impel fluid more by force, the directed swirling motion that faster, sphere of action is larger, can produce the quick eddy flow effect of similar cyclone, and rise along tower body rapid spiral, from the integral body direction that moves upward, change into spiral motion, rotary nozzle has played the spout eye of wind effect that forms negative pressure, promotes eddy flow, the Conversion of Energy that can make better system is effective energy, strengthening process mixes, and improves effect.In addition, the rotation of compressed gas also can produce cyclone effect even without cooling or absorption process.
When the diameter of equipment is less than eddy flow cyclone diameter, can produce strong centrifugal spinning liquid effect, can effectively remove liquid, dedusting, be applicable to the tail gas clean-ups such as flue gas.Because, cooling rapidly when the high-temperature flue gas that eddy flow enters meets with water smoke, produce the spout eye of wind, the dust of wherein carrying secretly, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide etc. under self power and revolving force promote, have multimachine more can be suspended in system in atomization the abundant haptoreaction of weak base water or be hunted down, moist environment and weakly alkaline water smoke can significantly be eliminated system static, strengthen and catch and sedimentation dust and pernicious gas effect.The gas-liquid eddy flow of rapid movement accelerates and has promoted heavy dust, liquid towards wall enrichment, can significantly strengthen demist dust removing effects, greatly reduces and carries secretly.In addition, the flue gas that is rich in water vapour can be cooled to secondary water smoke in rotation and cooling procedure, also can assist dust suction effectively separated with quilt.The revolving sprayer unit and can further guarantee effect of multitower series connection, multiposition and above-below direction reasonable disposition.Other have obvious volume contraction or significantly pressure reduction, can form periphery and than center, press the system of high and sustainable large flow make-up gas, also can induce formation radially or axial on a large scale, long distance-like is like the strong eddy flow of cyclone; If be the pressure that the pressure of rotary nozzle ejection liquid is greater than periphery material in solution.
When the diameter of equipment is greater than eddy flow cyclone diameter, effective management and control material, prevents wall stream and glues wall, significantly strengthens that spraying is dry, concentrated, the mass-and heat-transfer effect of the process such as UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN and haptoreaction.
When rotary nozzle is inserted in liquid phase, the gas of ejection or the reaction force of liquid or gas-liquid mixed deposits yields make movable spray head automatic rotation, suitable rotating speed can regulate by flow, pressure, injection barrel hole size orientation, this by energy that in material with pressure self potential energy or transmittance process, pump applies by rotary nozzle can effectively change into kinetic energy and surface can, available energy is fully used.By system input or recycle stock self kinetic energy, in liquid phase, carry out the direct mixed mode of material, can force equally to form the eddy flow as whirlpool, better than mechanical agitation mixed effect.Rotary nozzle plays in rotary-jet process the effect that source occurs eddy flow.The feeding manner adopt spraying can effectively avoid the temperature of system and density unevenness and solid material to sink to the bottom, and the flexible arrangement mode of a pump bull and multidigit can realize best mass transfer effect.In addition, on Matter Transfer pipeline, can increase as required heat exchanger, because flow rate of liquid faster can reduce liquid-film resistance, significantly improve heat transfer effect.Utilize material directly to feed in raw material by rotary nozzle and material directly to mix be that the present invention is different from the churned mechanically maximum feature of tradition.
The present invention is a kind of New-type Swirl Flow dispersal device, as shown in Figure 1, it is mainly by container (1), rotary nozzle (2), pipeline (3), pump (4) forms, and it is characterized in that: rotary nozzle (2) is placed in container (1), and rotary nozzle (2) is connected by pipeline (3) with pump (4).Wherein, container (1) can be the containers such as still, tower, tank, pipe, interior circulation gas-lifting type tower, for different systems and different requirement, can select different vessels, all in container (1) any position pack mixing that rotary nozzle or shower nozzle (2) carry out into or/and reaction or/and technology and the device of the various process intensifications such as separated all belong to this patent claim scope; Rotary nozzle (2) can be bullet-headed, olive shape, circle, square, long column shape, transverse tube shape and with compound shape of little blade stirring etc., the version that is applicable to multiple system, container and reaction mass, can be in a plurality of positions, many groups install, gas phase can be placed in or/and liquid phase, during use, preferred upper end is fixed, lower end rotation, for different systems, needing can be to meet rotating speed, to disperse requirement with mixing without blade or little blade.
This New-type Swirl Flow dispersal device is characterised in that:
1), the nozzle of rotary nozzle (2), spray-hole does not limit to a number or amount, but perforated area summation is no more than the cross-sectional area of pipe in principle; Injection direction can be arbitrarily angled, and spray pattern can be pore spraying, atomizer, little liquid stream sprays or its combination, can rationally determine spray angle according to the specific requirement of rotary speed and system.
2), pumping flow, pressure and the shower nozzle rotating speed of material can be according to the amount flexible modulation of the size of equipment and material; Shower nozzle rotating speed can be selected not turn as required, the rotation of High Rotation Speed or middling speed, and the rotating speed of mixed effect the best is 30～300 revs/min; Even if there is the shower nozzle at inclination angle not rotate, also can make system rotation, there is equally good mass transfer effect; If material itself just has pressure can save pump circulation pressurization means, directly make it from tangential direction or/and shower nozzle rotates into system.
3), this device for gas-liquid or/and during gas-solid system, gas, or/and liquid enters the mode of container (3) can be to select the direct charging of tangent line, preferably dwindles feed gap dimension or/and install eddy flow baffle plate additional or/and by the mode of the multiple favourable material eddy flows such as rotary nozzle charging.
4), this device can be built-in by increasing, external jacket for heat exchange device or directly or tangent line or rotary nozzle pass into that steam etc. is multiple moves heat or to hot mode equilibrium temperature, move the preferably direct evaporation mode of heat, preferably directly pass into steam mode to heat, on indirect heat exchange preferred cycle pipeline, increase heat exchanger.
5), eddy flow dispersal device have simple in structure, general strong, can be widely used in relating in gas phase, liquid phase, gas-liquid, gas-solid two-phase and gas-liquid-solid three-phase system mix or/and reaction or/and in the various devices of the process intensification such as separated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is eddy flow dispersal device rough schematic.Container (1), rotary nozzle (2), pipeline (3), pump (4).
Fig. 2 is gas phase cyclone swirl-flow devices rough schematic (gas tangent line or deflector form an eddy flow).
Fig. 3 is rotation transverse tube shape shower nozzle schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the bullet-shaped shower nozzle schematic diagram of gyrator.
Fig. 5 is rotation three hole fluid jet nozzle schematic diagrames.
Fig. 6 is simple gas spin current device schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is embodiment 1～2, heat-transfer effect comparison diagram in 300mm spray tower, and gas cyclone (1), gas is eddy flow (2) not.
Fig. 8 is embodiment 1～2, mass transfer effect comparison diagram in 300mm spray tower, and gas has not eddy flow (2) of eddy flow (1), gas.
Fig. 9 is embodiment 3～4, and mixing effect comparison diagram under rotary nozzle different condition in 500L container does not rotate (1), medium rotary speed (2), fast rotational (3), do not rotate without bottom nozzle (4).
Figure 10 is embodiment 3～4, stirring efficiency comparison diagram under preferred bullet-headed shower nozzle different flow rotating speed feeding manner.
Figure 11 is embodiment 3～4, stirring efficiency comparison diagram under preferred three hole fluid jet nozzle different rotating speeds.
Figure 12 is embodiment 3～4, the stirring efficiency comparison diagram of preferred rotary nozzle.
In Fig. 9-12, preferred sub warhead and first two rotary nozzle of two ends, wherein:
1-sub warhead, bottom rate is little, and rotating speed is fast, and outside charging only adds the aqueous solution of 200gNaCl, and electric conductivity value is less, and value is jumped large, and value is extremely difficult for stable, and equilibration time is longer.
2-sub warhead, bottom rate is little, and rotating speed is fast, and outside charging on the basis of the aqueous solution that adds 200gNaCl, then adds the aqueous solution of 200gNaCl, and electric conductivity value is larger, and equilibration time is shorter.
3-sub warhead, bottom rate is large, and shower nozzle maintains static, outside charging, the NaCl addition with 2.
4-sub warhead, bottom rate is large, and rotating speed is fast, outside charging, the NaCl addition with 2.
5-sub warhead, bottom rate is little, and rotating speed is fast, inner charging, the NaCl addition with 2.
6-sub warhead, bottom rate is large, and rotating speed is fast, inner charging, the NaCl addition with 2.
7-sub warhead, bottom rate is large, and shower nozzle rotating speed is slow (120 revs/min), inner charging, the NaCl addition with 2.
8-two ends, bottom rate is little, shower nozzle rotating speed slow (60 revs/min), inner charging, the NaCl addition with 2.
9-two ends, bottom rate is little, and rotating speed is fast, outside charging, the NaCl addition with 2.
10-two ends, bottom rate is little, and rotating speed is slow, outside charging, the NaCl addition with 2.
11-mechanical agitation.
Figure 13 is embodiment 5～8, and the cold phosphorus dedusting of yellow phosphoric tail gas defluorinate workshop section schematic flow sheet, is subject to phosphorus tower (4) at cold phosphorus tower tower 1 (1), cold phosphorus tower tower 2 (2), cold phosphorus tower tower 3 (3).
Figure 14 is embodiment 5～8, purifying exhausting gas of yellow phosphorus workshop section schematic flow sheet, purifying column tower 1 (1), purifying column tower 2 (2), purifying column tower 3 (3).
Figure 15 is embodiment 5～8, cold phosphorus tower schematic diagram after yellow phosphoric tail gas processing increase baffle plate and shower nozzle, eddy flow baffle plate (1), rotary nozzle (2).
Figure 16 is embodiment 5～8, different spray positions and spray combination cooling effect contrast figure, top spray (1), all shower nozzles spray (2), bottom and middle part spray (3), bottom spray (4), middle part spray (5), top and original two groups of shower nozzles sprays (6).
Figure 17 is that yellow phosphoric tail gas is processed each tower defluorination effect figure.
Figure 18 is revolve-circulation reaction and rectification device.
The specific embodiment
Following examples can absolutely prove the process intensification effect of the present invention to mass transfer, heat transfer and reaction, comprise the improved practical application effect evaluation of purifier of representational yellow phosphoric tail gas in the effect assessment of simple experiment device, amplification test device and flue gas, though can not represent content of the present invention and effect completely, also can absolutely prove advance of the present invention, practicality and economy.
One, the effect assessment of simple experiment device
Gas cyclone whether heat-transfer effect comparison in embodiment 1 spray tower
At diameter 300mm, in the tower of height 1000mm, with flow, be that 200L/h, the hot water of 61 ℃ spray from top of tower, 60m
3/ h air is from the movable wireway two ends rightabout ejection of tower bottom, and the reaction force of gas causes jet thrust rotation, forms gas cyclone, and simple and easy swirl-flow devices refers to Fig. 6.
With the hot water of same temperature, from tower top atomizing spray, by collecting the difference variation of liquid at the bottom of tower top and tower, can judge that the vaporization of atomized water drop surface enters the trend size of gas phase, assessment heat-transfer effect.
As shown in Figure 7, temperature downward trend in gaseous mixture eddy flow situation is obviously greater than acylic motion situation, in same 5min circulated sprinkling situation, gas not in the experimental system of eddy flow hot water temperature drop to 48 ℃ from 61 ℃, the hot water temperature of the experimental system of gas cyclone drops to 42 ℃ from 62 ℃; When both drop to 40 ℃ simultaneously, the gas not experimental system of eddy flow needs 8min, and the experimental system of gas cyclone only needs 6.5min.Proof gas cyclone also has obvious lifting effect for the gas-liquid heat-transfer under Convection states.
The mass transfer effect comparison of gas cyclone in embodiment 2 spray towers
At diameter 300mm, in the tower of height 1000mm, use 0.1% concentration, the NaOH solution that flow is 200L/h sprays from top of tower, CO
2(2%)～air Mixture is from the movable wireway two ends rightabout ejection of tower bottom, and the reaction force of gas causes jet thrust rotation, forms gas cyclone, and simple and easy swirl-flow devices refers to Fig. 6.
With the NaOH solution of the identical initial electric conductivity value of same concentration, from tower top atomizing spray, by collecting the electric conductivity value of liquid at the bottom of measurement tower, change, according to there being not eddy flow CO of gas cyclone and gas
2(2%) electric conductivity value of～air Mixture and alkali reaction changes, can judge gas cyclone whether the mass transfer in liquid film controlled situation promote effect.
As shown in Figure 8, the electric conductivity value downward trend in gaseous mixture eddy flow situation is obviously faster than the gas situation of eddy flow not.In tolerance, be 40m
3during/h, the gas not electricity of eddy flow is led stationary value 4.95, and the electricity after gas cyclone is led stationary value 4.84; In tolerance, be 100m
3during/h, the gas not electricity of rotational flow generator is led stationary value 4.63, and the electricity in gas cyclone situation is led stationary value 4.52.
Embodiment 3 whipping performance effect assessments
At diameter 1500mm, in the container of height 1000mm, pack clear water 500L into, rotary nozzle is connected and is placed in solution with delivery side of pump pipe, pump intake piping is placed in solution, can carry out Matter Transfer, by regulating pressure and the flow of pump can change rotating speed and rotary nozzle jet length, optimize mixed effect.Contrast experiment's machine mixer is contained in container top, and three leaf rotary propeller type paddles are placed in the same position of solution by shaft.
By in same volume ponding from top or shower nozzle inside add identical solubility NaCl solution, measure electric conductivity value variation tendency and the equilibration time of arbitrfary point, can judge well mixed effect in various contrast situations.
With mechanical agitation and the pump of equal-wattage, in the container of same volume, with different shower nozzle (bullet-headed shower nozzle and three hole streams are penetrated shower nozzle), rotating speed, feeding manner, base injcction with do not spray, carry out experimental result as shown in Fig. 9～12.Can see that the mixed effect that exit flow spray strengthens spray flux from charging in spray head under suitable rotating speed is better than mechanical agitation far away, the spraying effect of other patterns has original performance simultaneously, no matter being that top is reinforced and inside is reinforced can approach equilibrium valve very soon, and mechanical agitation undulating value very large (having darker whirlpool), this mixed effect causing with its circumferential movement is not high relevant.And spray mixed flow, mix, surperficial whirlpool is not obvious, illustrates that its energy is transformed into radial and axial motion more, is more conducive to effective mixing of material.
The radius of spray evaluation of rotary nozzle in embodiment 4 different mediums
Preferred shower nozzle, as shown in Fig. 3～5, edge hole diameter is 1.5mm, the aperture gross area is about 37.5mm
2, the aperture area of bottom nozzle is 25mm
2, nozzle pipeline has 3, elbow, and shower nozzle distance from bottom ground 400mm keeps pump power and inner bucket water position 500mm constant, sprays respectively at air with in water, measures its radius of spray.
Measurement result is as shown in table 1, and under 1.3 kilograms of pressure, in air, radius of spray is 175cm, and in water, radius of spray is 60cm; Under 1.1 kilograms of pressure, in air, radius of spray is 163.5cm, and in water, radius of spray is 50cm; Under 0.3 kilogram of pressure, in air, radius of spray is 112cm, and in water, radius of spray is 35cm.Can be used as the reference that is uniformly mixed design, according to radius of spray and flow, can determine rational pressure.
The radius of spray of rotary nozzle in table 1 different medium
| Pressure | Radius of spray in air (cm) | Radius of spray in water (cm) |
| 1.3 kilograms of pressure | 175 | 60 |
| 1.1 kilograms of pressure | 163.5 | 50 |
| 0.3 kilogram of pressure | 112 | 35 |
Therefore, further optimize pressure and flow, the mixed effect of rotary nozzle can also show better.
Two, tail gas clean-up equipment renovation evaluation
The concrete technical scheme of the present embodiment is: in original dust collect unit by water, cancel the auxiliary packings such as numb stone, utilize original equipment to take the pattern of one or more spray tower series connection to carry out dust-removal and desulfurizing.In waste gas inlet, place sets up the arc deflector matching with treating column radian, guiding flue gas tangentially enters desulfurization and washes tower, can one or more swivel nozzles be installed at each section of gas wash tower bottom, middle part, top (or every 3-5m) with requiring as the case may be, doctor solution sprays by nozzle, (at pressure, be 5 kilograms, flow is 3m to the recoil strength automatic rotation producing when nozzle relies on water spray
3in the situation of/h, more than turning scooter 300r/min).Although mounting guiding board makes gas vent cross section dwindle 20%～80%, after flue gas import, the negative pressure of cooling formation can increase gas flow rate rapidly, actual conditions also prove that eddy flow deflector is rationally set can not cause air-flow not smooth, and the installation of eddy flow deflector as shown in figure 15.
Liquid directly clashes into tower wall under the High Rotation Speed effect of shower nozzle, form water smoke, high-temperature gas volume shrinks rapidly formation negative pressure, constantly a large amount of supplementary γ-ray emissions similar spout eye of wind eddy flow center, supplementary air-flow constantly promotes gas along horizontal tangent direction spiral, changed the original direction vertically upward of air-flow, the water smoke spraying can catch entrained solid and pernicious gas impurity fully, and under the effect of rotary centrifugal force, the gas-liquid eddy flow of rapid movement accelerates and has promoted heavy dust, liquid is towards wall enrichment, can significantly strengthen demist dust removing effects.Fully the water of atomization can be suspended in the gas of quick eddy flow the long period, can significantly improve cooling and heat transfer effect.
Reaction, spraying is dry, concentrated and the various systems such as absorption in, can utilize equally above-mentioned principle, design as required energy-efficient equipment, significantly improve the mass-and heat-transfer effect of reaction and separation process.
The practical application effect evaluation of embodiment 5 purifying exhausting gas of yellow phosphorus
Phosphorus production mainly comprises ingredient station, reaction workshop section, Leng Lin workshop section, tail gas clean-up workshop section and yellow phosphorus-refined workshop section.Wherein, Leng Lin workshop section (as shown in figure 13) is generally by three cold phosphorus towers (1-3) series connection, and cold phosphorus water sprays cold phosphorus from tower top, and the yellow phosphorus of condensation flows directly into bottom and is subject in phosphorus groove.Reaction furnace gas temperature after first cold phosphorus tower drops to 65 ℃ of left and right from 140～150 ℃, and after the second tower, temperature drops to 45 ℃ of left and right from 65 ℃, through the 3rd tower temperature, from 45 ℃, drops to 30 ℃ of left and right.Tail gas clean-up workshop section (as shown in figure 14) is generally also comprised of the scrubbing tower (1～3) of three series connection, can utilize water/chemical reagent to carry out spray washing purification to tail gas.
Entering tower flow rate is 3200Nm
3/ h, temperature is about 140 ℃, 2 meters of tower diameters, 14 meters of tower heights, are equipped with deflector in tower spirit body porch, and opening section amasss as 70% of gas pipeline sectional area, and 1 6m is housed at the bottom of tower
3the swivel nozzle of/h flow, is directed upwardly; 2 3m are equipped with at tower middle part
3the swivel nozzle of/h flow, upward, one is down for one, direction; Tower top is equipped with 1 3m
3/ h swivel nozzle, direction down.
By within continuous 10 days, analyzing dust content, phosphorus content, variations in temperature and the desulfurized effect of tower top, lower or substantially constant in the situation that at fluid flow, eddy flow tower can significantly improve and purify and cooling-down effect, particularly remarkable to the removal effect of dust, and concrete analysis the results are shown in embodiment 6-9.
Embodiment 6 yellow phosphoric tail gas dust removing effects are evaluated
The main component of yellow phosphorus by-product tail gas is carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen phosphide and silicon fluoride etc.Every 4t, 140 ℃ of yellow phosphoric tail gas can be taken 1t yellow phosphorus steam out of, also carry a large amount of calcium oxide, silica dust secretly.This system is the complex system of gas-liquid-solid three-phase, investigates eddy flow tower more representative to its clean-up effect.The result of 10 days Continuous Tracking and field monitoring PM2.5 and PM10 shows, the eddy flow tower after improvement, and particularly the dust removing effects of tower 1 is remarkable, the tail gas after tower 1 is processed, PM10 is at 1mg/m
3(content of PM2.5 accounts for half of PM10, shows more little more difficult the removing of particle diameter) below, the PM10 data after the de-dirt of other towers reduce half approximately again, and its removal effect, far away from tower 1, fully proves that the dust removing effects of the tower 1 that eddy flow effect is strong is obvious.Only the dust removing effects of tower 1 allows discharge standard far below the highest dust of country.Tail gas after purification is after gas fired-boiler burning, and the PMi0 of the gas of its discharge is also only at 1mg/m
3left and right, relatively stable.Meanwhile, it is very large that the PM10 environmental data of environmental monitoring is rung by temperature, wind, rain shadow, sometimes higher than or sometimes lower than measured value.
Embodiment 7 yellow phosphoric tail gas are washed phosphorus effect assessment
This installs yellow phosphorus production capacity per hour is 1.2t, produces 4000Nm
3yellow phosphoric tail gas, phosphorus steam is met the phosphorus of cold water liquefy, is subject to phosphorus groove at the bottom of being flushed to tower by water.The amount that phosphide is carried at tower 1 top secretly repeatedly measurement result lower than 1g/m
3, so the yellow phosphorus amount that tower 1 top tail gas is taken out of mostly is 1g/m most
3left and right, so drag-out per hour is only 4kg, being greater than as seen 99.6% yellow phosphorus can fully be collected in first eddy flow tower.Dephosphorization effect has also proved the efficient except fluidity energy of eddy flow tower from the side.
The cooling-down effect evaluation of embodiment 8 yellow phosphoric tail gas different spray position and spray combination
Gas temperature is 140 ℃, flow 50Nm per minute
3above yellow phosphoric tail gas is in tower 1 simultaneously or at the bottom of using tower separately, in tower or tower top nozzle, with liquid-gas ratio, be that 1/1000～2/1000 spray liquid is rotated in the situation of spray, the temperature of tower 1 bottom can be cooled to rapidly 55 ℃ of left and right, tower 1 head temperature can be lowered to 40 ℃ of left and right, by the temperature after tower 2, tower 3, tower 4, only decline 10 ℃, drop to 30 ℃ of left and right.Visible, cooling and UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN are mainly in the most violent tower 1 bottom of tower 1, particularly eddy flow, and temperature can 85 ℃ of left and right of rapid drawdown, to tower top, can fall 15 ℃ of left and right again.Further experiment shows, only uses 6m
3independent use bottom or the middle part nozzle of/h liquid measure, just have good cooling-down effect, particularly uses separately the best results of middle part nozzle.Therefore, in the appropriate location, top of flue gas import, install lower swirl nozzle, only need spouting liquid best results seldom, large flow and multi-jet heat transfer effect differ and obtain surely best cooling-down effect.Variations in temperature data under different installation sites and spray combination can be referring to Figure 16.Because the size of cooling extent can reaction liquid the abundant troubled water of dispersion, eddy flow and gas-liquid, this has illustrated that gas whirling device induced the eddy flow of gas, and swivel nozzle produce water smoke can effective cooling yellow phosphorus steam and evaporative cooling rapidly, produce cooling and the suction function of the similar spout eye of wind.This result can be generalized to the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN processes such as stack gas cleaning, chemical industry absorption, condensation, reaction and evaporation and concentration that larger volume changes.
Embodiment 9 yellow phosphoric tail gas defluorination effects are evaluated
Because rock phosphate in powder mainly exists with the form of fluorapatite, in being reduced into the process of yellow phosphorus, fluorine is taken out of with yellow phosphoric tail gas with ocratation or hydrofluoric form, and Fluoride Factors in Tail Gas content is up to 0.5～2g/m
3.Silicon fluoride hydrolyzable, but existing equipment fails to make well silicon fluoride hydrolysis, causes whole air duct to stop up, and as fuel gas, can cause fouling and the corrosion of boiler, causes the poisoning and surface coverage of catalyst and inactivation as unstripped gas.Therefore, gas is removed another key that fluoride is yellow phosphoric tail gas resource in about the 2 minutes time of staying in tower as far as possible.Utilize silicon fluoride to react with water to generate hydrogen fluoride, the hydrogen fluoride of generation can with solution in calcium salt generate the calcirm-fluoride that is insoluble in water, washed into being subject to phosphorus groove, thereby removed most fluorides.Eddy flow tower can keep gas-liquid fully to contact and higher reaction temperatures as high efficiency reactor, promotes the water vapour of high-temperature flue gas and atomization fully to react at short notice effective defluorinate.10 days Continuous Tracking and field monitoring result show that defluorination effect is splendid, and data are as follows:
Average fluorinated volume is 1g/m
3the yellow phosphoric tail gas of left and right, the tail gas of 140 ℃ of left and right fully reacts the fluorine that can remove more than 50% by effective contact and the eddy flow of tower 1, and by tower 2, after the further defluorinate of tower 7, the content of fluorine can falling tone 30mg/m
3left and right, the removal efficiency of fluorine is greater than 97%, and each tower defluorination effect is as shown in figure 17.Illustrate that eddy flow tower is also an efficient gas-liquid reactor.
Three, flue gas desulfurization effect assessment
In order further to verify the effect of eddy flow dispersal device, we have carried out sulfur dioxide removal effect assessment in coal-burning boiler in addition.
Embodiment 10 coal-burning boiler flue gas desulfurization effect assessments
In the coal-burning boiler of 4t, carried out double alkali method desulfurizing experiment.Correlated condition and result are as follows:
Flue-gas flow rate 55000Nm
3/ h, 180 ℃ of flue-gas temperatures, import SO
2concentration is 2000mg/Nm
3.Tower diameter 1.2m, tower height 9m, liquid-gas ratio is 2/1000, doctor solution is the mixed liquor of the NaOH of saturated limewater and 1%.Before transformation, desulfuration efficiency is 90%, and outlet sulfur content is at 200mg/Nm
3, after transformation, desulfurization degree is in 95% left and right, and outlet sulfur content is less than 100mg/Nm
3.Illustrate that eddy flow tower also can effectively improve desulfuration efficiency.
Four, the effect evaluation of improved circulation-type high-efficiency reaction equipment
Phosphorus trichloride is taked batch production pattern conventionally, take first chlorination to generate after most of phosphorus trichloride, pass into again the Batch Process mode that remaining chlorine steams qualified phosphorus trichloride simultaneously, phosphorus trichloride reaction liberated heat more than 90% is removed from tower top by evaporation phosphorus trichloride, because mass-and heat-transfer efficiency in reactor is poor, chlorine easily reaction is incomplete, exist yellow phosphorus to carry secretly, excessive chlorine generation phosphorus pentachloride etc. affects the problem of product quality, for guaranteeing to move thermal effect and product quality, have to take to control logical chlorine speed, intermittently logical chlorine and extraction, the poor efficiency mode of production that large reflux ratio refluxes, although install huge, washing phosphorus tower directly reaches 1200mm, but single cover production capacity all only has 10000 tons/year of left and right, the expansion energy pattern that always adopts many covers to repeat, fluctuation is large, control difficulty is large, the potential safety hazards such as evaporating, emitting, dripping or leaking of liquid or gas are more.
Interior circulation type slurry reactor tower is a kind of comparatively desirable chlorination reaction equipment, and the circulation of its large ratio of height to diameter, effective gas-liquid can significantly increase gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency.But find, by slurry reactor tower with wash the pilot plant test result that phosphorus tower combines and show, though new equipment can be realized serialization, produce, production capacity promotes limited.Improve after logical chlorine speed, the phosphorus pentachloride content in product can significantly increase, therefore, single use slurry reactor tower and wash the mode of the simple equipment combination that phosphorus tower combines also undesirable.For this reason, we have made the mode of the upwards logical chlorine in bottom in guide shell from the logical chlorine mode of guide shell bottom, reaction tower outer tangent line horizontal direction into, also make the condensation cycle liquid tangent line on same level is equidirectional pumping into enter guide shell outside simultaneously, the kinetic energy that sprays into the gas-liquid in reaction tower outside circulation region can produce strong eddy flow, thisly along the spiralling gas-liquid material of eddy flow outside guide shell, arrive behind guide shell top, part phosphorus trichloride vaporization and condensation refluxes and extraction, all the other liquid materials continue along the outside circulation recycle stock pattern being back in guide shell at the bottom of tower, can greatly strengthen gas dispersion and gas-liquid mixed, significantly increase effective touch opportunity and the time of staying, can more effectively impel chlorine complete reaction in liquid and gas, the phosphorus trichloride gas that minimizing raw material and accessory substance are vaporized is in a large number carried secretly, by washing the phosphorus trichloride of phosphorus tower packing section backflow, it constantly can be taken back to system, better guarantee the quality (referring to Figure 18) of extraction phosphorus trichloride.
Embodiment 11 Novel rotaries-circulation flow reactor is applied to the pilot scale checking of phosphorus trichloride
In order to verify the present invention, utilize enterprise original in chlorine phosphorus supply device and public engineer system, in the revolve～circulation-chlorination～rectifying column that is 300mm at diameter and relevant equipment thereof, carried out the checking of industrial test.
By the device of Figure 18, carry out the serialization pilot scale checking of phosphorus trichloride.Order is as follows: 1. melt phosphorus, be ready to liquid chlorine vaporization, then add 350 liters of phosphorus trichlorides (being roughly equal to 550 kilograms) as mother liquor, then phosphorus trichloride is heated to more than 40 ℃, 2. in tower, add 30 kilograms, end phosphorus, then temperature rising reflux, until overhead reflux condensate liquid clear, 3. open chlorine liquid carburetor, liquid chlorine cylinder starts to carry out liquid chlorine vaporization, when surge tank pressure reaches 0.05MPa, beginning passes into chlorine with the speed of 60 kilograms per hour in tower, simultaneously, by the flow set of yellow phosphorus, be the speed of 9 kilograms per hour, add continuously in tower, there is violent exothermic reaction in the yellow phosphorus in chlorine and phosphorus trichloride, reaction heat steams phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus trichloride steam enters overhead condenser, after condensation, major part is back in tower, remainder gathers as phosphorus trichloride finished product, install stable after, progressively improve logical chlorine and the speed that phosphorates simultaneously, when logical chlorine speed reaches 100 kilograms of left and right per hour, heat exchange circulating pump in the middle of opening, tower side heat exchanger, reaction heat is removed from tower reduce phosphorus trichloride evaporation capacity, the logical chlorine speed of device is from 30 kilograms per hour, progressively improve, the all right qualified product of extraction while being up to 350 kilograms per hour, 3600 tons of trichlorinated production capacities have been equivalent to produce per year, than batch (-type) equipment production capacity, 16 times have been improved 5. by adjusting tower side heat exchanger cooling water size, regulate reflux ratio, make reflux ratio be not less than 1: 1, 6. switch the thermal source of liquid chlorine vaporization, using the water outlet of tower side heat exchanger recirculated water supply with chlorine liquid carburetor as liquid chlorine vaporization thermal source.
In process, under the logical chlorine speed of difference, periodic logging device service data, and product is carried out to sample examination, part record data and result of laboratory test are as shown in following table (table 1-1):
Phosphorus trichloride serialization pilot-plant record sheet under table 2, different logical chlorine speed:
Chlorine enters from the outside tangent line of interior guide, forms outward turning-circulation, at the bottom of liquid enters tower from inner draft tube top by the continuous circulation of guide shell.Same device (referring to Figure 18) is if adopt the common common loop reactor pattern of reaction mixture that directly from inner draft tube bottom, chlorine passed into, and it is just defective that chlorine intake surpasses 0.5kg/min product.Visible, utilize outer eddy flow～circulation reaction and rectification device can make synthetic phosphorus trichloride efficiency improve 8 times of left and right than circulation flow reactor efficiency.
Claims (8)
1. the present invention relates to a kind of New-type Swirl Flow dispersal device, it is mainly by container (1), rotary nozzle (2), pipeline (3), pump (4) forms, it is characterized in that: rotary nozzle (2) is placed in container (1), rotary nozzle (2) is connected by pipeline (3) with pump (4).
2. eddy flow dispersal device according to claim 1, wherein, container (1) can be the containers such as still, tower, tank, pipe, interior circulation gas-lifting type tower, for different systems and different requirement, can select different vessels, all in container (1) any position pack mixing that rotary nozzle or shower nozzle (2) carry out into or/and reaction or/and technology and the device of the various process intensifications such as separated all belong to this patent claim scope.
3. eddy flow dispersal device according to claim 1, wherein, rotary nozzle (2) can be bullet-headed, olive shape, circle, square, long column shape, transverse tube shape and with compound shape of little blade stirring etc., the version that is applicable to multiple system, container and reaction mass, can be in a plurality of positions, many groups install, and can be placed in gas phase or/and liquid phase; During use, preferred upper end is fixed, lower end rotation, and for different systems, needing can be to meet rotating speed, to disperse requirement with mixing without blade or little blade.
4. eddy flow dispersal device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the nozzle of described rotary nozzle (2), and spray-hole does not limit to a number or amount, but perforated area summation is no more than the cross-sectional area of pipe in principle; Injection direction can be arbitrarily angled, and spray pattern can be pore spraying, atomizer, little liquid stream sprays or its combination, can rationally determine spray angle according to the specific requirement of rotary speed and system.
5. eddy flow dispersal device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the flow, pressure and the shower nozzle rotating speed that pump material can be according to the amount flexible modulation of the size of equipment and material; Shower nozzle rotating speed can be selected not turn as required, the rotation of High Rotation Speed or middling speed, and the rotating speed of mixed effect the best is 30～300 revs/min; Even if there is the shower nozzle at inclination angle not rotate, also can make system rotation, there is equally good mass transfer effect; If material itself just has pressure can save pump circulation pressurization means, directly make it from tangential direction or/and shower nozzle rotates into system.
6. eddy flow dispersal device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this device for gas-liquid or/and during gas-solid system, gas, or/and liquid enters the mode of container (3) can be to select the direct charging of tangent line, preferably dwindles feed gap dimension or/and install eddy flow baffle plate additional or/and by the mode of the multiple favourable material eddy flows such as rotary nozzle charging.
7. eddy flow dispersal device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this device can be built-in by increasing, external jacket for heat exchange device or directly or tangent line or rotary nozzle pass into that steam etc. is multiple moves heat or to hot mode equilibrium temperature, move the preferably direct evaporation mode of heat, preferably directly pass into steam mode to heat, on indirect heat exchange preferred cycle pipeline, increase heat exchanger.
8. eddy flow dispersal device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: eddy flow dispersal device has simple in structure, general strong, can be widely used in relating in gas phase, liquid phase, gas-liquid, gas-solid two-phase and gas-liquid-solid three-phase system mix or/and reaction or/and in the various devices of the process intensification such as separated.
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Application publication date: 20141105 |