CN104120293A - Refining composition and smelting method of aluminum or aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Refining composition and smelting method of aluminum or aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN104120293A CN104120293A CN201410263784.7A CN201410263784A CN104120293A CN 104120293 A CN104120293 A CN 104120293A CN 201410263784 A CN201410263784 A CN 201410263784A CN 104120293 A CN104120293 A CN 104120293A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a refining composition for smelting aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a method for smelting aluminum or the aluminum alloy by utilizing the refining composition. The refining composition comprises a low-smoke composition formed by KCl, MgCl2 and CaF2, wherein the weight ratio of KCl to MgCl2 is 1:1; the total weight of KCl and MgCl2 accounts for 65wt% to 50wt% of the total weight of the low-smoke composition; the weight of CaF2 accounts for 35wt% to 50wt% of the total weight of the low-smoke composition. The refining composition can be used for eliminating or obviously reducing black smoke generated during the smelting of aluminum or the aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to refining agent and melting technology in aluminium and aluminum melting process.
Background technology
Because the chemically reactive of aluminium is very strong, in fusion process, easily produce inclusion, gas etc., they can be distributed in aluminum or aluminum alloy inside after melt solidifying becomes defect, and material property is produced a very large impact.Therefore, improve the performance of cast aluminum-molykote composite material and alloy thereof, must fully remove inclusion and gas in melt, avoid the generation of defect in foundry goods.
A kind of general method is in fusion process, to add refining agent at present, by the inclusion in it and melt adsorb, dissolving and chemical action remove the gred, the volatile gaseous salt that simultaneously utilizes chemical action to produce, as aluminum chloride, take the gas in aluminium liquid out of, and adsorb the atomic hydrogen disperseing in melt and taken out of liquid level by himself being melted into drop.
Commercially available aluminium refining agent main component is villaumite at present, as KCl, NaCl etc., and adds a small amount of fluorochemical, as Ca
2f, sodium aluminum fluoride (Na
3alF
6) etc.In conventional refining agent, take the eutectic mixture (fusing point is greatly about 650 ℃) of 45%NaCl+55%KCl as main, add other muriates as essentially consist, auxiliary a small amount of (3～5%) sodium aluminum fluoride or the 1.5%CaF of adding
2.
The surface tension of the refining agent of melting (in this article also referred to as flux) on solid phase (inclusion) interface and liquid phase (molten aluminum) interface determined the ability of its absorption slag.Flux is larger in the surface tension at molten aluminum interface, easily more separated with molten aluminum; Flux is less in the surface tension at inclusion interface, and it more can soak and dross inclusion adsorption, and it is removed from metal.Therefore utilize flux to improve molten aluminum with respect to the surface tension of inclusion interface, be conducive to flux oxide film and non-metallic inclusion are got rid of.The moiety of flux has determined its regulating power to tension force, i.e. adsorptive power.In the identical situation of other conditions, the muriate of melting is stronger than fluorochemical to the adsorptive power of slag, and alkali metal chloride is stronger than alkaline earth metal chloride.
Fluorochemical in refining agent plays the particularly effect of aluminum oxide of inclusion of dissolving.This is to have certain ability of dissolving each other due to aluminum oxide and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), sodium aluminum fluoride, also will increase to some extent, but with the increase of content of fluoride to the ability of dissolved oxygen aluminium when temperature is lower, and under general smelting temperature, solvency action is little.
Villaumite with molten aluminium generation chemical action, metal ion wherein and aluminium generation replacement(metathesis)reaction, the AlCl of generation
3be volatile gaseous material, have outgassing.
While adopting flux-refining, form a large amount of dispersion and tiny flux drop in melt, by dissolution equilibrium rule, the atomic hydrogen in melt also will be brought to liquid level to the diffusion of flux drop, reduces the hydrogen richness in melt.
Therefore the fusing point of refining agent will be lower than aluminum or aluminum alloy, and proportion is less than aluminum or aluminum alloy proportion, can absorb the inclusion dissolving in melt, and can from melt, it be got rid of.In addition, can't there is disadvantageous chemical reaction with smelting metal and furnace lining in refining agent, and water absorbability is little, and vapour pressure is low, has suitable viscosity and mobility, preferably do not contain or do not produce detrimental impurity and gas.
The eutectic mixture of the NaCl of prior art scheme employing 45% and 55% KCl is main combination, reached above-mentioned basic demand, but its fusing point (about 650 ℃) but differs greatly with respect to aluminium and the aluminium alloy (approximately 700～approximately 750 ℃) of melting.Especially the aluminum magnesium alloy or the Al-Mg-Si alloy that for current market demand, increase sharply, owing to generally adopting online degasification, filter, be refined as the technique of one, and chute length is all greater than 4 meters, therefore smelting temperature has been brought up to approximately 750～approximately 780 ℃ from before approximately 700～approximately 750 ℃, this makes low melting point salt constituents and impurity in refining agent be issued to point of ignition and burning rapidly at this high temperature, on aluminium liquid surface, produce a large amount of black smokes, severe contamination Working environment, causes damage to the person.
Chinese invention patent application 201310660348.9 discloses a kind of aluminium refining agent, comprises KCl, NaCl, CaF
2, Na
3alF
6, Mg
2n
3, C
2cl
6and rare earth, mass percent is respectively: 35-50%, 30-40%, 5-8%, 8-15%, 5-10%, 3-6% and 0.2-0.5%.
Chinese invention patent application 201310435121.4 also discloses a kind of aluminium refining agent, comprises NaCl55～70%, KCl13～10%, MgCl
23～10%, Na
3alF
620～35%.
Yet still there is no to suppress or to eliminate at present the refining agent of the black smoke producing in aluminium melting technology.
Summary of the invention
For aluminium and aluminium alloy, particularly aluminum magnesium alloy under comparatively high temps or Al-Mg-Si alloy, in fusion process, produce the problem of black smoke, the invention provides a kind of composition that can eliminate or reduce black smoke.
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of refining composition for aluminum or aluminum alloy melting, described refining composition comprises a kind of low tobacco composition, KCl and MgCl that this low tobacco composition is about 1:1 by weight ratio
2and CaF
2form, wherein in the gross weight of described low tobacco composition, KCl and MgCl
2total amount be 65～50wt%, CaF
2amount be 35～50wt%.
According to a kind of preferred implementation, in the gross weight of described low tobacco composition, KCl and MgCl
2total amount be 60～50wt%, CaF
2amount be 40～50wt%.
According to a kind of embodiment, described refining composition also comprises the gross weight in described refining composition, 90～70wt%, preferably the aluminum or aluminum alloy refining agent of 90～80wt%.
According to another kind of embodiment, described refining composition is comprised of described low tobacco composition.
According to a second aspect of the invention, provide a kind of method of melting aluminum or aluminum alloy, be included in melting technology and add above-mentioned refining composition, the amount of the low tobacco composition that the aluminum or aluminum alloy weighing scale of wherein take is added is 0.15～0.3wt%.
According to a kind of preferred implementation, described aluminium alloy is aluminum magnesium alloy or Al-Mg-Si alloy.
Low tobacco composition of the present invention is by KCl, MgCl
2and CaF
2these three kinds of specific salt mix and the fusing point of composition are can be controlled in lower than aluminum or aluminum alloy fusing point but quite approaching temperature (for example, more preferably 750 ℃ of left and right) with specific ratio, thereby in fusion process, be molten state droplet-like, play the same texts of refining agent, avoided again producing black smoke because of the burning of low melting point (impurity or low melting point salt).
Low tobacco composition of the present invention can be used as refining agent separately, therefore because almost reaching substantially smokeless effect without any combustion phenomena; Also can coordinate other aluminum or aluminum alloy refining agent to use, can reach the effect of remarkable minimizing black smoke.
The usage quantity of low tobacco composition of the present invention accounts for 0.15～0.3wt% of aluminium (or aluminium alloy) weight, and this significantly reduces than the consumption of conventional refining agent (0.6～0.8wt%), thereby has reduced melting cost.For aluminum magnesium alloy or Al-Mg-Si alloy, the magnesium chloride in refining composition of the present invention reacts the Mg displacing with Al be also the composition of aluminium alloy, therefore reduced the extra injected volume of Mg, further reduced cost.
It is lower that the fused solution vapour pressure of low tobacco composition of the present invention is compared conventional refining agent, and flux gas slowly diffuses out aluminium liquid surface, is more conducive to the eliminating of hydrogen and other bubbles.Adopt refining composition of the present invention, after melting, aluminium/Dissolved H in Liquid Al-Si Alloy content is below every hectogram aluminium 0.2ml.
Embodiment
Object and/or the scheme of the present invention's instruction provide the form with preferred implementation.To the explanation of these embodiments, be for understanding better the present invention, and unrestricted other feasible embodiments, these other embodiments can be by practice of the present invention is learnt.
The implication of aluminum or aluminum alloy refining agent mentioned in this article is the common implication in this area, refers to conventional refining agent.
Low tobacco composition mentioned in this article refers to only by KCl, MgCl
2and CaF
2form, and KCl and MgCl
2weight ratio is the composition of about 1:1.Known, described KCl and MgCl herein
2weight ratio is about 1:1, refers to that the weight ratio of the two can exist error generally acknowledged in field, for example, be conventionally less than 3%, is preferably less than 2%, is more preferably less than 1% error.
Aluminum or aluminum alloy refining composition mentioned in this article is in order to be different from conventional refining agent, refer to only by above-mentioned low tobacco composition, to be formed, or comprise a kind of refining agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy melting technology that the about low tobacco composition of 90～70wt% and surplus are conventional refining agent.
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of for aluminum or aluminum alloy, especially the refining composition of aluminum magnesium alloy or Al-Mg-Si alloy melting.Described refining composition comprises a kind of low tobacco composition.KCl and MgCl that this low tobacco composition is about 1:1 by weight ratio
2and CaF
2form, wherein in the gross weight of described low tobacco composition, CaF
2amount be 35～50wt%, KCl and MgCl
2the total amount of combination is 65～50wt%; Preferably, CaF
2amount be 40～50wt%, KCl and MgCl
2the total amount of combination is 60～50wt%.
In this low tobacco composition, for the adsorption of flux, the mixing salt of Repone K and magnesium chloride will be got well than the effect of independent a kind of salt, and adds on this basis fluorochemical can further strengthen its adsorptive power.
And raising Calcium Fluoride Content also increases to some extent to the ability of dissolved oxygen aluminium, during especially for example, for temperature higher (approximately 750 ℃ or higher), solvency action is obvious.In addition, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) can react and generate magnesium fluoride (MgF with magnesium chloride
2), magnesium fluoride can further improve the affinability of the present composition.
In addition, KCl also plays the effect of adjusting viscosity and denseness, can make aluminium liquid become rice pasty consistency.MgCl
2react and displace Mg with Al, produce aluminum chloride with exhaust; And Mg is alloying constituent in aluminum magnesium alloy or Al-Mg-Si alloy, therefore can reduce the injected volume of Mg simultaneously, reduce costs.CaF
2not only be conducive to dissolved oxygen aluminium dehydrogenation, and unexpected this composition of discovery can make aluminium alloy machinability better.
This low tobacco composition can be used as aluminium refining agent separately, is particularly suitable in the technique of higher smelting temperature, can substantially not produce black smoke, and reaches the same texts of conventional refining agent.
This low tobacco composition also can be used in combination with other aluminium refining agent, plays the effect that reduces black smoke.
According to the present invention, while adopting refining composition melting aluminum or aluminum alloy of the present invention, the amount of the low tobacco composition adding is counted 0.15～0.3wt% with aluminum or aluminum alloy weight.Concrete consumption is relevant with foreign matter content and kind in raw material aluminium/aluminium alloy, and those skilled in the art can carry out to determine concrete consumption as required.And can consider to select other refining agents according to practical situation, to reach better Smelting Effect.
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further elaborated, but obvious scope of the present invention is not limited in following examples.
Embodiment 1:
By KCl, MgCl
2, CaF
232.5%, 32.5% and 35% the amount of being respectively with weight percent is in abundant mixing, thermal dehydration in electric furnace, and crystallisation by cooling then, gained crystal is composition 1.
Embodiment 2:
By KCl, MgCl
2, CaF
230%, 30% and 40% the amount of being respectively with weight percent is fully mixed, thermal dehydration in electric furnace, and crystallisation by cooling then, gained crystal is composition 2.
Embodiment 3:
By KCl, MgCl
2, CaF
225%, 25% and 50% the amount of being respectively with weight percent is fully mixed, thermal dehydration in electric furnace, and crystallisation by cooling then, gained crystal is composition 3.
Test example:
When temperature is respectively 700 ℃, 750 ℃ and 780 ℃ time, respectively with commercially available aluminium refining agent, composition of the present invention and the commercially available aluminium refining agent that adds the present composition as refining agent, 6063 aluminium alloy melts are carried out to refining, observe black smoke and produce situation.The add-on of each refining agent is counted 0.3wt% with aluminium alloy weight.Wherein adopt 12t circular aluminum smelting furnace, the black smoke amount that the commercially available aluminium refining agent 1 of take produces in the time of 780 ℃ is 100%, observes the situation of each refining agent generation black smoke under differing temps.Concrete outcome is asked for an interview following table 1.
Table 1.
Note: aluminium refining agent 1 is the prosperous common refining agent TTPJ in Xuzhou ten thousand;
Aluminium refining agent 2 is the prosperous injection refining agent in Xuzhou ten thousand TC-LJ1.
From upper table 1, even high to 780 ℃ of black smokes that also substantially produce without burning when low tobacco composition of the present invention is used separately, use simultaneously and also can play the effect of adjusting fusing point and point of ignition with commercially available refining agent, significantly suppress the generation of black smoke, can suppress approximately 90% even more black smoke and produce.Thereby refining composition of the present invention can significantly play the effect of pollution abatement, can adapt to better higher Production requirement.
Below by preferred embodiment, embodiments of the present invention have been described, but one skilled in the art should appreciate that, can in these embodiments, change and not deviate from principle of the present invention and spirit, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
1. for a refining composition for aluminum or aluminum alloy melting, comprise a kind of low tobacco composition, KCl and MgCl that described low tobacco composition is about 1:1 by weight ratio
2and CaF
2form, wherein in the gross weight of described low tobacco composition, KCl and MgCl
2total amount be 65～50wt%, CaF
2amount be 35～50wt%.
2. refining composition according to claim 1, wherein in the gross weight of described low tobacco composition, KCl and MgCl
2total amount be 60～50wt%, CaF
2amount be 40～50wt%.
3. refining composition according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said refining composition is comprised of described low tobacco composition.
4. refining composition according to claim 1 and 2, wherein in the gross weight of described refining composition, the described low tobacco composition that contains 90～70wt% and the aluminum or aluminum alloy refining agent of 10～30wt%.
5. refining composition according to claim 4, wherein in the gross weight of described refining composition, the described low tobacco composition that contains 90～80wt% and the aluminum or aluminum alloy refining agent of 10～20wt%.
6. a method for melting aluminum or aluminum alloy, is included in melting technology and adds according to the refining composition described in any one in claim 1-5, and wherein with aluminum or aluminum alloy weighing scale, the amount of the low tobacco composition adding is 0.15～0.3wt%.
7. method according to claim 6, wherein said aluminium alloy is aluminum magnesium alloy or Al-Mg-Si alloy.
Priority Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410263784.7A CN104120293A (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | Refining composition and smelting method of aluminum or aluminum alloy |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410263784.7A CN104120293A (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | Refining composition and smelting method of aluminum or aluminum alloy |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105177335A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-23 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Alloy element additive used for aluminum alloy production and preparation method thereof |
| CN107557604A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-09 | 湖南博溥立材料科技有限公司 | Aluminum refining agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN110387481A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-10-29 | 闻喜县凯利达贸易有限公司 | A kind of particle refining agent and preparation method thereof reducing aluminium alloy scaling loss |
| CN110616349A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2019-12-27 | 四川轻化工大学 | Melting refining agent for 5-series high-magnesium aluminum alloy welding wire blank and preparation method thereof |
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| US4368371A (en) * | 1979-09-08 | 1983-01-11 | Messer Griesheim | Process for the submerged-arc welding of light metals such as aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| CN1034395A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-08-02 | 航空工业部第六三三研究所 | Non-polluting treating-agent for aluminium alloys and compound method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105177335A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-23 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Alloy element additive used for aluminum alloy production and preparation method thereof |
| CN107557604A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-09 | 湖南博溥立材料科技有限公司 | Aluminum refining agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN110387481A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-10-29 | 闻喜县凯利达贸易有限公司 | A kind of particle refining agent and preparation method thereof reducing aluminium alloy scaling loss |
| CN110387481B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-05-26 | 闻喜县凯利达贸易有限公司 | Particle refining agent for reducing burning loss of aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN110616349A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2019-12-27 | 四川轻化工大学 | Melting refining agent for 5-series high-magnesium aluminum alloy welding wire blank and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20141029 |