CN104119618A - Oil absorption material and preparation method and use thereof - Google Patents

Oil absorption material and preparation method and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104119618A
CN104119618A CN201410346090.XA CN201410346090A CN104119618A CN 104119618 A CN104119618 A CN 104119618A CN 201410346090 A CN201410346090 A CN 201410346090A CN 104119618 A CN104119618 A CN 104119618A
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oil absorption
absorption material
oil
powder
expanded plastic
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CN201410346090.XA
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CN104119618B (en
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李林瑛
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Golden Carbon Environment Technology (tianjin) Co Ltd
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  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to an oil absorption material and belongs to the field of preparation of organic materials. The invention further relates to a preparation method and use of the oil absorption material. The oil absorption material is powder made from foamed plastic. The powder made from foamed material provided by the invention has high oil absorption and low water absorption. The foamed material is cut and smashed to obtain powder with the grain size being about 2-1000 microns. The oil absorption of the obtained polyurethane foam block to gasoline is reduced by no greater than 10% but the water absorption is greatly reduced to below 20% of the original water absorption.

Description

Oil absorption material and its production and use
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil absorption material, belong to organic materials preparation field.The invention still further relates to preparation method and the purposes of oil absorption material.
Background technology
Foam interior is the vesicular structure of latticed or film like, thereby it not only has great specific surface area, innerly also contains abundant capillary channel.Therefore when it contacts with oil-water mixture, not only Hui material section surface produces adsorption but also is accompanied by packing space absorption oil and water, is mainly by mesopore capillary condensation and macropore multilayer adsorption and filling.Therefore water and oil are all easier in this class A foam A microchannel, assemble, form certain thickness, in oil-water mixture, in oil suction, also absorb water, water-intake rate is generally 2-4 times of own wt, causes the rear oil-water mixture of absorption to need secondary separation aftertreatment difficulty.
According to foam adsorption mechanism, the oil absorption of foam mainly comes from the capillary condensation phenomenon in pore, only has small part to come from the absorption on foam materials surface.Absorption total amount equals surface excess and capillary condensation adsorptive capacity.Capillary condensation adsorptive capacity accounts for absorption the more than 70% of total amount.The oil absorption of foam materials derives from oil-retaining, and oil-retaining derives from capillary absorption.So because the existence of capillary condensation improves the oil-retaining of foam materials, thereby can adsorb more oil.A lot of papers of this area have been approved this oil suction mechanism, and have done on this basis a large amount of confirmatory experiments and prove this theory.So, in order to obtain better oil suction effect, to prepare less abscess, be a R&D direction of this area.
Conventionally, oil absorption material is all block, and every diameter or the length of side are generally 4-5cm, are made with like this 2 objects, the one, and for easy to use, the 2nd, in order to keep the stable of abscess.Because each cutting all can destroy a part of abscess, abscess has been lost and protect oily ability.Excessive, adsorb too slowly, too small, oil-retaining is too poor.
In prior art, mostly adopt flexible foams, adopt the polymerization single polymerization monomer of high oleophylic, to improve the water-absorbent of foam materials, the material with capillarity has good hydrophilic effect, so water-absorbent is still very high.
Summary of the invention
Yet present inventor, in a large amount of experimentations, finds, common foam materials, even if abscess is destroyed, also has the oil-retaining before being not less than abscess and not going to pot, and can also reduce the water-retaining capacity of foam materials simultaneously.
The application has overcome technology prejudice in the past, and particularly, the application provides a kind of oil absorption material, and described oil absorption material is the powder that expanded plastic is made.
The oily purposes that the application also provides oil absorption material to contain solid impurity in absorption.
In addition, the application also provides the preparation method of oil absorption material, and expanded plastic is made to powder, obtains oil absorption material.
The powder that foam materials provided by the invention is made has high oil absorbency and lower water-intake rate.
The present invention will after foam materials cutting and grinding, obtain particle diameter greatly about the powder of 2-1000 micron, the oil absorbency to gasoline of the polyurethane foamed blocks of acquisition reduces and is no more than 10%, water-intake rate is reduced to original below 20% greatly.
 
Embodiment
Oil absorption material, described oil absorption material is the powder that expanded plastic is made.
By being prepared into powder, destroyed original capillary absorption structure, the water-absorbent of oil absorption material is reduced greatly.Meanwhile, oil absorption can not reduce too much, and wherein possible mechanism is: powder particle surface exists surface adsorption, and adjacent powder particle is in conjunction with again forming capillary absorption structure.It should be noted that, the oil described in the application, not only refers to lipid acid, refers to the organic liquid that all can adsorb.
Described expanded plastic is selected from one or several in polystyrene, urethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, urea formaldehyde, phenolic aldehyde, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfones.
The preferred semi-rigid expanded plastic of expanded plastic.
For urethane, expanded plastic is adjustable.
Porous plastics is as given a definition: form the matrix polymer of porous plastics more than crystalline melting point, if amorphous polymer, more than second-order transition temperature.In like manner, can be under rigid foam as give a definition: form the matrix polymer of porous plastics, with crystalline state, exist, or exist with metamict, but below second-order transition temperature.According to this differentiation, most of expanded polyolefin, unplasticizied polyvinyl chloride foam, phenol formaldehyde foam, polycarbonate foam, polyphenylene oxide foam, polysulfones foam, some polyurethane foam all belongs to rigid foam, and elastic polyurethane foam, some expanded polyolefin, the polyvinyl chloride foam of plasticising is all soft foam.
According to the regulation of ASTM standard, to soft and differentiation rigid foam, be at 18-29 ℃ of temperature, in times 5 s, around the pole of diameter 2.5cm one week, if do not ruptured, belong to flex foam,
Otherwise, belong to rigid foam.
Press the regulation of iso standard.Compression set reaches 50% rear release of pressure.Its thickness is compared with original thickness to reduce and is no more than 2% for flex foam, is greater than lO% person for rigid foam, and meson 2-10% person is semi-rigid foamed plastics.
Also have and using Young's modulus as distinguishing standard.All under 23 ℃ and this standard environment of relative humidity of 50%, Young's modulus is greater than 686MPa person for rigid foam.Being less than 68.6Mpa person for flex foam, is semi-rigid foamed plastics between 68.6-686MPa person.
Expanded plastic of the present invention judges whether to belong to hard or semi-rigid expanded plastic with above-mentioned any one standard.
Flex foam has open-celled structure mostly, and rigid foam has unicellular structure mostly.Porous plastics for oil suction in prior art is all nonrigid plastics, and the present invention adopts hard or semi-rigid expanded plastic, also has good oil suction effect after being ground into powder.
In order to obtain better oil suction effect, the median size of powder is 2-1000 micron, preferably 100-500 micron.
The preparation method of expanded plastic polystyrene, urethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, urea formaldehyde, phenolic aldehyde is all common practise of this area, generally comprises polymerization single polymerization monomer.Method by chemistry or physics foams and maintains the stable to obtain good foaming effect of foam, can control by a series of auxiliary agent the size of the bubble diameter of foam.The preferred 1-1000 micron of bubble diameter of the expanded plastic described in the application, more preferably 50-500 micron.
For different bubble diameters, can obtain better oil suction, soaking effect not by controlling the particle diameter of powder.Preferably powder diameter is 0.2-10 with the ratio of expanded plastic bubble diameter.More select 0.5-2.
Oil absorption material also comprises inert inorganic powder.
Inert inorganic powder can add when preparing expanded plastic, can when preparing expanded plastic powder, add.Preferably when preparing expanded plastic, add inert inorganic powder.
'inertia' in the application's inert inorganic powder refers to neither oleophylic, not hydrophilic again, and in the chemical stability with height.This is different from the inorganic combustion inhibitor in porous plastics.
Oil absorption material due to oil suction after, need to extrude and reuse, after using, the oil number of oil absorption material can decline at every turn.Inert inorganic powder can suppress the reunion occurring because of oil suction of Powdered foam material.This has improved the access times of foam materials and has reduced oil suction decay.
Selectable inert inorganic powder comprises metal-powder, water-insoluble silicate powder, water insoluble carbonate powder.In order to reduce hydrophilic and oleophilic, the inert inorganic powder of the smooth atresia of preferred surface.
In order to have improved the access times of foam materials, described inert inorganic powder diameter is 0.2-10 with the ratio in foam material aperture, preferably 0.5-2.
The oily purposes that oil absorption material contains solid impurity in absorption.With respect to block foam, the Powdered obstruction that is not more vulnerable to solid impurity.The access times of block foam reduce because stop up.Powderedly there is not this problem.
The preparation method of oil absorption material, makes powder by expanded plastic, obtains oil absorption material.
The method that block foam is made powder is a lot, and the application is not restricted.As the methods such as cutting grinding all can realize object of the present invention.
Below, will to the present invention, be described in more detail by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Take Chinese patent CN200910060231.0 as example, and this patent relates to high oil absorption polyurethane foam material, its recipe ingredient following (being weight part, lower same):
30 parts of MDI
50 parts of polyvalent alcohols
1.5 parts of catalyzer
1.8 parts of suds-stabilizing agents (L600)
5 parts of whipping agents (deionized water)
3 parts of pore-creating agents (C-18)
15 parts of fire retardants (expanded graphite)
5 parts of Spherical Powder of Silicone Rubbers
1 part of coupling agent
The polyurethane foamed blocks obtaining to the oil absorbency of gasoline, be 25g/g, water-intake rate is 1.2g/g.
The polyurethane foam that present inventor adopts said components to be prepared from, will obtain particle diameter greatly about the powder of 2-500 micron after its cutting and grinding, the polyurethane foamed blocks of acquisition to the oil absorbency of gasoline, be 23g/g, water-intake rate is 0.28g/g.
Embodiment 2
Propylene glycol is 70 parts of the polyoxyethylene propylene oxide ethoxylated polyhydric alcohols of initiator
Glycerine is 30 parts of the polyoxyethylene propylene oxide ethoxylated polyhydric alcohols of initiator
1 part of diethanolamine
2.4 parts, water
0.3 part of 4-methyl hexamethylene diamine
0.1 part of triethylene diamine
49.6 parts of poly-MDI
40 degrees Celsius of die temperatures.Curing time 4 minutes, gel time 96 seconds, 163 seconds rise times.
The foaming density that obtains semi-rigid expanded plastic is 159kg/m3, final Shore C hardness 37, average 400 microns of bubble diameter.
Wherein, poly-MDI is the MR-200 of Japanese NPU company, the polyoxyethylene propylene oxide ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol hydroxyl value 28 that propylene glycol is initiator, molecular weight 4000, ethylene oxide content 20%.Glycerine is the polyoxyethylene propylene oxide ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol hydroxyl value 34 of initiator, molecular weight 5000, ethylene oxide content 18%.All the other are commercially available prod.
After cutting and grinding (approximately 30 microns of powder diameters), the oil absorbency 7g/g to gasoline, water-intake rate 0.2g/g.
Be crushed to after average 100 microns the oil absorbency 16g/g to gasoline, water-intake rate 0.2g/g.
Be crushed to after average 400 microns the oil absorbency 18g/g to gasoline, water-intake rate 0.2g/g.
Be crushed to after average 1000 microns the oil absorbency 15g/g to gasoline, water-intake rate 0.4g/g.
Be crushed to after average 2 millimeters the oil absorbency 12g/g to gasoline, water-intake rate 0.7g/g.
Be crushed to after average 4 millimeters the oil absorbency 10g/g to gasoline, water-intake rate 1.3g/g.
Be crushed to after average 10 millimeters the oil absorbency 13g/g to gasoline, water-intake rate 2.5g/g.
The cubes that is cut into the length of side and is 4 centimetres is block, to the oil absorbency of gasoline, is 15g/g, water-intake rate 4g/g.
Embodiment 3
The scheme that adopts embodiment 2, adds 3 parts, pure aluminium silicate subcircular powder, and 100,400,1000 microns of powder diameter average out to do not add pure aluminium silicate powder and compare simultaneously with embodiment 2.The foam powder obtaining is crushed to after average 400 microns.Oil number to useless gear oil (lubricating oil that contains anti-wear agent also has the broken wadding of metal, carbon particles etc.) is simultaneously roughly the same, is between 16-18g/g.The number of times that oil number decays to 50% oil number is respectively 10 times, 20 times, 7 times.The number of times that does not add pure aluminium silicate powder is 5 times.

Claims (10)

1. oil absorption material, is characterized in that, described oil absorption material is the powder that expanded plastic is made.
2. oil absorption material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described expanded plastic is selected from one or several in polystyrene, urethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, urea formaldehyde, phenolic aldehyde, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfones.
3. oil absorption material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described expanded plastic is semi-rigid expanded plastic.
4. oil absorption material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the median size of described powder is 2-1000 micron.
5. oil absorption material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bubble diameter of described expanded plastic is 1-1000 micron.
6. oil absorption material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the ratio 0.2-10 of described powder diameter and the bubble diameter of expanded plastic.
7. oil absorption material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described oil absorption material also comprises inert inorganic powder.
8. oil absorption material according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described inert inorganic powder diameter is 0.2-10 with the ratio in polyurethane foam material aperture.
9. according to the oil absorption material described in any one claim in claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of oil absorption material, is characterized in that, expanded plastic is made to powder, obtains oil absorption material.
10. the oily purposes that contains solid impurity according to the oil absorption material described in any one claim in claim 1-8 in absorption.
CN201410346090.XA 2014-07-21 2014-07-21 Oil absorption material and its production and use Active CN104119618B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104497987A (en) * 2014-12-29 2015-04-08 江苏健神生物农化有限公司 Cleaning agent for cleaning petroleum film in sea and preparation method thereof
CN108203218A (en) * 2018-01-05 2018-06-26 金碳环境科技(天津)有限公司 A kind of harmless treatment process of oily sludge
CN108249621A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-07-06 金碳环境科技(天津)有限公司 A kind of oil-containing sewage treatment technique
CN109966156A (en) * 2019-03-14 2019-07-05 龚海棠 A kind of oil absorbent piece and its preparation process

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5738875A (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-03-03 Taihoo Kogyo Kk Oil adsorbent
DE3840670A1 (en) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-07 Ruediger Hesch Pressed mouldings of rigid polyurethane foam, process for their production and their use for absorbing oil
CN1978511A (en) * 2006-11-29 2007-06-13 上海宜可环保科技有限公司 Recyclable oil-sorbent material
CN101787107A (en) * 2010-02-21 2010-07-28 中国人民解放军63975部队 Oil-absorbing polyurethane foam material

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JPS5738875A (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-03-03 Taihoo Kogyo Kk Oil adsorbent
DE3840670A1 (en) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-07 Ruediger Hesch Pressed mouldings of rigid polyurethane foam, process for their production and their use for absorbing oil
CN1978511A (en) * 2006-11-29 2007-06-13 上海宜可环保科技有限公司 Recyclable oil-sorbent material
CN101787107A (en) * 2010-02-21 2010-07-28 中国人民解放军63975部队 Oil-absorbing polyurethane foam material

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104497987A (en) * 2014-12-29 2015-04-08 江苏健神生物农化有限公司 Cleaning agent for cleaning petroleum film in sea and preparation method thereof
CN104497987B (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-05-24 濮阳市绿洲实业有限公司 Cleaning agent for cleaning petroleum film in sea and preparation method thereof
CN107055684A (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-08-18 胡妍 Environment-friendly type is used to remove detersive of slick and preparation method thereof
CN107057645A (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-08-18 胡妍 Detersive for removing slick and preparation method thereof
CN107057646A (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-08-18 胡妍 A kind of environment-friendly type is used to remove detersive of slick and preparation method thereof
CN107055682A (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-08-18 胡妍 It is a kind of to be used to remove detersive of slick and preparation method thereof
CN107055683A (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-08-18 胡妍 A kind of detersive for being used to remove slick
CN108203218A (en) * 2018-01-05 2018-06-26 金碳环境科技(天津)有限公司 A kind of harmless treatment process of oily sludge
CN108249621A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-07-06 金碳环境科技(天津)有限公司 A kind of oil-containing sewage treatment technique
CN109966156A (en) * 2019-03-14 2019-07-05 龚海棠 A kind of oil absorbent piece and its preparation process

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Effective date of registration: 20170615

Address after: 300204 Tianjin, Yongan Road, Rome garden, block A, building 2, 1101, Hexi District

Patentee after: Golden carbon Environment Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.

Address before: 300204 Rome garden, Yongan Road, Tianjin, Hexi District A-I-1403

Patentee before: Li Linying