A kind of casting technique that prevents structure hole position scab in cavityless casting
Technical field
The present invention relates to cavityless casting technical field, while particularly adopting the foundry goods of tubule part that cavityless casting cast contains big L/D ratio or dark shrinkage pool (or dark pit), prevent the casting technique of structure hole or dark pit position scab.
Background technology
Cavityless casting (claiming again lost pattern casting) is that the paraffin similar to casting dimension shape or bubbles model bonding are combined into model cluster, brush after fireproof coating oven dry, be embedded in moulding in air-set mold sand, high temperature cast, make the gasification of full mold mould, liquid metals occupies modal position, solidifies the novel casting method of cooling rear formation foundry goods.In cavityless casting technology application process, the foundry goods casting out can produce various defects, wherein scab is the common defect of cavityless casting foundry goods, the main cause that cavityless casting foundry goods scab defect produces is that paint coatings comes off or ftractures, molten metal is taken advantage of this and is infiltrated in molding sand, easily forms penetration; If coating quality poor-performing, after molten metal enters die cavity, coating, through high-temperature baking, produces Chemical Felter, causes foundry goods chemical scab.Particularly when slender rectangular tube endoporus or complicated deep hole or pit back-up sand, easily cause not consolidation or cannot back-up sand of back-up sand, when foundry goods surrounding is full of molten iron, molding sand constantly washes away, toasts through high temperature liquid iron, there is Sand Penetration defect in final casting endoporus or shrinkage pool position, and the bore cleaning difficulty of the slender rectangular tube of big L/D ratio, dark blind hole or baroque dark pit foundry goods is also very large.
In cavityless casting, length or the degree of depth that elongated orifices refers to hole are greater than 200mm, and Kong Changyu internal diameter size is than the elongated orifices that is greater than 5; Dark shrinkage pool or dark pit refer to inner blind hole or the irregularly shaped inner chamber extending along cast(ing) surface to foundry goods.
Summary of the invention
The defect of the easy scab of large and complex structure foundry goods endoporus parts that the present invention is directed to slender rectangular tube endoporus in existing cavityless casting technique or contain dark shrinkage pool (or dark pit), a kind of casting technique that prevents structure hole position scab in cavityless casting is provided, to improve the casting quality of cavityless casting part, and simplify the cleaning technology after cast.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and a kind of casting technique that prevents structure hole position scab in cavityless casting, comprises following technological process successively: the gasified pattern of a) making and bond; B) fireproof coating is brushed on gasified pattern surface; C) dry gasified pattern; D) the structure deep of gasified pattern/or structure dell in be fixedly installed the Quench ironware matching with deep hole or dell size; E) gasified pattern is placed on to back-up sand jolt ramming in molding box; F) cast; E) cleaning foundry goods.
In cavityless casting technique of the present invention, large or back-up sand is tight and easily occur the defect of inner surface scab after cast or burning into sand for back-up sand difficulty in gasified pattern deep hole or dell, in the deep hole of gasified pattern or dell, adopt Quench ironware to fill, can prevent the defect of the scab of foundry goods inner hole wall or burning into sand.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in above-mentioned cavityless casting technique of the present invention, when elongated orifices that described structure deep is slender rectangular tube, in step d), described Quench ironware for gasified pattern structure deep inwall matched in clearance and thermal coefficient of expansion be greater than foundry goods the steel pipe of thermal coefficient of expansion cylinder iron, large 20-the 30mm of Length Ratio slim-lined construction hole length of described steel pipe, during installation, gasified pattern is placed in molding box under the length direction of hole, described steel pipe lower end is concordant with gasified pattern endoporus bottom, upper end is stretched out outside structure hole and is sealed by mud bar with the endoporus end margin of gasified pattern.This programme is in the cavityless casting technique of slender rectangular tube, the steel pipe that adopts thermal coefficient of expansion to be greater than cast iron in the slim-lined construction hole of gasified pattern is filled, solved the problem of the elongated orifices back-up sand difficulty of gasified pattern, thereby avoid because of the back-up sand casting flaw that consolidation does not cause, and because the thermal coefficient of expansion of steel pipe is greater than the thermal coefficient of expansion of cast iron, after foundry goods is cooling, between steel pipe and foundry goods, form certain gap, can take out very easily steel pipe, saved the sand removal process in elongated orifices, reduced sand removal difficulty, and avoided the casting flaw such as scab or burning into sand in elongated orifices, qualification rate and the casting quality of slender rectangular tube cavityless casting technique have been improved.
For further improving the quality of the cavityless casting part of slender rectangular tube, the ratio of the wall thickness of described steel pipe and elongated tubular casting thickness is 1:4-5, according to repeatedly comparing result and the demonstration of employing Magma analog result of produced on-site, under this thickness proportion condition, molten iron can not cause cast(ing) surface to go out the defects such as cold shut or carbon slag because of excessive Quench.
Further preferred as thickness of steel pipe in slender rectangular tube cavityless casting technique of the present invention, the ratio of the wall thickness of described steel pipe and elongated tubular casting thickness is 1:4.67.
As another kind of preferred version of the present invention, described structure deep is in large-sized structural parts during dark blind hole, in step d), described Quench ironware is the screw thread rod iron matching with dark blind hole shape, large 20-the 25mm of the dark blind hole hole depth of described screw thread rod iron Length Ratio, is provided with the gap of 10-15mm, during installation between described screw thread rod iron and dark blind hole, screw thread rod iron is installed in dark blind hole with one heart by locating ring, and stretch out outside dark blind hole outer end.The present invention is in cavityless casting process, the screw thread rod iron adopting is as the Quench part in dark blind hole, in cast, when molten iron flow to hole inwall surrounding, because of the thermal conductivity factor of Quench ironware thermal conductivity factor apparently higher than molding sand, thereby accelerate near the cooling rate of high temperature liquid iron it, and reduce the baking of high temperature liquid iron near coating and molding sand, and then eliminate the scab phenomenon at the dark blind hole of foundry goods position, to improve quality and the qualification rate of foundry goods.In addition, in this structure, between screw-thread steel and dark blind hole, fit clearance is rationally arranged between 10-15mm, and this gap is excessive, and cooling-down effect is not obvious, and gap is too small, molten iron is crossed Quench, causes molten iron cooling too fast, makes foundry goods occur cold shut, or evaporative pattern is because molten metal temperature is low, gasifies and not exclusively produces carbon slag defect.
As another kind of preferred version of the present invention, described structure dell is in large-sized structural parts during dark pit, in step d), described Quench ironware is the antiseized sand cooling ironware matching with dark pit shape, large 20-the 25mm of the dark pit depth of described antiseized sand cooling ironware Length Ratio, between described antiseized each face of sand cooling ironware and dark each respective face of pit, distance is 10-15mm, during installation, antiseized sand cooling ironware is fixedly mounted in dark pit by keeper, and stretch out outside dark pit outer end.In cavityless casting technique of the present invention, similar as the effect of the Quench ironware in dark blind hole to the screw thread rod iron adopting, for dark pit or the dark pit in irregular shape in picture heavy duty machine tools class formation part, at the gasified pattern parts of this dark pit, place in advance an antiseized sand cooling ironware matching with dark pit shape, in cast, when molten iron flow to dark pit inwall surrounding, because of the thermal conductivity factor of antiseized sand cooling ironware thermal conductivity factor apparently higher than molding sand, thereby accelerate near the cooling rate of its high temperature liquid iron, and the baking of minimizing high temperature liquid iron near coating and molding sand, and then the scab phenomenon at the elimination dark pit of foundry goods position, to improve quality and the qualification rate of foundry goods.And near the cooling rate of molten iron dark pit can be rationally controlled in the gap that antiseized each wall of sand cooling ironware and the dark corresponding wall of pit are rationally set, prevent that molten iron cooling is too fast or cross the defects such as foundry goods cold shut slow and that cause or scab.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is gasified pattern structural representation while adopting cavityless casting cast elongated tubular foundry goods of the present invention.
Gasify when the adopting cavityless casting cast large-sized structural parts of the present invention partial schematic diagram of Molded Depth pit of Fig. 2.
Wherein, the gasified pattern of 1 ingot mould note pipe; 2 steel pipes; 3 structural member gasified patterns; 4 antiseized sand cooling ironwares; 5 keepers.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of casting technique that prevents structure hole position scab in cavityless casting, the present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, the ingot mould feed trumpet that foundry goods is, having an internal diameter is 202mm, wall thickness is 71mm, the elongated tubular assembling structure of Kong Changwei 1730mm, and this endoporus is important machined surface, surface quality requires very high, can not have the defects such as slight surperficial scab or burning into sand, adopt the rear endoporus sand removal of cavityless casting method cast of the prior art very difficult, and be difficult to guarantee bore area quality requirement.Adopt cavityless casting method of the present invention to comprise successively following technological process: a) to make and the gasified pattern 1 of the ingot mould note pipe that bonds, b) on gasified pattern 1 surface of ingot mould note pipe, brush fireproof coating, c) dry gasified pattern, d) in the elongated orifices of gasified pattern, placing an external diameter is 202 mm, long is 1750mm, wall thickness is the steel pipe 2 of 15mm, and overlap and pack in the elongated orifices of gasified pattern smoothly for convenience of steel pipe 2, steel pipe 2 outer walls and gasified pattern endoporus are matched in clearance, and the thermal coefficient of expansion of tube material is greater than the hot expansion system of foundry goods, during installation, gasified pattern along the upper and lower fixed placement of hole length direction in molding box, steel pipe 2 lower ends are concordant with gasified pattern endoporus bottom, the outer 20mm of gasification nib is stretched out in upper end, and for preventing that molding sand from entering along nose end edge in the gap of hole and steel pipe, the endoporus end margin of gasified pattern is sealed by mud bar, e) above-mentioned gasified pattern above-below direction is fixed on to back-up sand jolt ramming in molding box, f) cast, e) the cooling rear cleaning foundry goods of foundry goods is extracted steel pipe out in foundry goods, because the hot expansion system of steel pipe is greater than the hot expansion system of foundry goods, so foundry goods cooling after, between steel pipe and foundry goods endoporus, there is certain gap, can in hole, take out steel pipe very easily.Therefore, the foundry goods that contains elongated orifices of method casting of the present invention, after casting, steel pipe is convenient to remove, do not need endoporus sand removal, simplified the difficulty of cleaning work, and foundry goods bore area is smooth, without defects such as scab or burnings into sand, obviously improved quality and the qualification rate of foundry goods.
Embodiment 2
Foundry goods in the present embodiment is a heavy duty machine tools structural member, as shown in Figure 2, in such structural member, dark bowl configurations is more, adopt the cavityless casting method of prior art, the inner surface of dark pit is because the unreal very easy appearance of back-up sand is because of defects such as the not tight surperficial scab producing of back-up sand and burnings into sand, adopt method cavityless casting said structure part of the present invention to comprise successively following technological process, the member gasification mode 3 of a) making and bond; B) on structural member gasified pattern 3 surfaces, brush fireproof coating; C) drying structure part gasified pattern 3; D) in the dark groove position of structural member gasified pattern 3, place the antiseized sand cooling ironware 4 matching with dark pit shape, large 20-the 25mm of the antiseized sand cooling iron dark pit depth of 4 Length Ratio wherein, dark pit surface is stretched out in end, during installation, by keeper 5, make distance between antiseized sand cooling ironware 4 each faces and dark each respective face of pit keep 10-15mm; E) by the back-up sand jolt ramming in molding box of said structure part gasified pattern 3 fixed placement; F) cast; E) the cooling rear cleaning cast(ing) surface molding sand of foundry goods, takes out antiseized sand cooling ironware 4.In cavityless casting technique of the present invention, for the dark pit in heavy duty machine tools class formation part or dark pit in irregular shape, at the dark pit position of this gasified pattern, place in advance an antiseized sand cooling ironware matching with dark pit shape, in cast, when molten iron flow to dark pit inwall surrounding, because of the thermal conductivity factor of antiseized sand cooling ironware 4 thermal conductivity factors apparently higher than molding sand, thereby accelerate near the cooling rate of its high temperature liquid iron, and the baking of minimizing high temperature liquid iron near coating and molding sand, and then the scab phenomenon at the elimination dark pit of foundry goods position, to improve quality and the qualification rate of foundry goods.And near the cooling rate of molten iron dark pit can be rationally controlled in the gap that antiseized sand cooling ironware 4 each walls and the dark corresponding wall of pit are rationally set, prevent that molten iron cooling is too fast or cross the defects such as foundry goods cold shut slow and that cause or scab.
Embodiment 3
Foundry goods in the present embodiment and embodiment bis-are similar is also large-sized structural parts, in this structural member, dark blind hole structure is more, difference from Example 2 is mainly, in step d), at the dark blind hole position of structural member gasified pattern by locating piece or locating ring clamp with one heart one than the screw-thread steel of the profound 20-25mm of dark hole as Quench ironware, and make screw-thread steel surface and dark blind hole inwall keep 10-15mm spacing.In the present embodiment, adopt screw-thread steel as Quench ironware, can in molten iron cast, play the temperature of suitable reduction molten iron equally, prevent that high temperature iron is high near the coating dark blind hole inwall and the baking of molding sand, and then eliminate the defects such as the scab of dark blind hole internal face and burning into sand.