CN104105875B - 低温泵 - Google Patents

低温泵 Download PDF

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CN104105875B
CN104105875B CN201280058357.4A CN201280058357A CN104105875B CN 104105875 B CN104105875 B CN 104105875B CN 201280058357 A CN201280058357 A CN 201280058357A CN 104105875 B CN104105875 B CN 104105875B
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cryogenic
pump
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CN104105875A (zh
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P.帕皮雷尔
S.斯甘巴蒂
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Cryostar SAS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/06Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
    • F04B15/08Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/06Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for evacuating by thermal means
    • F04B37/08Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for evacuating by thermal means by condensing or freezing, e.g. cryogenic pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/10Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/08Cooling; Heating; Preventing freezing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/20Filtering
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/06Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
    • F04B15/08Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
    • F04B2015/081Liquefied gases
    • F04B2015/0822Hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/06Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
    • F04B15/08Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
    • F04B2015/081Liquefied gases
    • F04B2015/0824Nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135Pumps
    • F17C2227/0142Pumps with specified pump type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135Pumps
    • F17C2227/015Pumps with cooling of the pump
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/794With means for separating solid material from the fluid

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种往复式低温泵(2)包括可在泵送腔室内往复移动的活塞。泵送腔室(44)具有用于待泵送的低温液体的入口吸入阀(48)和用于高压低温液体的出口(32)。用于低温液体的入口阀(48)与所述泵(2)的冷端或头(6)中的低温液体接纳腔室(46)连通。泵头(6)至少部分地由第一护套(8)保持的主要真空绝缘包围。第一护套(8)本身至少部分地被第二护套(10)包围。护套(10)限定用于接纳冷却剂流体诸如液态氮的腔室并且第二护套具有用于液态氮的入口(20)和出口(22)。热绝缘还可以进一步由第一护套(8)与内套筒(52)之间截留的气体空间(73)增强,内套筒(52)与外套筒(50)限定用于泵送腔室(44)的真空绝缘。

Description

低温泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低温泵并且特定而言涉及一种低温往复式泵。
背景技术
低温泵为熟知的并且在在行业中变得越来越多地使用。在一示例中,机动车辆现使用氢作为燃料。某些这样的车辆适于储存液态氢。因此需要类似于常规加油站的液态氢填充站。这种填充站需要配备低温泵,低温泵能够生成高达例如七百巴表压(bar gauge)的高压以便将液态氢从中央储存器转移到被填充的每个机动车辆的储罐。然而,在泵送低温液体,特别是液态氢和液态氦时产生许多实际问题。一个特别的问题在于低温液体由于从环境吸热而汽化所造成的泵内的空穴现象的趋势。空穴现象可能导致泵本身的损坏并且也可能阻碍低温液体从储罐的实际泵送。
常规往复式低温泵通常具有细长外壳,其中,使活塞在泵送腔室中往复运动,泵送腔室具有用于低温液体的入口和出口。入口与泵头中的低温液体接纳腔室连通。即使已知使泵头热绝缘,仍可能发生空穴现象,特别是在泵起动期间。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供一种往复式低温泵,其包括:活塞,其可在泵送腔室内往复移动;到泵送腔室的用于待泵送的低温液体的入口;来自泵送腔室用于高压低温液体的出口;低温液体接纳腔室,其在泵头中用来从低温液体源接纳低温液体,低温液体接纳腔室包括除气出口,除气出口用于在冷却期间从接纳腔室排出汽化的低温液体,其中所述泵头至少部分地被第一护套包围,第一护套保持真空绝缘,并且第一护套本身至少部分地被第二护套包围,第二护套限定用来接纳冷却剂流体的腔室,第二护套具有用于冷却剂流体的入口和出口。
通常,根据本发明的低温往复式泵具有以下额外特点中的一个或多个特点:
入口吸入阀,其在接纳腔室与泵送腔室中间用来允许低温液体从接纳腔室传递到泵送腔室;
在接纳腔室中的过滤器,其用来限制固体粒子从泵外侧进入到泵送腔室;
用于泵送腔室的真空绝缘护套。
若需要,除气出口可与储罐内的气相发生连通,储罐充当低温液体源。因此在泵冷却期间形成的低温液体的蒸气并未丢失。
真空绝缘护套可以包括内套筒和外套筒,在内套筒与外套筒之间限定真空绝缘空间。优选地,在所述内套筒与所述第一护套中间限定一种密封的环形气体空间。
附图说明
现将参考附图以举例说明的方式来描述根据本发明的往复式低温泵,在附图中:
图1为泵的总体透视图;
图2为图1所示的泵的冷端的局部截面侧视图,其中省略了第二护套;
图3为图1和图2所示的泵的冷端吸入头的局部截面示意侧视图,其中包括第二护套。
附图未必按照比例绘制。
具体实施方式
参考附图1,低温往复式泵2大体上为圆柱形配置。泵2被示出相对于水平以较小角度安置,但可以具有任何取向。泵具有温热端4和冷端(或头)6。在泵2的温热端4处,设有用来驱动所述泵2内的活塞的机构(未图示)。通常,采用电驱动装置,但可以替代地使用液压、气动或机械驱动装置。用来驱动所述泵的布置为常规的并且无需在本文中进一步描述。
在泵2的冷端(头)6处,设置一种保持着主要真空绝缘的第一护套8(参看图2和图3)和一种包围着第一护套8远端的第二护套10。第二护套10限定用来接纳冷却剂流体(通常为液态氮)的腔室。第二护套10具有近端,近端设置于第一凸缘12处。第二护套10通常由两个相邻的部分形成,这两个相邻的部分由第二凸缘14联结在一起。将在下文中参考图3来描述第二护套10的配置的另外的细节。泵2的头或冷端6终止于真空绝缘喷嘴16,真空绝缘喷嘴16从泵2的远端延伸。喷嘴16适于连接到第一段软管,第一段软管连通液态氢或液态氦源(未图示)。第二护套10具有到低温冷却剂源(例如液态氮)的入口20和用于该冷却剂的蒸气的出口22。泵2还具有用于经汽化的氦或氢的除气出口连接件30,通常由一段软管(未图示)2连接待泵送的液态氢或氦源。泵2额外地具有用于高压液态氢或氦的出口32。
在图2和图3中示出了泵2的内部布置。泵2具备缸40,在泵操作期间,活塞42在缸40中往复运动。缸40和活塞42之间限定泵送腔室44,泵送腔室44与用于泵送的液态氢或液态氦的出口32连通。由喷嘴16准许液态氢或液态氦进入泵。喷嘴16将液态氢或液态氦引导至低温液体接纳腔室46内,低温液体接纳腔室46通过入口吸入阀48与泵送腔室44成串联连通。接纳腔室46也与除气出口连接件30连通。液态氢或液态氦从接纳腔室46到泵送腔室44的传递是通过大体上圆锥形的过滤器49,大体上圆锥形的过滤器49适于在接纳腔室46内保持可能对泵2的移动零件造成损坏的任何固体粒子。接纳腔室46由第一护套8包围。第一护套8围绕除了喷嘴16顶端之外的整个喷嘴16延伸以便提供喷嘴16的真空绝缘。缸40也具备真空绝缘。为了提供这种真空绝缘,泵2具有内套筒52和外套筒50。在套筒50与52之间的空间维持在排空状态。套筒50和52具备真空封闭的闭合件53,利用螺栓54将用于第一护套8的安装件56牢固固定于真空封闭闭合件53上。真空封闭的密封布置59也设置于接纳腔室46的近端与第一护套8之间。
塑料密封件73(通常由PIFE化合物制成)存在于第一护套8与套筒52之间以便获得在闭合空间74中的绝缘气相。在泵操作期间,密封件允许少量低温液体进入到空间74内。这种液体汽化并且所形成的气体被截留。静态气体有助于接纳腔室46的热绝缘。
在图3中示出了第二护套10。第二护套10包围着第一护套8的使喷嘴16的近端、接纳腔室46的远端和出口30绝缘的那些部分。如图1所示,第二护套10由两个主要部段60和62形成。两个部段60和62由第二凸缘14联结在一起,第二凸缘14压缩合适密封件64。第二护套10由背板66闭合,背板66由第一凸缘12固连就位,合适密封件68设置于背板66与第一凸缘12之间。第二护套10由另一凸缘70固连到喷嘴16周围的真空绝缘物,另一凸缘70具备合适密封机构72。第二护套10限定用于低温冷却剂诸如液态氮的腔室。准许低温冷却剂通过入口20并且通常填充由第二护套10限定的腔室接近其顶部(如图3所示)。所得到的氮蒸气通过出口22从第二护套10流出。
在泵2的操作中,第二护套10被填充了在-196℃和大气压力的低温液体(液态氮)以便在准许液态氦或液态氢进入之前冷却冷端6。还应意识到在液态氢的情况下,泵通常必须从+20℃的温度冷却至-250℃。在液态氦的情况下,需要甚至更低的泵送温度。通过使用液态氮来实现泵2的冷端6的预冷,减小了液态氢或液态氦的损失并且缩短了用来实现冷却的总时间。在一旦由第二护套10限定的腔室温度已到达-196℃(与冷却过程开始时发生的情况相比,其由氮汽化显著减小的速率来指示)的情况下,可开始活塞42的往复运动,以便从液态氢或液态氦源(未图示)抽吸液态氢或液态氦到接纳腔室46内并且从那里通过入口阀到泵送腔室44内,在泵送腔室44中,其压力增加到可能高达700巴的选定值。所得到的经加压的液态氢或液态氦从泵通过出口32排放。优选地,在泵送液态氦或液态氢期间维持液态氮到第二护套内部的供应以便增强在泵送期间所提供的热绝缘并且减少泵中空穴现象的发生。

Claims (6)

1.一种往复式低温泵,其包括可在泵送腔室内往复移动的活塞;
到所述泵送腔室用于待泵送的低温液体的入口;
来自所述泵送腔室用于高压低温液体的出口;
低温液体接纳腔室,其在泵头中用来从低温液体源接纳低温液体,所述低温液体接纳腔室包括除气出口,所述除气出口用于在冷却期间从所述接纳腔室排出汽化的低温液体,其中所述泵头至少部分地由第一护套包围,第一护套保持绝缘,并且所述第一护套本身至少部分地由第二护套包围,所述第二护套限定用来接纳冷却剂流体的腔室,所述第二护套具有用于冷却剂流体的入口和出口,其中所述第二护套包围所述低温液体接纳腔室的远端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温泵,包括:入口吸入阀,其在所述接纳腔室与所述泵送腔室中间用来允许低温液体从所述接纳腔室传递到所述泵送腔室。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的低温泵,包括:在所述接纳腔室中的过滤器,其用来限制固体粒子从所述泵外侧进入到所述泵送腔室。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的低温泵,其特征在于,所述泵送腔室具备内套筒和外套筒,在所述内套筒与所述外套筒之间限定真空绝缘空间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的低温泵,其特征在于,在所述内套筒与所述第一护套中间限定密封的环形气体空间。
6.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的低温泵,其特征在于,所述除气出口与储罐内的气相发生连通,所述储罐充当所述低温液体源。
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