CN110735737B - 存储箱、燃料输送装置和用于调节存储箱中的压力的方法 - Google Patents

存储箱、燃料输送装置和用于调节存储箱中的压力的方法 Download PDF

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CN110735737B
CN110735737B CN201910654230.2A CN201910654230A CN110735737B CN 110735737 B CN110735737 B CN 110735737B CN 201910654230 A CN201910654230 A CN 201910654230A CN 110735737 B CN110735737 B CN 110735737B
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fuel
line
storage tank
pressure
tank
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CN110735737A (zh
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M·菲尔埃克
D·施尼特格
J·费尔斯特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
    • F02M21/0236—Multi-way valves; Multiple valves forming a multi-way valve system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0245—High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于低温燃料(2)、尤其用于液化天然气的存储箱(12)，所述存储箱包括限界箱内部空间(3)的箱壁(4)，至少一个第一管路(5)和至少一个回流管路(6)穿过所述箱壁被引导到所述箱内部空间(3)中，其中，所述第一管路(5)用于提取燃料、尤其处于液相中的燃料。所述回流管路(6)构造为用于将燃料的回流量引回并且具有至少一个下管路(27)和至少一个上管路(26)，其中，所述下管路(27)布置在所述存储箱(12)的底部区域中，而所述上管路(26)布置在所述存储箱(12)的顶部区域中。

Description

存储箱、燃料输送装置和用于调节存储箱中的压力的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于低温燃料的存储箱、具有用于低温燃料的存储箱的燃料输送装置和用于调节存储箱中的压力的方法。低温燃料尤其可以是液化天然气(LNG)，该液化天然气适合作为用于在机动车上的内燃机的燃料储存。
背景技术
由现有技术充分已知一种机动车，该机动车的内燃机以气态燃料、例如天然气(NG,即“Natural Gas”)运行。在此，天然气可以液态(LNG,即“Liquid Natural Gas”)或气态(CNG，即“Compressed Natural Gas”)地保存在至少一个在机动车上携带的箱中。以液态形式储存具有以下优点：空间需求低。然而，天然气必须根据箱压力被冷却至约-100℃至-161℃的温度，以便使天然气液化。
由公开文献DE 101 05 819 A1已知一种用于给以低温燃料运行的车辆供给燃料的设备，该设备包括安装在车辆上的、真空绝缘的低温箱。该低温箱包围用于存储低温燃料的内部空间。低温箱经由供给管路与车辆的驱动总成连接。低温燃料在低温箱中作为深冷的液化气体存在。因为不能完全排除到低温箱的内部空间中的一定的热输入，所以存储的液态气体的一部分蒸发并且在低温箱中上升，使得在低温箱的内部空间中形成位于液体空间上方的气体空间。在此，供给管路可以在流体空间中或在气体空间中出发。经由通到气体空间中的充注管路进行低温箱的充注。
发明内容
本发明所提出的存储箱包括限界箱内部空间的箱壁，至少一个第一管路和回流管路穿过该箱壁被引导到箱内部空间中。第一管路用于提取呈液态形式的介质。所述第一管路限定布置在箱内部空间的底部区域中的提取位置。回流管路构造为用于将燃料的回流量引回并且具有至少一个下管路和至少一个上管路，其中，下管路布置在存储箱的底部区域中，而上管路布置在存储箱的顶部区域中。
燃料在约-140℃的温度下被存储在冷绝缘的存储箱中(例如，LNG箱、低温箱)。燃料由于低温而处于液相中。然而，对于马达运行需要明显更高的温度(约-20℃)。通过外部的热输入、例如通过阳光辐射或通过经由回流管路流回到存储箱中的被加热的燃料可以提高存储箱中燃料的温度。
存储箱中的燃料由于热输入可以经历物质状态的变化，使得燃料的一部分从液相转化为气相，该燃料部分引起存储箱中的压力升高。
根据本发明的存储箱和根据本发明的燃料输送装置具有以下优点：将燃料从回流管路这样地引回到存储箱中，使得避免暂时的压力峰值并且尽可能存在到沸点曲线连续的压力间距，使得气泡形成(在液态燃料内的气相燃料)最小化。
如果液态燃料被泵从存储箱吸出，则当低温燃料处于沸点特性曲线上时，小的压力降已经能够导致气泡形成。
本发明提出一种用于内燃机的燃料喷射装置的燃料输送装置，所述燃料输送装置具有至少一个泵，通过所述泵能够将燃料从上面所说明的存储箱输送到高压区域中，其中，所述高压区域具有缓冲箱和高压存储器，其中，所述回流管路与所述至少一个泵和/或压力调节器和/或所述缓冲箱连接。
本发明提出一种用于调节上面所说明的存储箱中的压力的方法，其中，所述控制装置这样地操控所述阀，使得所述存储箱中的压力处于预给定的范围内。
在下面说明根据本发明的存储箱和根据本发明的燃料输送装置的有利构型和扩展方案。
有利地，回流管路具有阀，其中，根据对阀的操控存在到上管路的连通和/或到下管路的连通，因为以这种方式能够快速且灵活地对压力变化作出反应。控制装置经由至少一个传感器求取存储箱中的燃料的状态参数、尤其压力，通过该控制装置可以快速地求出在存储箱内是否需要提高压力，以便避免临界的热力学状态。
有利地，阀布置在存储箱外，因为以这种方式更容易接近控制单元。在存储箱内布置也是有利的，因为减少了必须被引导穿过箱壁的管路数量。
此外，上管路和/或下管路至少区段地实施为具有多个开口的管。经由多个开口将燃料划分为更小份，这导致对于热交换有利的表面增大。以这种方式还更快或更有效地冷却引回的气体量。
设置在管中的开口可以任意地成型。所述开口例如可以实施为圆形或长形、尤其狭槽形。
一种用于调节存储箱中的压力的方法是特别有利的，在该方法中，控制装置这样地操控阀，使得存储箱中的压力处于预给定的范围内，因为以这种方式可以保证到沸点曲线的连续压力间距并且避免暂时的压力峰值。
一个特别的优点在于，不但产生来自燃料输送装置的泄漏量经由回流管路被引回到存储箱中的燃料，而且此外产生从高压区域和/或由至少一个泵的燃料的附加回流，用于引起存储箱中的压力升高。
根据本发明的用于调节存储箱中的压力的方法，打开到上管路的连通，以便引起快速的压力升高，而打开到下管路的连通，以便引起温和的压力升高。
根据本发明的用于调节存储箱中的压力的方法，使燃料从至少一个泵和/或压力调节器和/或缓冲箱溢流，以便引起存储箱中的压力升高。
附图说明
下面根据附图详细地阐述本发明的优选实施方式。附图示出了：
图1燃料输送装置的示意图，
图2根据第一实施例的存储箱的示意性的横截面，
图3根据第二实施例的存储箱的示意性的横截面。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出内燃机的燃料喷射装置，该燃料喷射装置具有燃料输送装置1。燃料输送装置1具有至少一个泵、尤其高压泵16和/或输送泵10，该输送泵从存储箱12输送燃料。
存储箱12可以构造为用于接收作为液化天然气(LNG)或处于液相中的气体存在的燃料。燃料被接收在被箱壁4限界的箱内部空间3中。
至少一个第一管路5和至少一个回流管路6穿过存储箱12的箱壁4被引导到箱内部空间3中，其中，第一管路5用于提取燃料、尤其处于液相中的燃料。回流管路6构造为用于将燃料回流量引回。
燃料输送装置1设计为用于输送处于液相中的气体作为燃料。在存储箱12中接收有在非常低的温度下处于液态物质状态中或者说处于液相中的气体。为了将气体保持在液态的物质状态或者说液相中，必须在存储箱12中将气体保存在非常低的温度下。在一个优选的构型中，存储箱12具有绝热装置，以便避免从外部到燃料中的热输入。
通过输送泵10将燃料输送到至少一个高压泵16的抽吸侧，该高压泵也是燃料输送装置1的组成部分。通过至少一个高压泵16将燃料输送到燃料喷射装置1的高压区域中。
输送泵10或者可以布置在存储箱12中或者可以布置在存储箱12外，并且将燃料压缩到第一压力水平，而高压泵16布置在输送泵10之后并且将燃料从第一压力水平压缩到第二压力水平、尤其500至600bar之间的压力水平。
高压区域包括缓冲箱18和高压存储器20，其中，高压存储器20与至少一个喷射器21连接，所述喷射器用于将燃料喷射到燃烧室中。
在缓冲箱18和高压存储器20之间布置有压力调节器19。压力调节器19能够实现在高压存储器20中调整所希望的压力关系，其方式是：该压力调节器调节从缓冲箱18流到高压存储器20中的燃料量。
在高压泵16和缓冲箱18之间布置有热交换器31。热交换器31将热能传递到在高压泵16和缓冲箱18之间的管路中的燃料上。
为了使多余燃料从高压区域溢流，高压存储器20可以经由高压管路41与回流管路6连接和/或压力调节器19可以经由高压管路42与回流管路6连接和/或缓冲箱18可以经由高压管路43与回流管路6连接。在高压管路41、42、43中可以根据需要分别布置有另一压力调节阀。
此外，泵管路40可以与回流管路6连接。泵管路40可以使高压泵16的泄漏量溢流，然而，泵管路40也可以使更大的燃料量溢流，该燃料量需要用于高压泵16的冷启动。尤其当燃料输送装置1投入运行时，高压泵16被冷启动。在此，一定量的液态燃料被高压泵16输送并且经由泵管路40被运送回存储箱12，直至高压泵16达到所希望的运行温度。
回流管路6构造为用于将燃料回流量引回并且具有至少一个下管路27和至少一个上管路26。下管路27布置在存储箱12的底部区域中，而上管路26布置在存储箱12的顶部区域中。
在回流管路6中布置有阀28，其中，根据阀28的操控存在到上管路26的连通和/或到下管路27的连通。
以这种方式能够根据阀28的操控将燃料回流量经由上管路26排出到存储箱12的顶部区域中或者经由下管路27排出到燃料箱12的底部区域中。
术语“底部区域”表明在存储箱12的按规定的安装和使用情况下箱内部空间的测绘学上位于低处的区域。这尤其可以是在底部附近的区域，该区域包括存储箱12的下四分之一。即燃料回流量出现在包含处于液相中的低温燃料的区域中。被引回的燃料量以这种方式与处于液相中的低温燃料混合，使得该被引回的燃料量快速且高效地冷却到存储箱12的温度。因此，在存储箱12中占主导的处于液相中的燃料和被引回的更热的、大部分存在于气相中的燃料之间的平衡不被干扰或仅无关紧要地被干扰。处于气相中的燃料被液化并且导致温和的压力升高。
术语“顶部区域”表明在存储箱12的按规定的安装和使用情况下箱内部空间的测绘学上位于高处的区域。这尤其可以是在顶部附近的区域，该区域包括存储箱12的上四分之一。即燃料回流量出现在包含处于气相中的燃料的区域中。被引回的燃料量以这种方式与处于气相中的低温燃料混合。在存储箱12中占主导的处于气相中的燃料和被引回的更热的燃料之间的平衡导致暂时地更快速的压力升高超过沸点特性曲线。
图2示出根据第一实施例的存储箱12的示意性的横截面。在此，阀28布置在存储箱12外。
下管路27至少区段地实施为具有多个开口17的管。因此，被引回的燃料量被分配到多个吹入位置上，由此，许多小气泡被输入到处于液相中的燃料中。
上管路26至少区段地实施为具有多个开口17的管。因此，被引回的燃料量被分配到多个喷入开口上，由此，燃料以喷雾的形式被带入到存储箱中。
阀28与控制装置29连接。该控制装置29可以经由至少一个传感器25求取存储箱12中的燃料的至少一个状态参数。在此，可能的状态参数是处于液相中的燃料的温度和压力。通过至少一个状态参数能够说明存储箱12中的燃料的热力学状态。根据状态参数、尤其根据存储箱12中的压力，通过控制装置29操控阀28，使得存储箱12中的压力处于预给定的范围内。
根据希望在存储箱12中的压力升高是更快的或还是更温和的，经由阀28打开到下管路27的连通或到上管路26的连通。为了引起压力的快速上升，打开到上管路26的连通。为了引起压力的温和上升，打开到下管路27的连通。
此外，可以有意识地使燃料从高压区域、尤其高压存储器20或缓冲箱18和/或由至少一个泵10、16溢流，以便引起存储箱12中的压力升高。
为了防止燃料经由回流管路6从存储箱12中流出，可以在回流管路6中布置止回阀。然而，该止回阀不是强制需要的，因为通过相应的压力关系也可以防止燃料经由回流管路6从存储箱12流出。
图3示出根据第二实施例的存储箱12的示意性的横截面。第二实施例与第一实施例的区别仅在于阀28的布置。在第二实施例中，阀28布置在存储箱12内或存储箱12外。
本发明并不局限于所示的实施方式，而是在权利要求的范围内也延伸到变型方案，尤其延伸到所示实施方式的特征的组合。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于低温燃料的存储箱(12)，所述存储箱包括限界箱内部空间(3)的箱壁(4)，至少一个第一管路(5)和至少一个回流管路(6)穿过所述箱壁被引导到所述箱内部空间(3)中，其中，所述第一管路(5)用于提取燃料，
其中，所述回流管路(6)构造为用于将燃料的回流量引回并且所述回流管路具有至少一个下管路(27)和至少一个上管路(26)，其中，所述下管路(27)布置在所述存储箱(12)的底部区域中，而所述上管路(26)布置在所述存储箱(12)的顶部区域中，
其特征在于，所述回流管路(6)具有阀(28)，所述阀(28)能够通过控制装置(29)被操控，使得所述存储箱(12)中的压力处于预给定的范围内，其中，根据对所述阀(28)的操控存在选择性地到所述上管路(26)的连通或到所述下管路(27)的连通，使得燃料的回流量经由所述上管路(26)排出到所述存储箱(12)的顶部区域中或经由所述下管路(27)排出到所述存储箱(12)的底部区域中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的存储箱(12)，
其特征在于，所述阀(28)布置在所述存储箱(12)内或布置在所述存储箱(12)外。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的存储箱(12)，
其特征在于，所述阀(28)能够被控制装置(29)操控，所述控制装置经由至少一个传感器(25)求取所述存储箱(12)中的燃料的热力学状态。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的存储箱(12)，
其特征在于，所述下管路(27)至少区段地实施为具有多个开口(17)的管。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的存储箱(12)，
其特征在于，所述上管路(26)至少区段地实施为具有多个开口(17)的管。
6.根据权利要求1所述的存储箱(12)，
其特征在于，所述低温燃料是液化天然气。
7.根据权利要求1所述的存储箱(12)，
其特征在于，所述第一管路(5)用于提取处于液相中的燃料。
8.一种用于内燃机的燃料喷射装置的燃料输送装置(1)，所述燃料输送装置具有至少一个泵(10,16)，通过所述泵能够将燃料从根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的存储箱(12)输送到高压区域中，其中，所述高压区域具有缓冲箱(18)、压力调节器(19)和高压存储器(20)，其中，所述回流管路(6)与所述至少一个泵(10,16)和/或所述压力调节器(19)和/或所述缓冲箱(18)连接。
9.一种用于调节在根据权利要求3所述的存储箱(12)中的压力的方法，其特征在于，所述控制装置(29)这样地操控所述阀(28)，使得所述存储箱(12)中的压力处于预给定的范围内。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，
其特征在于，打开到所述上管路(26)的连通，以便引起快速的压力升高，而打开到所述下管路(27)的连通，以便引起温和的压力升高。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，
其特征在于，使燃料从至少一个泵(10,16)和/或压力调节器(19)和/或缓冲箱(18)溢流，以便引起所述存储箱(12)中的压力升高。
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