CN104105821A - Method of manufacturing sliding bearing - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing sliding bearing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104105821A CN104105821A CN201280060596.3A CN201280060596A CN104105821A CN 104105821 A CN104105821 A CN 104105821A CN 201280060596 A CN201280060596 A CN 201280060596A CN 104105821 A CN104105821 A CN 104105821A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- method described
- arbitrary aforementioned
- bias
- ionogen
- sliding surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/10—Bearings
Abstract
A method of manufacturing a sliding bearing comprises providing a substrate as a cathode in an electrolyte within which a hard particulate is suspended, and depositing a composite layer of hard particulate embedded in a metallic matrix by applying a repeating cycle of bias pulses to the substrate wherein each cycle comprises a high cathodic bias portion and a further bias portion selected from the group consisting of a low cathodic bias portion, a zero cathodic bias portion and an anodic bias portion, and a sliding bearing manufactured by such a method.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method that sliding surface bearing is electroplate be incorporated into the composite bed of the hard particulate in metallic matrix, and more particularly but not exclusively relate to shell bearing and thrust washer.
Background
The tectum that the shell bearing of axle journal motor bearing (journaled engine bearing) conventionally comprises strong steel back sheet, air retaining wall and the operation surface of journal shaft is provided, for example common semi-cylindrical steel backing lining, copper base alloy air retaining wall and the tin on internal surface, tin-based alloy or the composite coating of hollow.
Provide in bearing liner layer particularly tectal increase wearability and improve in bearing liner layer particularly tectal fatigue strength expect.Configuration to the special challenge of bearing tectum performance by vehicles engine provides, to stop-starting operation fuel saving by use, wherein each vehicles stop, engine can stop, and this moves contrary with the conventional engine that wherein engine is held to move in whole strokes of the vehicles.With the engine comparison of the routine of operation configuration continuously in each whole vehicular travel, being arranged to the engine that stops-starting moving can restart its engine over 100 times of ground more continually.Be arranged to and stop-starting the specific problem that the engine of operation presents and produce, because motor bearing normally hydrokinetics is lubricated, when engine starting, be not almost with or without at first the lubricated bearing that is provided to, unloading phase during cause especially significantly wearing and tearing.
Proposed by making hard inorganic particles be attached in bearing tectum to increase the wearability of motor bearing, described hard inorganic particles is insoluble in fact plating ionogen.Exemplary material is for being attached in tin-based alloy matrix the hard particulate of aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide or norbide.Yet such composite bed of producing the hard particulate with high density by conventional electroplating technology is difficult, particularly in tin-based alloy matrix (for example tin of at least 50% weight), and the most in particular in the situation that pure tin matrix.
Disclosure general introduction
According to first aspect, the method for manufacturing sliding surface bearing is provided, described method comprises: in ionogen, provide base material as negative electrode, hard particulate is suspended in described ionogen; And by the bias pulse to the described substrate applications repeat cycle, deposit the composite bed that is embedded into the hard particulate in metallic matrix, wherein each cycle comprises high cathode bias part and other bias voltage part, and described other bias voltage partly selects the freely following group forming: low cathode bias part, zero cathode bias part and anodic bias part.
According to second aspect, provide the sliding surface bearing of manufacturing according to the method for first aspect.
According to the third aspect, the engine that comprises sliding surface bearing is provided, described sliding surface bearing is manufactured according to first aspect.
Described method can also comprise stirs ionogen to keep hard particulate in the mode of suspensoid.
Other bias voltage part can be low cathode bias part.
High cathode bias part can have at least 125% bias voltage of low cathode bias part.
Other bias voltage part can be zero cathode bias part.
Other bias voltage part can be anodic bias part.
The absolute value of anodic bias part can be between 0.25 times and 3.0 times of the absolute value of high cathode bias part (between 0.25 times and 3.0 times at value, but have contrary polarity).
Repeat cycle can have jagged equity curve, and wherein each cycle comprises monotonically increasing cathode bias.
Recurrence interval can have the duration of 5ms to 200ms, and preferably has the duration of 10ms to 100ms.
High cathode bias part can be comprised of 10% to 95% of the recurrence interval.
High cathode bias part can have 0.5A/dm
2to 10A/dm
2peak current density.
The average cathode current density in cycle is lower than 5A/dm
2.
Hard particulate can select the freely following group forming: TiCN, SiC, NbC, Si
3n
4, Al
2o
3, TiN and B
4c.
Suspensoid can comprise the hard particulate of every liter of ionogen 20g to 200g, and every liter of 40g to 100g preferably.
Metallic matrix can be the pure metal of removing incidental impurities.
Metallic matrix can be the pure Sn that removes incidental impurities.
Metallic matrix can be the metal alloy of removing incidental impurities.
Metallic matrix can be the Sn base alloy of removing incidental impurities.
Ionogen can be tin methane sulfonate ionogen.
Ionogen can comprise the Sn of 15g/l to 80g/l.
Ionogen can comprise whitening agent (brightener).
Sliding surface bearing can be shell bearing or thrust washer.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Embodiment of the present invention are further described with reference to accompanying drawing hereinafter, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic diagram of shell bearing;
Fig. 2 illustrates the first bias pulse curve;
Fig. 3 illustrates has the B being attached in Sn metallic matrix
4the SEM Photomicrograph in the cross section of the tectal sliding surface bearing of the hard particulate of C; And
Fig. 4 illustrates the second bias pulse curve; And
Fig. 5 illustrates the 3rd bias pulse curve.
Describe in detail
Fig. 1 illustrates the common semi-cylindrical shell bearing 1 of hollow, the composite coating 5 that described shell bearing 1 has steel backing lining 2, copper base alloy air retaining wall 3, nickel or cobalt diffusion barrier 4 and is incorporated into the hard particulate in Sn matrix.
The shell bearing that composite bed is deposited on it is provided in plating tank as negative electrode, and described plating tank holds the suspensoid of electroplating the carbon particulate in ionogen, and anode is formed by the material corresponding with metallic matrix, for example high-purity tin anode.
Ionogen is unleaded, tin methane sulfonate (MSA) ionogen (tin ion is in methylsulfonic acid), and this ionogen can comprise performance-enhancing additive, such as whitening agent and defoamer.For example ionogen can be from
the Bright Tin GBF30 acidic electrolysis plastome of Galvanotechnik, this acidic electrolysis plastome is used by forming below
the formula of composition: 13.0 liters of tin enriched material FS20 (it contains 310g/l tin (II)), 6.0 liters of GBF31Starter (beta naphthal polyglycol ethers of 20% weight to 25% weight, 1 of 1% weight to 2.5 weight, 2-dihydroxy-benzene, and the methacrylic of 1% weight to 2.5% weight), 0.4 liter of GBR32 whitening agent (2-isopropoxide ethanol of 35% weight to 50% weight, and 4-phenyl fourth-3-alkene-2-ketone of 5% weight to 10% weight), 11.0 liters of GBF33 supplement enriched material (Make Up Concentrate) (it is the MSA of 45% weight), and the deionized water that complements to the surplus of 100 liters.Form like this solution of 30g/l to 60g/l tin, yet the concentration of 15g/l to 80g/l can be used.Suspensoid is maintained at the temperature of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.Chemical constitution and pH keep by supplementing the chemical consuming between depositional stage.
The hard particulate with the granularity that is less than 7 μ m, such as norbide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide, niobium carbide, titanium nitride or carbon-titanium nitride, concentration with about 60g/l is suspended in (operation has been proved to be the hard particulate with 20g/l to 200g/l, preferably 40g/l to 70g/l) in solution.Ultrasonic and/or mechanical stirring is stirred and is used to keep hard particulate in the mode of suspensoid.
Cathode bias (being that negative bias is applied to the negative electrode relative with anode) produces the cathodic current negative current of anode (with respect to), described cathodic current drives the negative electrode to sliding surface bearing positively charged tin ion, and deposit tin ion is to cathode surface.For B is provided
4the combination of the reinforcement of the hard particulate of C, cathode bias in the pulse cycle of 10ms to 20ms under the cycle (although operation has been proved to be the pulse cycle cycle with 10ms to 40ms) by pulse regulation periodically.Peak cathode current density is at 0.5A/dm
2to 5A/dm
2between, and the average current density in the recurrence interval is 3.6A/dm at the most
2.
As shown in Figure 2, in one embodiment, there is high cathode bias V
hsegment pulse t
1with zero cathode bias V
0part t
2the bias pulse cycle used.High cathode bias is partly applied to 95% (preferably between 10% and 95%) at the most of recurrence interval, and produces high cathode current density.
By using pulse plating, can be bonded to equably the B of many 20% weight
4the hard particulate of C is in the tectal Sn metallic matrix of sliding surface bearing.Fig. 3 illustrates the sectional view of such layer, and wherein hard particulate 6 is rendered as black splotch in the metallic matrix of tectum 5.
Under constant cathodic current, the rate-constrained of metallic matrix deposition for example, in the mobility of ions of metal ion (tin ion), and this is due to the existence of depletion region on cathode surface in ionogen.Although it is upper to adhere to surface from the hard particulate of suspensoid, being slowly deposited on of the metal ion occurring under constant cathodic current is poor efficiency aspect surface particle is attached in settled layer, and along with metallic matrix layer growth, particulate stays from the teeth outwards on the contrary.On the contrary, during zero cathode bias part (and similarly during lower cathode bias part or during anodic bias part), the concentration of the metal ion of close cathode surface can increase, cause the deposition occurring during high cathode bias part to break out fast, this has increased hard particulate and has been attached to the efficiency in settled layer.
Selectively, as shown in Figure 4, the recurrence interval can have high cathode bias V alternately
hpart t
1' and low cathode bias V
lpart t
2'.High cathode bias V
hthan low cathode bias V
lat least 1.25 times greatly.Can there is in addition zero cathode bias part (being also referred to as the unused time), for example, after high cathode bias part.
In going back other embodiments, the bipolar pulse cycle can be used, and wherein anodic bias segment pulse (i.e. the contrary bias voltage relative with cathode bias) can be provided.For example, as shown in Figure 5, the recurrence interval can have high cathode bias V
hsegment pulse t
1", anodic bias V
rsegment pulse t
2", zero cathode bias V
0part t
3" and low cathode bias V
lpart t
4".It is bias voltage between-0.25 times and-3.0 times of bias voltage of high cathode bias part (be that its value is between 0.25 times and 3.0 times of value of bias voltage of high cathode bias part, but have contrary polarity) that anodic bias partly has.
Such anodic bias pulse can be removed metal ion from settled layer, metal ion near the high density of cathode surface is provided, also during high cathode bias segment pulse, increase sedimentation rate subsequently, also add strong particulate to the combination in the settled layer of metallic matrix.
Sliding surface bearing can be bearing liner or thrust washer, and it is inserted in the bearing assembly of engine.
In the description and claim of whole specification sheets, word " comprise " and " comprising " with and modification mean " including but not limited to ", and they are not intended part, additive, component, integer or step that (and can not) gets rid of other.In the description and claim of whole specification sheets, unless context separately has requirement, otherwise singulative comprises plural form.Especially, when using indefinite article, unless context separately has requirement, otherwise this explanation should be understood to contain plural number and odd number.
Unless incompatible with it, otherwise feature, integer, characteristic, compound, chemical part or the group of describing that combine with specific aspect of the present invention, embodiment or embodiment should be understood to be applicable to any other side described herein, embodiment or embodiment.Disclosed all features in this specification sheets (comprising any appending claims, summary and accompanying drawing), and/or the institute of disclosed any method like this or process in steps, can carry out combination with any combination, except wherein at least some such feature and/or step are mutually exclusive combination.The invention is not restricted to the details of any previous embodiments.The present invention extend in this specification sheets (comprising any appended claim, summary and the accompanying drawing) feature of any novelty or the combination of any novelty in disclosed feature extend to disclosed any method like this or the step of process in the step of any novelty or the combination of any novelty.
Reader's attention is directed into relevant and open all articles and the file for this explanation of public inspection with the application with this explanation while or submission before this explanation, and the content of all such articles and file is merged in herein by reference.
Claims (27)
1. manufacture a method for sliding surface bearing, described method comprises:
In ionogen, provide base material as negative electrode, hard particulate is suspended in described ionogen, and
By the bias pulse to the described substrate applications repeat cycle, deposit the composite bed that is embedded into the hard particulate in metallic matrix,
Wherein each cycle comprises high cathode bias part and other bias voltage part, and described other bias voltage partly selects the freely following group forming: low cathode bias part, zero cathode bias part and anodic bias part.
2. method according to claim 1, also comprises and stirs described ionogen to keep described hard particulate in the mode of suspensoid.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said other bias voltage is partly low cathode bias part.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein said high cathode bias partly has at least 125% bias voltage of described low cathode bias part.
5. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, wherein said other bias voltage is partly zero cathode bias part.
6. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, wherein said other bias voltage is partly anodic bias part.
7. method according to claim 6, the absolute value of wherein said anodic bias part is between 0.25 times and 3.0 times of the absolute value of described high cathode bias part.
8. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, the wherein said repeat cycle has jagged equity curve, and wherein each cycle comprises monotonically increasing cathode bias.
9. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, the wherein said recurrence interval has the duration of 5ms to 200ms.
10. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, wherein said high cathode bias part was comprised of 10% to 95% of the described recurrence interval.
11. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, and wherein said high cathode bias partly has 0.5A/dm
2to 10A/dm
2peak current density.
12. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, and the average cathode current density in wherein said cycle is lower than 5A/dm
2.
13. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, and wherein said hard particulate choosing is the following group forming freely: TiCN, SiC, NbC, Si
3n
4, Al
2o
3, TiN and B
4c.
14. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, the hard particulate that wherein said suspensoid comprises every liter of ionogen 20g to 200g.
15. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, and wherein said metallic matrix is the pure metal of removing incidental impurities.
16. methods according to claim 17, wherein said metallic matrix is the pure Sn that removes incidental impurities.
17. according to the method described in any one in claim 1 to 14, and wherein said metallic matrix is the metal alloy of removing incidental impurities.
18. methods according to claim 17, wherein said metallic matrix is the Sn base alloy of removing incidental impurities.
19. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, and wherein said ionogen is tin methane sulfonate ionogen.
20. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, the Sn that wherein said ionogen comprises 15g/l to 80g/l.
21. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, and wherein said ionogen comprises whitening agent.
22. according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim, and wherein said sliding surface bearing is shell bearing or thrust washer.
23. 1 kinds of sliding surface bearing, it is manufactured according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim.
24. 1 kinds of engines, it comprises the sliding surface bearing of manufacturing according to the method described in arbitrary aforementioned claim.
25. 1 kinds of methods of manufacturing sliding surface bearing, it is in fact as described above with reference to appended specification sheets and arbitrary accompanying drawing.
26. 1 kinds of sliding surface bearing, it is by fact as manufacture above with reference to appended specification sheets and the described method of arbitrary accompanying drawing.
27. 1 kinds of engines, it comprises the sliding surface bearing of manufacturing as the method for describing above with reference to appended specification sheets by fact.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1121175.2A GB2497520A (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2011-12-09 | Method of electroplating a bearing surface |
| GB1121175.2 | 2011-12-09 | ||
| PCT/GB2012/053037 WO2013083987A1 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2012-12-06 | Method of manufacture a sliding bearing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104105821A true CN104105821A (en) | 2014-10-15 |
Family
ID=45541461
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201280060596.3A Pending CN104105821A (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2012-12-06 | Method of manufacturing sliding bearing |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140353161A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2788533A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2015501881A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104105821A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112014013830A8 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2497520A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013083987A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110983393A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Silver-niobium carbide composite coating and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2529384A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-02-24 | Daido Metal Co | A plain bearing with composite interplayer |
| GB2535997A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-07 | Daido Metal Co | Composite coating for a plain bearing of an internal combustion engine and method of deposition |
| GB2550953A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-06 | Mahle Int Gmbh | Sliding component and method |
| US11466728B2 (en) | 2018-03-21 | 2022-10-11 | Tenneco Inc. | Bearing and method of manufacturing permitting high temperature heat treatment |
| RU2744104C1 (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-03-02 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает ФОНД ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ | Turbocharger shaft bearings |
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| CN110983393A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Silver-niobium carbide composite coating and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112014013830A2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
| WO2013083987A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
| BR112014013830A8 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
| GB2497520A (en) | 2013-06-19 |
| EP2788533A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| US20140353161A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
| GB201121175D0 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
| JP2015501881A (en) | 2015-01-19 |
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Application publication date: 20141015 |