CN104101760A - Micro-voltage measurement instrument - Google Patents
Micro-voltage measurement instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN104101760A CN104101760A CN201410363557.1A CN201410363557A CN104101760A CN 104101760 A CN104101760 A CN 104101760A CN 201410363557 A CN201410363557 A CN 201410363557A CN 104101760 A CN104101760 A CN 104101760A
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- resistance
- dish
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- step disc
- measurement
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-voltage measurement instrument provided with four stepping plates and two measuring ranges and used for DC (Direct Current) voltage measurement. Each stepping plate is composed of a measuring plate and a replacing plate having the same structure as the measuring plate. A resistor is welded between contacts of both the measuring plate and the replacing plate on the first stepping plate, and no resistor exists on the rest stepping plates. According to the micro-voltage measurement instrument, resistance of leads inside the micro-voltage measurement instrument, contact resistance and variation of a switch, and an influence from thermoelectric potential to the instrument can be ignored.
Description
Technical field
The instrument that the present invention relates to DC voltage to measure.
Background technology
The current small voltage measuring instrument for there being four step discs, in the connection between four step discs, telophragma generally adopts switching over, so just produces the variation of contact resistance, to resolution, brings restriction.In order to overcome this problem, generally adopt large brush with enlarge active surface, and adopt silver-carbon/carbon-copper composite material; Application number 200810120441.X discloses the new method that has the small voltage of four step discs measuring instrument to solve switch contact resistance variation, its four step discs all by measurement, are coiled and replacement dish forms, not containing bracket panel, on each measurement dish and replacement dish, there is resistance, measurement dish and replacement dish on its four step discs have formed bridge circuit in circuit, the defect of its maximum is that error is not independent, once it is overproof that certain some indicating value is coiled in measurement, just cannot determine which resistance is overproof causes, this makes troubles to identifying with maintenance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to design a kind of small voltage measuring instrument that has four step discs, it does not adopt bridge circuit, and error can be independent like this, and there is no resistance between rear three step disc contacts, and this can reduce costs, and reduces instrument volume.
Technical scheme of the present invention is taked like this: from range of adjustment, the anodal terminal of the external working power E between 6～7V passes through by 21 adjustable resistance R that 7 Ω resistance are in series small voltage measuring instrument
p1, by 22 adjustable resistance R that 0.32 Ω resistance is in series
p2, and the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment between 0～0.4 Ω
p3, again through four step discs and single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1to 152.8 Ω, set up resistance R
n, then through the adjustable resistance R of 0～0.2 Ω lockable sliding contact
p4get back to the external working power E negative pole terminal of range of adjustment between 6～7V and form small voltage measuring instrument work loop, from unsaturated standard cell E
nanodal through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2to 152.8 Ω, set up resistance R
nand the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment lockable sliding contact between 0～0.2 Ω
p4, then pass through 200K Ω resistance R
5to unsaturated standard cell E
nnegative pole forms small voltage measuring instrument standard loop, small voltage measuring instrument is used for connecting measured " U
x" two terminals, anodal terminal is after four measurement disks, then through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2to negative pole terminal, form small voltage measuring instrument equalizing network, it is characterized in that the first step disc is by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gears measurement dish I with have 0, 1, 2, the 10 replacement dish I ' compositions of totally 11 gears, between each grade of contact of measurement dish I and replacement dish I ', be connected resistance and be one of the resistance of 0.02 Ω, " 0 " contact of measurement dish I is circuit node A, and " 10 " contact of replacement dish I ' is circuit node B, and the second step disc is by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gears measurement dish II with have 0, 1, 2, the 10 replacement dish II ' compositions of totally 11 gears, the 3rd step disc is by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gears measurement dish III with have 0, 1, 2, the 10 replacement dish III ' compositions of totally 11 gears, the 4th step disc is by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gears measurement dish IV with have 0, 1, 2, the 10 replacement dish IV ' compositions of totally 11 gears, each contact in the second step disc on measurement dish II and replacement dish II ', each contact in the 3rd step disc on measurement dish III and replacement dish III ', each contact in the 4th step disc on measurement dish IV and replacement dish IV ', be connected the resistance R of 999.8 Ω for the first Metal Contact ring of step disc measurement dish I and the Metal Contact interannular of replacement dish I ' with the corresponding contact of replacement dish I ' with measurement dish I in the first step disc
1connect the resistance R of 9999.8 Ω for the second Metal Contact ring of step disc measurement dish II and the Metal Contact interannular of replacement dish II '
2connect the resistance R of 100K Ω for the 3rd Metal Contact ring of step disc measurement dish III and the Metal Contact interannular of replacement dish III '
3connect the resistance R of 1000K Ω for the 4th Metal Contact ring of step disc measurement dish IV and the Metal Contact interannular of replacement dish IV '
4connect, when the brush on each step disc measurement dish rotates with the brush on replacement dish, synchronize, " 0 " contact of measurement dish I is node A, and node A connects adjustable resistance R through node C
p3cold end, another road of node C is through 1000 Ω resistance r
1connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1in * 1 range contact, " 10 " contact of replacement dish I ' is that circuit node B is through the resistance R of 99.91 Ω
5connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1in * 5 range contacts, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1in * 5 range contacts and * 1 range contact between with 4000 Ω resistance r
2connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1in normally closed contact connect 152.8 Ω and set up resistance R
nhot end, 152.8 Ω set up resistance R
nadjustable resistance R through 0～0.2 Ω lockable sliding contact
p4connect the external working power E negative pole of small voltage measuring instrument terminal, small voltage measuring instrument is used for connecting measured " U
x" two measure terminals, anodal terminal is connected with node A, negative pole terminal is through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2be connected with the 10th contact of measurement dish I afterwards.
By above technical scheme, second, third, all there is no resistance between the 4th step disc contact, four step disc errors are independent, and four step disc errors are consistent, this brings convenience to debugging and maintenance, also makes small voltage measuring instrument simple in structure, volume-diminished, thus production cost reduced; When the reset of small voltage measuring instrument four measurement disks, the internal wiring combined potential of small voltage measuring instrument is A point current potential, some current potentials are " 0 ", so the zero potential of this small voltage measuring instrument is very little, the thermoelectrical potential of four several μ V of each branch road of step disc is all connected in the voltage drop of Yi Fuwei unit, so thermoelectrical potential is to " U
x" two measure terminals impact and can ignore.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic circuit of the present invention.
In Fig. 1, the adjustable resistance R of 21 * 7 Ω
p1, represent adjustable resistance R
p1on have the series connection of resistance that 21 resistances are 7 Ω, in like manner, the adjustable resistance R of 22 * 0.32 Ω
p2, represent adjustable resistance R
p2on have the series connection of resistance that 22 resistances are 0.32 Ω, 10 * 0.02 Ω on the first step disc measurement dish I and replacement dish I ', expression measurement dish I has the resistance that 10 resistances are 0.02 Ω to connect with on replacement dish I ',
In Fig. 1, on step disc, thick black line represents Metal Contact ring, and hollow small circle represents hard contact, and four-headed arrow represents metallic brush.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, in Fig. 1, when between node A, Node B, in four step discs, any one step disc rotates, the resistance that electric current flows through measurement dish to be increased equals electric current and flows through the resistance that replacement dish reduces, vice versa, so, what indicating value four step discs no matter put, and this step disc resistance value between node A and Node B is constant, and this can guarantee four step discs no matter put what indicating value, each step disc resistance ratio is substantially constant, also guarantees that the electric current of each step disc is substantially constant.
At * 5 ranges, four step discs about 1000K of all-in resistance Ω/1111 between node A, Node B, add the resistance R of 99.91 Ω
5after be 1000 ohm, node C is through 1000 Ω resistance r
1and 4000 Ω resistance r
2to single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1in * resistance value is 5000 ohm during 5 range contact, so flow through the electric current of four step discs between node A, Node B, is 5.555mA, flows through 1000 Ω resistance r
1and 4000 Ω resistance r
2electric current be 1.111mA, at * 1 range, the resistance between node A, Node B, adds the resistance R of 99.91 Ω
5after 1000 ohm, add 4000 Ω resistance r
2resistance is 5000 ohm, so flow through the electric current of four step discs between node A, Node B, is 1.111mA, flows through 1000 Ω resistance r
1electric current be 5.555mA.The total standard operation current design of small voltage measuring instrument becomes 6.666mA.
Electric current is divided into four tunnels after A: a road is through the first step disc, and a road is through the second step disc, and a road is through the 3rd step disc, and a road is through the 4th step disc, and four road electric currents meet at Node B.
Each step disc resistance ratio: the first step disc: the second step disc: the 3rd step disc: the 4th step disc=1: 10: 10
2: 10
3so,, flow through each step disc current ratio: the first step disc: the second step disc: the 3rd step disc: the 4th step disc=10
3: 10
2: 10: 1.
At * 5 ranges, standard operation electric current flows through the first step disc 5mA, flows through the second step disc 0.5mA, flows through the 3rd step disc 0.05mA, and flowing through the 4th step disc is 0.005mA, and at this moment each stepping of the first step disc is 1 * 10
-1mV, each stepping of the second step disc is 1 * 10
-2mV, the 3rd each stepping of step disc is 1 * 10
-3mV, the 4th each stepping of step disc is 1 * 10
-4mV, the resistance of the first step disc between node A, B is 1000 Ω, the switch contact resistance variation of measurement dish and replacement dish is generally less than 2 * 10
-4Ω, variation causes that error can ignore, the second step disc three step discs backward, measurement dish Metal Contact ring is larger with the resistance that the Metal Contact interannular of replacement dish is connected, and the impact of switch contact resistance variation more can be ignored.
After working current standardization, I measurement dish is thrown n
1, II measurement dish is thrown n
2, III measurement dish is thrown n
3, IV measurement dish is thrown n
4, K switch is thrown to the left side, is at this moment positioned at voltage between two terminals of measurement to be:
U
X＝5×0.02n
1+0.5×0.02n
2+0.05×0.02n
3+0.005×0.02n
4(mv)
U
X＝0.1n
1+0.01n
2+0.001n
3+0.0001n
4(mv)
When * 1 range, it is 1mA that standard operation electric current flows through the first step disc, and flowing through the second step disc is 0.1mA, and flowing through the 3rd step disc is 0.01mA, and flowing through the 4th step disc is 0.001mA, and at this moment each stepping of the first step disc is 1 * 10
-2mV, each stepping of the second step disc is 1 * 10
-3mV, the 3rd each stepping of step disc is 1 * 10
-4mV, the 4th each stepping of step disc is 1 * 10
-5mV, after working current standardization, I measurement dish is thrown n
1, II measurement dish is thrown n
2, III measurement dish is thrown n
3, IV measurement dish is thrown n
4, K switch is thrown to the left side, is at this moment positioned at voltage between two terminals of measurement to be:
U
X＝1×0.02n
1+0.1×0.02n
2+0.01×0.02n
3+0.001×0.02n
4(mv)
U
X＝0.01n
1+0.001n
2+0.0001n
3+0.00001n
4(mv)
Small voltage measuring instrument working power can adopt YJ49 type high stability adjustable stabilized voltage supply, and this small voltage measuring instrument measurement dish adopts this smaller resistance of 0.02 Ω, is when measuring small voltage, reduces the requirement to galvanometer sensitivity.
In standard loop, for avoiding loop current excessive, adopt 200K Ω resistance R
5carry out current limliting, because the electromotive force of unsaturated standard cell is discrete, between 1.0188V～1.0196V, standardized working current is 6.666mA, therefore sets up resistance R
nget 152.8 Ω, the lockable adjustable resistance R of additional 0～0.2 Ω
p4, variation range that can coverage criteria cell emf.
The standard operation electric current of small voltage measuring instrument is such acquisition: 1mV standard signal voltage by polarity and small voltage measuring instrument " U
x" two measure terminal and connect, the total indicating value of each step disc of small voltage measuring instrument is identical with standard signal magnitude of voltage, double-point double-throw switch K
2throw to the left side, regulate adjustable resistance R
p1, adjustable resistance R
p2and adjustable resistance R
p3, make galvanometer G nulling; Again by double-point double-throw switch K
2throw to the right, regulate adjustable resistance R
p4, make galvanometer G nulling, then after repeating once, adjustable resistance R
p4locking, at this moment the working current of small voltage measuring instrument is with regard to standardization, when instrument uses, first proofreads standard, in the time of carrying out reading to reading dial, reading again after check and correction standard.
Claims (1)
1. a small voltage measuring instrument that has four measurement disks, from range of adjustment, the anodal terminal of the external working power E between 6～7V passes through by 21 adjustable resistance R that 7 Ω resistance are in series small voltage measuring instrument
p1, by 22 adjustable resistance R that 0.32 Ω resistance is in series
p2, and the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment between 0～0.4 Ω
p3, again through four step discs and single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1to 152.8 Ω, set up resistance R
n, then through the adjustable resistance R of 0～0.2 Ω lockable sliding contact
p4get back to the external working power E negative pole terminal of range of adjustment between 6～7V and form small voltage measuring instrument work loop, from unsaturated standard cell E
nanodal through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2to 152.8 Ω, set up resistance R
nand the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment lockable sliding contact between 0～0.2 Ω
p4, then pass through 200K Ω resistance R
5to unsaturated standard cell E
nnegative pole forms small voltage measuring instrument standard loop, small voltage measuring instrument is used for connecting measured " U
x" two terminals, anodal terminal is after four measurement disks, then through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2to negative pole terminal, form small voltage measuring instrument equalizing network, it is characterized in that the first step disc is by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gears measurement dish I with have 0, 1, 2, the 10 replacement dish I ' compositions of totally 11 gears, between each grade of contact of measurement dish I and replacement dish I ', be connected resistance and be one of the resistance of 0.02 Ω, " 0 " contact of measurement dish I is circuit node A, and " 10 " contact of replacement dish I ' is circuit node B, and the second step disc is by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gears measurement dish II with have 0, 1, 2, the 10 replacement dish II ' compositions of totally 11 gears, the 3rd step disc is by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gears measurement dish III with have 0, 1, 2, the 10 replacement dish III ' compositions of totally 11 gears, the 4th step disc is by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gears measurement dish IV with have 0, 1, 2, the 10 replacement dish IV ' compositions of totally 11 gears, each contact in the second step disc on measurement dish II and replacement dish II ', each contact in the 3rd step disc on measurement dish III and replacement dish III ', each contact in the 4th step disc on measurement dish IV and replacement dish IV ', be connected the resistance R of 999.8 Ω for the first Metal Contact ring of step disc measurement dish I and the Metal Contact interannular of replacement dish I ' with the corresponding contact of replacement dish I ' with measurement dish I in the first step disc
1connect the resistance R of 9999.8 Ω for the second Metal Contact ring of step disc measurement dish II and the Metal Contact interannular of replacement dish II '
2connect the resistance R of 100K Ω for the 3rd Metal Contact ring of step disc measurement dish III and the Metal Contact interannular of replacement dish III '
3connect the resistance R of 1000K Ω for the 4th Metal Contact ring of step disc measurement dish IV and the Metal Contact interannular of replacement dish IV '
4connect, when the brush on each step disc measurement dish rotates with the brush on replacement dish, synchronize, " 0 " contact of measurement dish I is node A, and node A connects adjustable resistance R through node C
p3cold end, another road of node C is through 1000 Ω resistance r
1connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1in * 1 range contact, " 10 " contact of replacement dish I ' is that circuit node B is through the resistance R of 99.91 Ω
5connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1in * 5 range contacts, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1in * 5 range contacts and * 1 range contact between with 4000 Ω resistance r
2connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1in normally closed contact connect 152.8 Ω and set up resistance R
nhot end, 152.8 Ω set up resistance R
nadjustable resistance R through 0～0.2 Ω lockable sliding contact
p4connect the external working power E negative pole of small voltage measuring instrument terminal, small voltage measuring instrument is used for connecting measured " U
x" two measure terminals, anodal terminal is connected with node A, negative pole terminal is through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2be connected with the 10th contact of measurement dish I afterwards.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410363557.1A CN104101760B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Micro-voltage measurement instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410363557.1A CN104101760B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Micro-voltage measurement instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104101760A true CN104101760A (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| CN104101760B CN104101760B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410363557.1A Withdrawn - After Issue CN104101760B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Micro-voltage measurement instrument |
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Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101059535A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-24 | 方李 | Two-range portable potentiometer |
| CN101063689A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-31 | 张春雷 | Potential difference meter with four measuring dish |
| CN201053997Y (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-04-30 | 张春雷 | Two-range DC potentiometer |
| CN101776705A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-07-14 | 骆洪亮 | Potentiometer with four step plates |
| CN103760398A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-04-30 | 孙笑声 | 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument |
| CN204008798U (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-12-10 | 袁乐香 | Small voltage measuring instrument |
-
2014
- 2014-07-24 CN CN201410363557.1A patent/CN104101760B/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101059535A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-24 | 方李 | Two-range portable potentiometer |
| CN101063689A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-31 | 张春雷 | Potential difference meter with four measuring dish |
| CN201053997Y (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-04-30 | 张春雷 | Two-range DC potentiometer |
| CN101776705A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-07-14 | 骆洪亮 | Potentiometer with four step plates |
| CN103760398A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-04-30 | 孙笑声 | 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument |
| CN204008798U (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-12-10 | 袁乐香 | Small voltage measuring instrument |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 左卫群: "电位差计实验仪器匹配与控制电路的设计思考", 《桂林电子工业学院学报》 * |
| 巩晓阳 等: "UJ36a型电位差计的电源改进与应用", 《广西物理》 * |
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|---|---|
| CN104101760B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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