CN103760398A - 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument - Google Patents
0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN103760398A CN103760398A CN201110459642.4A CN201110459642A CN103760398A CN 103760398 A CN103760398 A CN 103760398A CN 201110459642 A CN201110459642 A CN 201110459642A CN 103760398 A CN103760398 A CN 103760398A
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- resistance
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- measurement dish
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Abstract
A 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument is provided. The 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument is used for direct current voltage measurement. According to the 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument, a first stepping disc is formed by a measuring disc composed of 23 1-ohm resistors; a second stepping disc is composed of a measuring disc and a replacement disc, wherein the measuring disc is composed of 10 0.1-ohm resistors; a third stepping disc is composed of a measuring disc and a replacement disc, wherein the measuring disc is composed of 10 0.1-ohm resistors; each contact on a fourth stepping disc and a five stepping disc is connected with corresponding contacts on the measuring disc in the third stepping disc, such that the fourth stepping disc and the five stepping disc do not need any resistors; the voltage measuring instrument has two measuring ranges; the minimum resolution of the voltage measuring instrument is 0.1 micro V; the second stepping disc adopts special wiring, such that voltage on lead resistors inside the voltage measuring instrument is almost zero; and when the 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument is utilized to perform measurement, the influence of zero potential and thermoelectric potential can be ignored.
Description
Technical field
The instrument that the present invention relates to DC voltage to measure.
Background technology
The current pressure measuring instrument for there being a five steppings dish, during rotary step switch, for holding circuit resistance constant, its five step discs all by measurement, are coiled and replacement dish forms, the stepping of some a pressure measuring instrument dish has also been used bracket panel, owing to there being bracket panel, increased the switch number of plies of step disc, thereby increased the volume of instrument, also make switch and apparatus structure become complicated, if particularly find in instrument verification process that step disc measurement data is overproof, the switch internal layer resistance that revise step disc bothers very much.Application number 200810121910.X discloses the new method that has the pressure measuring instrument of five step discs solution never to adopt bracket panel, its five step discs all by measurement, are coiled and replacement dish forms, not containing bracket panel, on each measurement dish and replacement dish, there is resistance, measurement dish and replacement dish on its five step discs have formed bridge circuit in circuit, the defect of its maximum is that error is not independent, once it is overproof that certain some indicating value is coiled in measurement, just cannot determine which resistance is overproof causes, this makes troubles to identifying with maintenance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to design a kind of pressure measuring instrument that has five step discs, it does not adopt bridge circuit, and error can be independent like this, and latter two step disc only has measurement dish, on measurement dish, there is no resistance, and this can reduce costs, and reduces instrument volume.And adopt two ranges, make resolution reach 0.1 μ V.
Technical scheme of the present invention is taked like this: from pressure measuring instrument 3V working power positive pole through 40 Ω resistance R
0, the adjustable resistance R that formed by 21 2.5 Ω resistance
p1, the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment between 0～2.7 Ω
p2, the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment between 0～0.15 Ω
p3, then through five step discs, get back to the negative pole composition pressure measuring instrument work loop of working power, standard cell E
nanodal through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2to 92.6 Ω, set up resistance R
nand the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment lockable sliding contact between 0～0.2 Ω
p4, then pass through 150K Ω resistance R
3to standard cell E
nnegative pole composition pressure measuring instrument standard loop, be used for connecting measured " U
x" two terminals, anodal terminal is after five measurement dishes, then through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2to negative pole terminal composition pressure measuring instrument equalizing network, it is characterized in that the first step disc has measurement dish I, it has 0, 1, 2, 23 totally 24 gears, except the 0th, outside the 1st contact, between all the other each grade of contacts, connect one of 1 Ω resistance, the second step disc is all by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gear measurement dish II and replacement dish II ' compositions, measurement dish II is except the 0th, outside the 1st contact, measurement dish II and replacement dish II ' are connected one of 0.1 Ω resistance between each grade of contact, the measurement dish III that the 3rd step disc respectively consists of 10 0.1 Ω resistance and replacement dish III ' form, the measurement dish IV of the 4th step disc, each contact on the measurement dish V of the 5th step disc connects with the corresponding contact on measurement dish in the 3rd step disc, adjustable resistance R
p3electronegative potential one end be circuit node C, electric current is divided into two-way after node C: a road connects the Metal Contact ring of replacement dish II ' in the second step disc, replacement dish II ' the 10th contact connects the 23rd contact of measurement dish I, the 1st contact of measurement dish I connects the Metal Contact ring of measurement dish II after a 1 Ω resistance, the 0th contact of measurement dish I connects the 10th contact of measurement dish II, the 0th contact of measurement dish II and the 0th contact tie point of measurement dish III are circuit node A, the 1st contact of measurement dish II is connecting circuit node A after a 0.1 Ω resistance, the Metal Contact ring of the measurement dish V of the 5th step disc is through 100K Ω resistance R
4, measurement dish IV Metal Contact ring through 10K Ω resistance R
5all be connected in circuit node B, the 10th contact of replacement dish III ' is through 999 Ω resistance R
6b is connected with circuit node, and circuit node A is through 112.486 Ω resistance R
3connecting circuit Node B, another road is through 124 Ω resistance R
1with 1116 Ω resistance R
2one end and single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1× 0.1 range contact connection, 1116 Ω resistance R
2the other end be connected single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K with Node B
1× 1 range contact, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1normally closed contact through 92.6 Ω set up resistance R
nwith adjustable resistance R
p4be connected with the negative pole of pressure measuring instrument working power afterwards, be used for connecting measured " U
x" two measure terminals, anodal terminal is connected with the Metal Contact ring of measurement dish I, negative pole terminal is through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2be connected with the 10th contact of measurement dish III afterwards.
By above technical scheme, the first step disc need not replacement dish, all replacement dishes not of the 4th, the 5th step disc, and four, on the measurement dish of the 5th step disc, all there is no resistance, five step disc errors are independent, and the error that rear two dish synchronised forward (FWD)s come is consistent, and this brings convenience to debugging and maintenance; Also make pressure measuring instrument simple in structure, volume-diminished, thus reduced production cost; When five measurement dish resets of pressure measuring instrument, the internal wiring combined potential of pressure measuring instrument is A point current potential, and some current potentials are " 0 ", so the zero potential of this pressure measuring instrument is very little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is principle of the invention circuit.
In Fig. 1, the resistance of measurement dish II and upper 10 × 0.1 Ω of replacement dish II ' in the second step disc, represents that measurement dish II and replacement dish II ' are respectively comprised of the resistance of 10 0.1 Ω, in like manner upper 23 × 1 Ω of measurement dish I, expression measurement dish I by 23 1 Ω resistance, formed, adjustable resistance R
p1the expression adjustable resistance R of upper 21 × 2.5 Ω
p1by 21 2.5 Ω resistance, formed.
In Fig. 1, on step disc and temperature compensation dish, thick black line represents Metal Contact ring, and hollow small circle represents hard contact, and four-headed arrow represents metallic brush.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1, in the second step disc, measurement dish II is identical with the resistance value of the each stepping of replacement dish II ', is all 0.1 Ω, and the measurement dish II resistance that every stepping increases in circuit equals the resistance that the every stepping of replacement dish II ' reduces, so total resistance is constant in circuit; The 3rd step disc carrys out holding circuit with measurement dish III and replacement dish III ' and always hinders invariance principle with the second step disc.
During the standardization of pressure measuring instrument working current, being designed to 11mA, when × 1 range, is 124 Ωs through five step discs to Node B resistance from node C, from node C process resistance R
2node B resistance is 1240 Ω, five step discs so 10mA working current is flowed through, the 1mA working current resistance R of flowing through
1, resistance R
2; When × 0.1 range, from node C, through five step discs, to Node B resistance, be 124 Ω, series connection 1116 Ω resistance R
2after resistance be 1240 Ω, five step discs so 1mA working current is flowed through, the 10mA working current resistance R of flowing through
1;
When × 1 range, pressure measuring instrument 10mA working current is divided into four tunnels through first, second step disc after node A: a road is through measurement dish IV, and a road is through measurement dish V, and another road is through the 3rd step disc, and Zai Yi road is through 112.486 Ω resistance R
3, four road electric currents meet at Node B.Except process resistance R
3outside branch road, each branch road resistance ratio between node A, Node B: measurement dish V: measurement dish IV: the 3rd step disc=100: 10: 1, so, except flowing through resistance R
3outside branch road, flow through each branch current ratio between node A, Node B and be: measurement dish V: measurement dish IV: the 3rd step disc=1st: 10: 100, except resistance R
3outside branch road, between node A, Node B, resistance is 100K Ω/111, allows the total current that flows through measurement dish V, measurement dish IV and the 3rd step disc be 1.11mA, flows through resistance R
3electric current be 8.89mA, 8.89mA × R
3=100K Ω/111 × 1.11mA, resistance R
3=112.486 Ω.Pressure measuring instrument 10mA working current is through resistance R
3shunting, making to flow through measurement dish V electric current is 0.01mA, and measurement dish IV electric current is 0.1mA, and the 3rd step disc electric current is 1mA; When each step disc is put different indicating value, between node A and Node B, resistance changes, resistance resistance R between node A and Node B
aBrepresent, each step disc resistance variable is X, 1/R
aB=1/ (100K Ω+X)+1/ (10K Ω+X)+1/1K Ω+889/100K Ω
Both sides differentiate: (1/R
aB{ 1/ (100K+X)+1/ (10K+X)+1/ (1000)+889/100K} ' of) '=
-R
AB′/R
AB 2＝{-1/(100K+X)
2-1/(10K+X)
2+0+0}
R
AB′＝{1/(100K+X)
2+1/(10K+X)
2}R
AB 2
R
aBderivative be on the occasion of, so when the 3rd step disc resistance variable increases, total resistance R between node A and Node B
aBincrease.Resistance minimum between node A and Node B during each step disc reset indicating value, at this moment between node A, B, resistance is 100 Ω, resistance R between node A and Node B when each step disc is put " 10 " indicating value
aBmaximum, at this moment resistance R between node A, B
aBbe about 100.002 Ω, than minimum indicating value large 2/100000ths, therefore, when pressure measuring instrument precision is not higher than 2/10000ths time, no matter what indicating value each step disc puts, between node A, B, change in resistance can be ignored.
In standard loop, for avoiding loop current excessive, adopt 150K Ω resistance R
3carry out current limliting, because the electromotive force of unsaturated standard cell is discrete, between 1.0188V～1.0196V, standardized working current is 11mA, therefore sets up resistance R
nget 92.6 Ω, the lockable adjustable resistance R of additional 0～0.2 Ω
p4, variation range that can coverage criteria cell emf.
The standard operation electric current of pressure measuring instrument is such acquisition: 200mV standard signal voltage by polarity and pressure measuring instrument " U
x" two measure terminal and connect, the total indicating value of the each step disc of pressure measuring instrument is identical with standard signal magnitude of voltage, double-point double-throw switch K
2throw to the left side, regulate adjustable resistance R
p1, R
p2and adjustable resistance R
p3, make galvanometer G nulling; Again by double-point double-throw switch K
2throw to the right, regulate adjustable resistance R
p4, make galvanometer G nulling, then after repeating once, adjustable resistance R
p4locking, at this moment the working current of pressure measuring instrument is with regard to standardization.
When A-battery is new, electromotive force is about 1.65V, with old when following to 1.4V, and electric current shakiness, in order to make A-battery can make the working current of voltage-measuring equipment be adjusted to standardization under new, former affection condition, resistance R for this reason
0get 40 Ω, the adjustable resistance R of coarse adjustment
p1by 21 2.5 Ω resistance, formed the adjustable resistance R of middle tune
p2get range of adjustment between 0～2.7 Ω, the adjustable resistance R of fine tuning
p3get range of adjustment between 0～0.15 Ω, like this, when working power voltage is during at 2.7～3.3V, can, by regulating adjustable resistance, working current be adjusted in to 11mA, working power can adopt two groups of A-battery series-feds, also can external power supply.
Claims (1)
1. a pressure measuring instrument for 0.1 μ V resolution, from pressure measuring instrument 3V working power positive pole through 40 Ω resistance R
0, the adjustable resistance R that formed by 21 2.5 Ω resistance
p1, the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment between 0～2.7 Ω
p2, the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment between 0～0.15 Ω
p3, then through five step discs, get back to the negative pole composition pressure measuring instrument work loop of working power, standard cell E
nanodal through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2to 92.6 Ω, set up resistance R
nand the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment lockable sliding contact between 0～0.2 Ω
p4, then pass through 150K Ω resistance R
3to standard cell E
nnegative pole composition pressure measuring instrument standard loop, be used for connecting measured " U
x" two terminals, anodal terminal is after five measurement dishes, then through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2to negative pole terminal composition pressure measuring instrument equalizing network, it is characterized in that the first step disc has measurement dish I, it has 0, 1, 2, 23 totally 24 gears, except the 0th, outside the 1st contact, between all the other each grade of contacts, connect one of 1 Ω resistance, the second step disc is all by having 0, 1, 2, 10 totally 11 gear measurement dish II and replacement dish II ' compositions, measurement dish II is except the 0th, outside the 1st contact, measurement dish II and replacement dish II ' are connected one of 0.1 Ω resistance between each grade of contact, the measurement dish III that the 3rd step disc respectively consists of 10 0.1 Ω resistance and replacement dish III ' form, the measurement dish IV of the 4th step disc, each contact on the measurement dish V of the 5th step disc connects with the corresponding contact on measurement dish in the 3rd step disc, adjustable resistance R
p3electronegative potential one end be circuit node C, electric current is divided into two-way after node C: a road connects the Metal Contact ring of replacement dish II ' in the second step disc, replacement dish II ' the 10th contact connects the 23rd contact of measurement dish I, the 1st contact of measurement dish I connects the Metal Contact ring of measurement dish II after a 1 Ω resistance, the 0th contact of measurement dish I connects the 10th contact of measurement dish II, the 0th contact of measurement dish II and the 0th contact tie point of measurement dish III are circuit node A, the 1st contact of measurement dish II is connecting circuit node A after a 0.1 Ω resistance, the Metal Contact ring of the measurement dish V of the 5th step disc is through 100K Ω resistance R
4, measurement dish IV Metal Contact ring through 10K Ω resistance R
5all be connected in circuit node B, the 10th contact of replacement dish III ' is through 999 Ω resistance R
6b is connected with circuit node, and circuit node A is through 112.486 Ω resistance R
3connecting circuit Node B, another road is through 124 Ω resistance R
1with 1116 Ω resistance R
2one end and single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1× 0.1 range contact connection, 1116 Ω resistance R
2the other end be connected single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K with Node B
1× 1 range contact, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K
1normally closed contact through 92.6 Ω set up resistance R
nwith adjustable resistance R
p4be connected with the negative pole of pressure measuring instrument working power afterwards, be used for connecting measured " U
x" two measure terminals, anodal terminal is connected with the Metal Contact ring of measurement dish I, negative pole terminal is through being connected to the double-point double-throw switch K of galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts
2be connected with the 10th contact of measurement dish III afterwards.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110459642.4A CN103760398A (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2011-12-30 | 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110459642.4A CN103760398A (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2011-12-30 | 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103760398A true CN103760398A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110459642.4A Pending CN103760398A (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2011-12-30 | 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104101759A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-15 | 富阳兴远仪器仪表经营部 | Potentiometer with five stepping plates |
| CN104101760A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-15 | 富阳兴远仪器仪表经营部 | Micro-voltage measurement instrument |
| CN106124824A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-11-16 | 杭州戎密科技有限公司 | A kind of potential difference meter |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104101759A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-15 | 富阳兴远仪器仪表经营部 | Potentiometer with five stepping plates |
| CN104101760A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-15 | 富阳兴远仪器仪表经营部 | Micro-voltage measurement instrument |
| CN104101760B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2017-01-25 | 富阳兴远仪器仪表经营部 | Micro-voltage measurement instrument |
| CN104101759B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2017-02-01 | 富阳兴远仪器仪表经营部 | Potentiometer with five stepping plates |
| CN106124824A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-11-16 | 杭州戎密科技有限公司 | A kind of potential difference meter |
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Application publication date: 20140430 |
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