CN104101760B - Micro-voltage measurement instrument - Google Patents
Micro-voltage measurement instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN104101760B CN104101760B CN201410363557.1A CN201410363557A CN104101760B CN 104101760 B CN104101760 B CN 104101760B CN 201410363557 A CN201410363557 A CN 201410363557A CN 104101760 B CN104101760 B CN 104101760B
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- resistance
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- measuring plate
- step disc
- disk
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-voltage measurement instrument provided with four stepping plates and two measuring ranges and used for DC (Direct Current) voltage measurement. Each stepping plate is composed of a measuring plate and a replacing plate having the same structure as the measuring plate. A resistor is welded between contacts of both the measuring plate and the replacing plate on the first stepping plate, and no resistor exists on the rest stepping plates. According to the micro-voltage measurement instrument, resistance of leads inside the micro-voltage measurement instrument, contact resistance and variation of a switch, and an influence from thermoelectric potential to the instrument can be ignored.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the instrument that DC voltage is measured.
Background technology
Currently for the small voltage measuring instrument having four step discs, in the connection between four step discs, telophragma
Commonly used switch switching, thus produces the variation of contact resistance, brings restriction to resolution ratio.In order to overcome this problem, one
As adopt big brush to increase contact area, and adopt a silver-colored carbon/carbon-copper composite material；Application number 200810120441.x has disclosed
The small voltage measuring instrument of four step discs solves the new method that switch contact resistance is deteriorated, and its four step discs are all by measuring
Disk and replacement disk composition, without bracket panel, each Measuring plate and replacement disk have resistance, the measurement on its four step discs
Disk and replacement disk constitute bridge circuit in circuit, and the defect of its maximum is that error is not independent, once Measuring plate point shows
Value is overproof, just cannot determine which resistance is overproof and cause, and this is made troubles with maintenance to identifying.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to design a kind of small voltage measuring instrument having four step discs, and it does not adopt bridge circuit,
So error can be independent, and does not have resistance between rear three step disc contacts, and this can reduce equipment instrument with reduces cost.
Technical scheme is so taken: small voltage measuring instrument external work between 6～7v from adjustable range
Make power supply e positive pole terminal through the adjustable resistance r being made up of 21 7 ω resistant seriesp1, be made up of 22 0.32 ω resistant series
Adjustable resistance rp2, and adjustable resistance r between 0～0.4 ω for the adjustable rangep3, again through four step discs and single-pole double throw
Switch k1Set up resistance r to 152.8 ωn, then the adjustable resistance r through 0～0.2 ω lockable sliding contactp4Return to regulation model
It is trapped among the external working power e negative pole terminal composition small voltage measuring instrument performance loop between 6～7v；Never saturation standard electric
Pond enPositive pole is connected to the double-point double-throw switch k of galvanometer g between two normally-closed contacts2Set up resistance r to 152.8 ωnAnd tune
The adjustable resistance r of adjusting range lockable sliding contact between 0～0.2 ωp4, then through 200k ω resistance r5To unsaturated standard
Battery enNegative pole forms small voltage measuring instrument standard loop；Small voltage measuring instrument is used for connecting measured " ux" two end
Button, positive pole terminal is after four measurement disks, then the double-point double-throw switch k being connected to galvanometer g between two normally-closed contacts2
Compensate loop to negative pole terminal composition small voltage measuring instrument；It is characterized in that the first step disc by having 0,1,2 ... 10 totally 11
Measuring plate i of individual gear with by 0,1,2 ... the replacement disk i ' of 10 totally 11 gears forms, Measuring plate i and each shelves of replacement disk i '
The resistance one that resistance is 0.02 ω is connected, " 0th " contact of Measuring plate i is circuit node a between contact, the of replacement disk i '
" 10 " contact is circuit node b, the second step disc is by having 0,1,2 ... 10 Measuring plate ii of totally 11 gears with have 0,1,
2nd ... the replacement disk ii ' composition of 10 totally 11 gears, the 3rd step disc is by having 0,1,2 ... the measurement of 10 totally 11 gears
Disk iii with by 0,1,2 ... the replacement disk iii ' of 10 totally 11 gears forms, the 4th step disc is by having 0,1,2 ... 10 altogether
Measuring plate iv of 11 gears with by 0,1,2 ... the replacement disk iv ' of 10 totally 11 gears forms, and measures in the second step disc
Each contact in Measuring plate iii and replacement disk iii ' in each contact on disk ii and replacement disk ii ', the 3rd step disc, the
In four step discs, Measuring plate iv is corresponding with replacement disk i ' with each contact on replacement disk iv ' and Measuring plate i in the first step disc
Contact portion, the metal contact ring of the first step disc Measuring plate i contacts the resistance with 999.8 ω for the interannular with the metal of replacement disk i '
r1Connect, the metal contact ring of the second step disc Measuring plate ii contacts the electricity with 9999.8 ω for the interannular with the metal of replacement disk ii '
Resistance r2Connect, the metal contact ring of the 3rd step disc Measuring plate iii contacts interannular 100k ω's with the metal of replacement disk iii '
Resistance r3Connect, the metal contact ring of the 4th step disc Measuring plate iv contacts interannular 1000k ω's with the metal of replacement disk iv '
Resistance r4Connect, the brush in each step disc Measuring plate and the brush on replacement disk are synchronous when rotating, " 0th " of Measuring plate i
Contact is node a, and node a connects adjustable resistance r through node cp3Cold end, another road of node c is through 1000 ω resistance
r1Connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) k1In × 1 range contact, replacement disk i ' " 10, contact is circuit node b through 99.91
The resistance r of ω5Connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) k1In × 5 range contacts, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) k1In × 5 range contacts and × 1
With 4000 ω resistance r between range contact2Connect, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) k1In normally-closed contact connect 152.8 ω set up resistance rnHigh
Potential end, 152.8 ω set up resistance rnAdjustable resistance r through 0～0.2 ω lockable sliding contactp4Connect small voltage to survey
Amount instrument external working power e negative pole terminal, small voltage measuring instrument is used for connecting measured " ux" two measurement terminals, positive pole
Terminal is connected with node a, and negative pole terminal is connected to the double-point double-throw switch k of galvanometer g between two normally-closed contacts2Afterwards with survey
10th contact portion of amount disk i.
By above technical scheme, between second, third, the 4th step disc contact, all there is no resistance, four step disc errors
Independent, and four step disc errors are consistent, this brings convenience to debugging with maintenance, also makes small voltage measuring instrument structure simple,
Volume-diminished, thus reduce production cost；When small voltage measuring instrument four measurement disks reset, small voltage measuring instrument
Internal wiring combined potential be a point current potential, some current potentials are " 0 ", so the zero potential very little of this small voltage measuring instrument, four
The thermoelectrical potential of each branch road of step disc several μ v is all connected in the voltage drop in units of lying prostrate, and therefore thermoelectrical potential is to " ux" two
Individual measurement terminal impact can be ignored.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic circuit of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In FIG, the adjustable resistance r of 21 × 7 ωp1, represent adjustable resistance rp1On have the resistance string that 21 resistances are 7 ω
Connection, in the same manner, the adjustable resistance r of 22 × 0.32 ωp2, represent adjustable resistance rp2On have the resistant series that 22 resistances are 0.32 ω,
10 × 0.02 ω in first step disc Measuring plate i and replacement disk i ', represent there are 10 resistances on Measuring plate i and replacement disk i '
It is the resistant series of 0.02 ω,
In FIG, on step disc, heavy black bar represents metal contact ring, and hollow small circle represents hard contact, two-way arrow
Head represents metallic brush.
Embodiment 1, in FIG, when in four step discs between node a, node b, any one step disc rotates, electric current
The resistance flowing through Measuring plate increase is equal to the resistance that electric current flows through the minimizing of replacement disk, vice versa, so, four step discs regardless of
Put what indicating value, this step disc resistance value between node a and node b is constant, no matter this can guarantee that what indicating value four step discs put,
Each step disc resistance ratio is basically unchanged, and also ensures that the electric current of each step disc is basically unchanged.
In × 5 ranges, four step discs all-in resistance about 1000k ω/1111 between node a, node b, add 99.91
The resistance r of ω5After be 1000 ohm, node c is through 1000 ω resistance r1And 4000 ω resistance r2To single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) k1In
During × 5 range contact, resistance value is 5 000 ohm, so the electric current flowing through four step discs between node a, node b is
5.555ma, flows through 1000 ω resistance r1And 4000 ω resistance r2Electric current be 1.111ma, in × 1 range, node a, node b it
Between resistance, add the resistance r of 99.91 ω51000 ohm afterwards, along with 4000 ω resistance r2Resistance is 5 000 ohm, institute
It is 1.111ma with the electric current flowing through four step discs between node a, node b, flow through 1000 ω resistance r1Electric current be
5.555ma.Small voltage measuring instrument total standard operating current is designed to 6.666ma.
Electric current is divided into four tunnels after a: through the first step disc, through the second step disc, a road is through on a road on a road
Three step discs, through the 4th step disc, four tunnel current remittances are together in node b on a road.
Each step disc resistance ratio: the first step disc: the second step disc: the 3rd step disc: the 4th step disc=1: 10: 102∶
103, so, flow through each step disc electric current ratio: the first step disc: the second step disc: the 3rd step disc: the 4th step disc=103∶
102∶10∶1.
In × 5 ranges, standard operating current flows through the first step disc 5ma, flows through the second step disc 0.5ma, flows through the 3rd
Step disc 0.05ma, flowing through the 4th step disc is 0.005ma, and at this moment each stepping of the first step disc is 1 × 10-1Mv, second step
Entering each stepping of disk is 1 × 10-2Mv, the 3rd each stepping of step disc is 1 × 10-3Mv, the 4th each stepping of step disc is 1 ×
10-4Mv, resistance between node a, b for first step disc is 1000 ω, and Measuring plate is deteriorated with the switch contact resistance of replacement disk
It is generally less than 2 × 10-4ω, is deteriorated and causes error can ignore, the second step disc three step discs backward, and Measuring plate metal connects
The resistance that tactile ring contacts interannular connection with the metal of replacement disk is bigger, and the impact that switch contact resistance is deteriorated more can be neglected
Slightly.
After operating current standardizes, the i-th Measuring plate throws n1, the i-th i Measuring plate throws n2, the i-th ii Measuring plate throws n3, the i-th v survey
N thrown by amount disk4, switch k throws to the left side, is at this moment located at voltage between two terminals of measurement and is:
ux=5 × 0.02n1+0.5×0.02n2+0.05×0.02n3+0.005×0.02n4(mv)
ux=0.1n1+0.01n2+0.001n3+0.0001n4(mv)
In × 1 range, it is 1ma that standard operating current flows through the first step disc, and flowing through the second step disc is 0.1ma, stream
Crossing the 3rd step disc is 0.01ma, and flowing through the 4th step disc is 0.001ma, and at this moment each stepping of the first step disc is 1 × 10- 2Mv, each stepping of the second step disc is 1 × 10-3Mv, the 3rd each stepping of step disc is 1 × 10-4Mv, the 4th step disc each
Stepping is 1 × 10-5Mv, after operating current standardizes, the i-th Measuring plate throws n1, the i-th i Measuring plate throws n2, the i-th ii Measuring plate throws
n3, the i-th v Measuring plate throws n4, switch k throws to the left side, is at this moment located at voltage between two terminals of measurement and is:
ux=1 × 0.02n1+0.1×0.02n2+0.01×0.02n3+0.001×0.02n4(mv)
ux=0.01n1+0.001n2+0.0001n3+0.00001n4(mv)
Small voltage measuring instrument working power can adopt yj49 type high stability adjustable stabilized voltage supply, and this small voltage measures
Instrument Measuring plate compares small resistor using 0.02 ω is this, when being to measure small voltage, reduces and current detector sensitivity is wanted
Ask.
In standard loop, for avoiding loop current excessive, using 200k ω resistance r5Carry out current limliting, due to unsaturated standard
The electromotive force of battery is discrete, and between 1.0188v～1.0196v, standardized operating current is 6.666ma, therefore adjusts
Determine resistance rnTake 152.8 ω, the lockable adjustable resistance r of additional 0～0.2 ωp4, can be with the change of coverage criteria cell emf
Scope.
The standard operating current of small voltage measuring instrument is obtained by: 1mv standard signal voltage by polarity with small
Pressure measuring instrument " ux" two measurement terminals connect, the total indicating value of each step disc of small voltage measuring instrument and standard signal magnitude of voltage phase
With double-point double-throw switch k2Throw to the left side, adjust adjustable resistance rp1, adjustable resistance rp2And adjustable resistance rp3, so that galvanometer g is referred to
Zero；Again by double-point double-throw switch k2Throw to the right, adjust adjustable resistance rp4, make galvanometer g nulling, after repeating once, can
Adjust resistance rp4Locking, at this moment the operating current of small voltage measuring instrument just standardizes, and when instrument uses, first proofreads standard, right
When reading dial carries out reading, reading again after check and correction standard.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of small voltage measuring instrument having four measurement disks, small voltage measuring instrument is from adjustable range between 6～7v
External working power e positive pole terminal is through the adjustable resistance r being made up of 21 7 ω resistant seriesp1, by 22 0.32 ω resistance strings
The adjustable resistance r that connection is constitutedp2, and adjustable resistance r between 0～0.4 ω for the adjustable rangep3, again through four step discs and list
Double-pole double throw switch k1 to 152.8 ω sets up resistance rn, then the adjustable resistance r through 0～0.2 ω lockable sliding contactp4Return to
External working power e negative pole terminal composition small voltage measuring instrument performance loop between 6～7v for the adjustable range；From unsaturation
Normal cell enPositive pole is connected to the double-point double-throw switch k of galvanometer g between two normally-closed contacts2Set up resistance to 152.8 ω
rnAnd the adjustable resistance r of adjustable range lockable sliding contact between 0～0.2 ωp4, then through 200k ω resistance r5To insatiable hunger
With normal cell enNegative pole forms small voltage measuring instrument standard loop；Small voltage measuring instrument is used for connecting measured " ux"
Two terminals, positive pole terminal is after four measurement disks, then the DPDT being connected to galvanometer g between two normally-closed contacts
Switch k2Compensate loop to negative pole terminal composition small voltage measuring instrument；It is characterized in that: the first step disc is by having 0,1,
2nd ... 10 Measuring plate i of totally 11 gears with by 0,1,2 ... the replacement disk i ' of 10 totally 11 gears forms, Measuring plate i with
The resistance one that resistance is 0.02 ω is connected, " 0th " contact of Measuring plate i is circuit node a, generation between replacement disk i ' each shelves contact
" 10th " contact changing disk i ' is circuit node b, the second step disc is by having 0,1,2 ... Measuring plate ii of 10 totally 11 gears
With by 0,1,2 ... the replacement disk ii ' of 10 totally 11 gears forms, the 3rd step disc is by having 0,1,2 ... 10 totally 11 shelves
Measuring plate iii of position with by 0,1,2 ... the replacement disk iii ' of 10 totally 11 gears forms, the 4th step disc is by having 0,1,
2nd ... 10 Measuring plate iv of totally 11 gears with by 0,1,2 ... the replacement disk iv ' of 10 totally 11 gears forms, second step
Enter each contact in Measuring plate ii and replacement disk ii ' in disk, each in Measuring plate iii and replacement disk iii ' in the 3rd step disc
Each contact in Measuring plate iv and replacement disk iv ' in individual contact, the 4th step disc and Measuring plate i and replacement in the first step disc
Disk i ' corresponds to contact portion, and the metal contact ring of the first step disc Measuring plate i contacts interannular with the metal of replacement disk i ' and uses 999.8
The resistance r of ω1Connect, the metal contact ring of the second step disc Measuring plate ii is contacted interannular and uses with the metal of replacement disk ii '
9999.8 the resistance r of ω2Connect, the metal contact ring of the 3rd step disc Measuring plate iii contacts ring with the metal of replacement disk iii '
Between with the resistance r of 100k ω3Connect, the metal contact ring of the 4th step disc Measuring plate iv contacts ring with the metal of replacement disk iv '
Between with the resistance r of 1000k ω4Connect, the brush in each step disc Measuring plate and the brush on replacement disk are synchronous when rotating, and survey
" 0th " contact of amount disk i is node a, and node a connects adjustable resistance r through node cp3Cold end, another road of node c warp
Cross 1000 ω resistance r1Connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) k1In × 1 range contact, " 10th " contact of replacement disk i ' is circuit node
B is through the resistance r of 99.91 ω5Connect single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) k1In × 5 range contacts, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) k1In × 5 amounts
With 4000 ω resistance r between journey contact and × 1 range contact2Connect, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) k1In normally-closed contact connect 152.8 ω
Set up resistance rnHot end, 152.8 ω set up resistance rnAdjustable resistance r through 0～0.2 ω lockable sliding contactp4Even
Connect small voltage measuring instrument external working power e negative pole terminal, small voltage measuring instrument is used for connecting measured " ux" two
Measurement terminal, positive pole terminal is connected with node a, and the double-pole that negative pole terminal is connected to galvanometer g between two normally-closed contacts is double
Throw switch k2The 10th contact portion with Measuring plate i afterwards；Described working power e adopts yj49 type high stability adjustable voltage stabilizing electricity
Source.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410363557.1A CN104101760B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Micro-voltage measurement instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410363557.1A CN104101760B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Micro-voltage measurement instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104101760A CN104101760A (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| CN104101760B true CN104101760B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201410363557.1A Withdrawn - After Issue CN104101760B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Micro-voltage measurement instrument |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101059535A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-24 | 方李 | Two-range portable potentiometer |
| CN101063689A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-31 | 张春雷 | Potential difference meter with four measuring dish |
| CN201053997Y (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-04-30 | 张春雷 | Two-range DC potentiometer |
| CN101776705A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-07-14 | 骆洪亮 | Potentiometer with four step plates |
| CN103760398A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-04-30 | 孙笑声 | 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument |
| CN204008798U (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-12-10 | 袁乐香 | Small voltage measuring instrument |
-
2014
- 2014-07-24 CN CN201410363557.1A patent/CN104101760B/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101059535A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-24 | 方李 | Two-range portable potentiometer |
| CN101063689A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-10-31 | 张春雷 | Potential difference meter with four measuring dish |
| CN201053997Y (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-04-30 | 张春雷 | Two-range DC potentiometer |
| CN101776705A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-07-14 | 骆洪亮 | Potentiometer with four step plates |
| CN103760398A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-04-30 | 孙笑声 | 0.1 micro V-resolution voltage measuring instrument |
| CN204008798U (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-12-10 | 袁乐香 | Small voltage measuring instrument |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| UJ36a型电位差计的电源改进与应用;巩晓阳 等;《广西物理》;20111231;第32卷(第3期);第15-18页 * |
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| CN104101760A (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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