CN104099119A - Biomass liquefying method adopting fluidized pyrolysis and matched device thereof - Google Patents
Biomass liquefying method adopting fluidized pyrolysis and matched device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass liquefying method adopting fluidized pyrolysis and a matched device thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy. The method comprises the steps as follows: biomass powder is fed into a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and is sufficiently burned with air as a fluidization medium, and the temperature of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is increased to 600 DEG C-650 DEG C; the feeding quantity of the biomass powder is increased to enable the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace to operate continuously, and produced powdered carbon, bio-oil and flammable gas are separated and collected simultaneously during operation; a flammable gas burner is started after a gas storage tank is full of the flammable gas, high-temperature flue gas generated through burning of the flammable gas is taken as the fluidization medium, and air supply is stopped simultaneously; air supply is started after the flammable gas in the gas storage tank is used up, biomass feeding is stopped simultaneously, and powdered carbon is fed; the powdered carbon is burned continuously until the temperature in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is increased to 600 DEG C-650 DEG C, biomass powder is fed instead at the moment, and a next workflow is started. According to the biomass liquefying method adopting fluidized pyrolysis and the matched device thereof, secondary pollution is avoided, energy is saved, equipment investment is small, the production cost is reduced, and the thermal conversion rate of the biomass is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy technology field, be specifically related to a kind of biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method, also relate to the corollary apparatus of the method simultaneously
.
Background technology
The energy is that modern society depends on for existence and the basis of developing.In China's energy structure, more than 85% be the non-renewable fossil oils such as coal, oil, Sweet natural gas at present, these fossil oils are not only day by day deficient, in the systemic circulation utilizing, also environment is caused to serious pollution in its exploitation, therefore the problem that the clean energy of, seeking reproducible utilization has become countries in the world to be all very concerned about.Biomass (comprising waste, waterplant and the various organic wastes etc. of various agricultural wastes, forestry and wood processing industry) are exactly the raw material of the clean energy of the reproducible utilization that produces by photosynthesis.Biomass energy technology mainly comprises gasification, combustion power generation, solid fuel and liquefaction etc., gasification, combustion power generation, three kinds of technology of solid fuel have reached the commercial level of comparative maturity, but from improving energy density, be convenient to store and transport equal angles, biomass resource is converted to liquid (bio oil) ideal, and, clean bio oil also has low ash content, the features such as low-sulfur, in combustion processes, produce hardly obnoxious flavour, what is more important, the raw material of bio oil is biomass, in the great circulation system of biomass utilization, can realize the zero release of carbonic acid gas.Biomass liquefying technical matters can be divided into biochemical process and thermochemical method, and biochemical process mainly refers to that thermochemical method mainly comprises pressurized catalysis liquefaction and rapidly pyrolysing and liquefying etc. by being hydrolyzed or the means such as fermentation are alcohol fuel by Wood Adhesives from Biomass.Biomass fast pyrogenation production bio oil technology is the most economic at present biomass liquefying method.The process system formation of research biomass fast pyrogenation communicates substantially both at home and abroad, forms: the preparation of biomass material, fast pyrogenation, gas solid separation, rapid condensation by four major parts.But different research and development unit adopts the pyrolysis way that is not quite similar and different carrier type of heating, has determined the larger difference of biomass liquefying technological line existence.
Biomass pyrolysis liquefaction refers under certain temperature (approximately 450 DEG C of herbaceous biomass, approximately 550 DEG C of ligniform biomass) anoxia condition and makes the quick decomposes of biomass, and pyrolysis gas obtains the thermochemistry conversion process of product liquid (bio oil) and a part of gaseous product (combustible gas) and solid product (powdered carbon) again through rapid condensation.The factor that affects biomass pyrolytic mainly contains quenching of heating rate, pyrolysis reaction temperature, gas residence time and pyrolysis high-temperature gas etc.Under optimum reaction condition, the energy yields sum of three kinds of pyrolysis products is all greater than 100%, and its reason is that pyrolytic reaction is thermo-negative reaction, and the heat of absorption changes chemical energy into and has been stored among pyrolysis product.The thermal value of gaseous product is lower, approximately 700 DEG C of the flue-gas temperatures after burning, and during taking flue gas as fluidizing medium, the heat of bringing into can not maintain the required temperature of fast pyrogenation.Need to supplement a small amount of energy, this project has been carried out design cleverly to fluidized-bed pyrolysis oven, can complete burning, the pyrolytic gasification of biomass and the pyrolysis liquefaction of biomass of powdered carbon.The combustible gas that biomass pyrolytic produces and powdered carbon can be used for the dry of biomass material, also can sell as commercial energy resource.
Fast pyrogenation is the core of native system, and conventional have air flow bed and a fluidized-bed.Air flow bed bed material particle diameter is little, and gas velocity is high, has independent bed material heating unit, namely double-fluidized-bed pyrolysis system.Another kind is circulating fluidized bed, and powdered carbon returns to burner hearth, taking air as fluidizing medium, burns heat release so that pyrolysis institute energy requirement to be provided with biomass powder simultaneously.Also have taking pyrolysis time the non-condensable gas burning that produces to produce flue gas be fluidizing medium, because quality is not enough, then powdered carbon gasification produced to combustible gas supplement.During due to gasification, will add water vapour, to such an extent as to have more water in the liquid fuel producing, the thermal value of liquid fuel is lower.
In prior art, CN00235792.5 patent relates to a kind of biological mass pyrogenic liquification apparatus; No. 02270176.1 patent relates to a kind of biomass liquid fuel converter; No. 01134142.4 patent relates to biomass liquefying process and the device of low-cost and pollution-less; Number of patent application 03128901.0 relates to technique and the device thereof of low energy consumption type biomass thermal cracking; CN100387367C patent relates to a kind of processing method and apparatus system thereof of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction.The deficiencies in the prior art are: consume high-grade energy and heat intermediate heat carrier, the cost that makes to liquefy is higher, be unfavorable for industrialization; Use nitrogen as carrier gas, make cost up; If the thermal barrier after use is dealt with improperly, easily environment is caused to secondary pollution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method and corollary apparatus thereof.
Based on above-mentioned purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme: biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method, comprises the steps:
(1) biomass powder is fed to fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, taking air as fluidizing medium, biomass are fully burnt, make fluidized bed pyrolysis stove be warming up to 600～650 DEG C;
(2) feeding coal of increase biomass powder, makes the biomass incomplete combustion in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove collect the powdered carbon, bio oil and the combustible gas that produce, and combustible gas is stored in gas-holder, remains temperature-resistant in pyrolysis oven;
(3) after flammable gas-reservoir in gas-holder is full, start fuel gas burner, taking the high-temperature flue gas that produces as fluidizing medium, stop air supply simultaneously; Feeding biomass powder moves fluidized bed pyrolysis stove under flash pyrolysis operating mode;
(4) when fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace temperature is lower than 450～500 DEG C, start air supply, in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, feed the powdered carbon of collecting simultaneously; Continue to make charcoal powder until the temperature in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove rises to 600～650 DEG C, now change biomass powder into, increase the feeding coal of biomass powder, circulation execution step (3).
Described biomass comprise draft class and wooden class.Draft class flash pyrolysis temperature range is 450～550 DEG C, wooden class flash pyrolysis temperature range is 500～600 DEG C, fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace temperature is lower than prescribing a time limit under biomass flash pyrolysis temperature, (that is to say, in the present invention, the minimum flash pyrolysis temperature of herbaceous biomass is 450 DEG C, and the minimum flash pyrolysis temperature of Wooden Biomass is 500 DEG C) startup air supply; The powder that continues to make charcoal is slightly higher than the flash pyrolysis temperature upper limit to the temperature in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, (that is to say, in the present invention, the highest flash pyrolysis temperature of draft biolobic material is 550 DEG C, fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is heated to 600 DEG C, the highest flash pyrolysis temperature of lignocellulosic biomass is 600 DEG C, and in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, temperature is heated to 600～650 DEG C).
Preferably, the particle diameter of described fluidized bed material is 3～5mm, in the time of fluidisation bed material can with the mutual friction of biomass powder phase, simultaneously can adapt to larger biomass powder particle.
Preferably, described biomass powder particle diameter is less than or equal to 5mm.
The corollary apparatus of biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method, comprises fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, and the sidewall of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is provided with biomass entrance, and bottom is provided with air compartment, and top is provided with exhanst gas outlet; Exhanst gas outlet is connected with gas-solid separator, condenser and gas-holder successively by pipeline, and gas-solid separator bottom is provided with storage charcoal case, and storage charcoal case is connected with the powdered carbon entrance being arranged in fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace sidewall by feeding auger; Under fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, be also provided with combustion chamber, the inlet mouth of combustion chamber is connected with gas-holder, and the air outlet of combustion chamber is connected into the air compartment of fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace bottom by pipeline; Described air compartment is also communicated with blast pipe simultaneously, and blast pipe is provided with blower fan.
Preferably, described condenser is shell-and tube condenser, and the leakage fluid dram of condenser is connected with bio oil storage tank.
Preferably, the smoke outlet in described fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is provided with baffle plate, and while preventing that pyrolysis gas from being taken out of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, unburn completely powdered carbon and biomass powder is taken out of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove.
Preferably, described gas-holder is provided with exhaust-valve, after the flammable gas-reservoir in gas-holder is full, opens exhaust-valve, discharges a part of combustible gas, in order to avoid cause the excessive and generation accident of gas-holder pressure.
Preferably, described gas-solid separator is cyclonic separator.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts the heat of pyrolysis byproducts powdered carbon and combustible gas burning release for pyrolysis provides thermal source, because powdered carbon is perfect combustion, has improved a bed material temperature degree; When pyrolysis liquefaction, the burning that the origin of heat of device is combustible gas, the high-temperature flue gas producing was both brought in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove heat for biomass pyrolytic into as hot carrier, also as biomass flash, fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is taken in pyrogenous origin volatile matter carrier gas out of, to reduce its residence time in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, reduce it and further decompose and generate the not time of condensated gas, same device has been realized the heating of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove and the pyrolysis liquefaction of biomass.Apparatus of the present invention are simple in structure, operational safety reliably, does not produce secondary pollution, energy-conservation, facility investment is few, reduced production cost, improved the quality (heat conversion raising) of bio oil.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the steps:
(1) biomass powder is fed to fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1, taking air as fluidizing medium, biomass are fully burnt, make fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1 be warming up to 600～650 DEG C;
(2) feeding coal of increase biomass powder, makes the biomass incomplete combustion in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1 collect the powdered carbon, bio oil and the combustible gas that produce, and combustible gas is stored in gas-holder 5, remains temperature-resistant in pyrolysis oven;
(3) after flammable gas-reservoir in gas-holder 5 is full, start fuel gas burner 10, taking the high-temperature flue gas that produces as fluidizing medium, stop air supply simultaneously; Feeding biomass powder moves fluidized bed pyrolysis stove under flash pyrolysis operating mode;
(4) when fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace temperature is lower than 450～500 DEG C, start air supply, the powdered carbon of collecting to the interior infeed of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1 simultaneously; Continue to make charcoal powder until the temperature in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove rises to 600～650 DEG C, now change biomass powder into, increase the feeding coal of biomass powder, circulation execution step (3).
The corollary apparatus of biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, comprise fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1, the sidewall of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1 is provided with biomass entrance 8, bottom is provided with air compartment 13, air compartment 13 tops are provided with air distribution plate 11, and fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1 top is provided with exhanst gas outlet, and smoke outlet is provided with baffle plate 12; Exhanst gas outlet is connected with gas-solid separator, condenser and gas-holder 5 successively by pipeline, gas-solid separator bottom is provided with storage charcoal case 3, storage charcoal case 3 is connected with the powdered carbon entrance 7 being arranged on fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1 sidewall by feeding auger, and gas-holder 5 is provided with exhaust-valve 15; Fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is also provided with combustion chamber 61 time, and the inlet mouth of combustion chamber 6 is connected with gas-holder 5, and the air outlet of combustion chamber 6 is connected into the air compartment 13 of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1 bottom by pipeline; Described air compartment 13 is also communicated with blast pipe 14 simultaneously, and blast pipe is provided with blower fan.
Working process: when device start, after becoming particle diameter to be less than or equal to the biomass powder of 3mm raw material pulverizing, feed fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1, taking air as fluidizing medium, biomass powder is fully burnt, fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1 temperature rises to 600～650 DEG C, increase biomass powder feeding coal, make the biomass powder incomplete combustion in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1, generate pyrolysis gas and powdered carbon, take the pyrolysis gas of generation and powdered carbon out of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1, enter cyclonic separator 2 and carry out gas solid separation, powdered carbon after separation is stored in the storage charcoal case 3 of cyclonic separator 2 bottoms, pyrolysis gas after separation enters pipe bundle condenser 4 condensations, combustible gas enters gas-holder 5 and stores, bio oil is stored in bio oil storage tank 9, when flammable gas-reservoir in gas-holder 5 is expired, start fuel gas burner 10, taking produce high-temperature flue gas as fluidizing medium, flue-gas temperature is controlled at 680～720 DEG C, stop air supply simultaneously, feeding biomass powder, the pyrolysis of biomass powder flash, the pyrolysis gas producing separates, condensation, collect, fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace temperature is lower than 450～500 DEG C, start air supply, powdered carbon simultaneously that collect to the interior infeed of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1, continue to make charcoal powder until the temperature in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove 1 rises to 600～650 DEG C, now start to increase biomass powder feeding coal, enter next cycle operation flow process.
Utilize aforesaid method and corollary apparatus thereof below, respectively with the make a living testing data of material production bio oil of corn stalk powder and Poplar Powder, as following table 1.
Fluidized bed pyrolysis stove operating parameter: fluidizing velocity is 2m/s, the static thickness of material bed is 500mm, after material bed fluidisation, is highly 1200mm, fluidizing medium pressure position 8000Pa, fluidizing medium temperature is 650 DEG C, flue-gas temperature is 650～700 DEG C, pyrolysis time 1～2s.
With double-fluidized-bed comparison, reduce heated fluidized bed, a particle diameter for bed material is increased to 5mm by 1mm, and biomass powder increases to 5mm by being less than 1mm, pulverizes power consumption and be original 1/3., because powdered carbon burns in same device, reduces powdered carbon consumption 20%.
Claims (8)
1. biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) biomass powder is fed to fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, taking air as fluidizing medium, biomass are fully burnt, make fluidized bed pyrolysis stove be warming up to 600～650 DEG C;
(2) feeding coal of increase biomass powder, makes the biomass incomplete combustion in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove collect the powdered carbon, bio oil and the combustible gas that produce, and combustible gas is stored in gas-holder, remains temperature-resistant in pyrolysis oven;
(3) after flammable gas-reservoir in gas-holder is full, start fuel gas burner, taking the high-temperature flue gas that produces as fluidizing medium, stop air supply simultaneously; Feeding biomass powder moves fluidized bed pyrolysis stove under flash pyrolysis operating mode;
(4) when fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace temperature is lower than 450～500 DEG C, start air supply, in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, feed the powdered carbon of collecting simultaneously; Continue to make charcoal powder until the temperature in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove rises to 600～650 DEG C, now change biomass powder into, increase the feeding coal of biomass powder, circulation execution step (3).
2. biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described fluidized bed material is 3～5mm.
3. biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described biomass powder particle diameter is less than or equal to 5mm.
4. the corollary apparatus of biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method according to claim 1, comprises fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, and the sidewall of fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is provided with biomass entrance, and bottom is provided with air compartment, and top is provided with exhanst gas outlet; Exhanst gas outlet is connected with gas-solid separator, condenser and gas-holder successively by pipeline, and gas-solid separator bottom is provided with storage charcoal case, it is characterized in that: described storage charcoal case is connected with the powdered carbon entrance being arranged in fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace sidewall by feeding auger; Under fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, be also provided with combustion chamber, the inlet mouth of combustion chamber is connected with gas-holder, and the air outlet of combustion chamber is connected into the air compartment of fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace bottom by pipeline; Described air compartment is also communicated with blast pipe simultaneously, and blast pipe is provided with blower fan.
5. the corollary apparatus of biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described condenser is shell-and tube condenser, and the leakage fluid dram of condenser is connected with bio oil storage tank.
6. the corollary apparatus of biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the smoke outlet in described fluidized bed pyrolysis stove is provided with baffle plate.
7. the corollary apparatus of biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described gas-holder is provided with exhaust-valve.
8. the corollary apparatus of biomass fluidization pyrolysis liquefaction method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described gas-solid separator is cyclonic separator.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN104355930A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南谷力新能源科技股份有限公司 | System for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by virtue of rice husk decomposition products |
| CN112619563A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-09 | 安徽国孚润滑油工业有限公司 | Micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation method based on fluidized bed |
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| CN112619563A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-09 | 安徽国孚润滑油工业有限公司 | Micro-oxygen combustion dry distillation method based on fluidized bed |
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