CN104098582B - 基于罗丹明b、四亚乙基五胺和异硫氰酸苯酯的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

基于罗丹明b、四亚乙基五胺和异硫氰酸苯酯的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN104098582B
CN104098582B CN201410341369.9A CN201410341369A CN104098582B CN 104098582 B CN104098582 B CN 104098582B CN 201410341369 A CN201410341369 A CN 201410341369A CN 104098582 B CN104098582 B CN 104098582B
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徐冬梅
洪苗苗
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Abstract

本发明公开了基于罗丹明B、四亚乙基五胺和异硫氰酸苯酯的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。具体而言,本发明首先使罗丹明B与四亚乙基五胺反应以形成性质稳定的螺环酰胺结构并引入含氮桥联片段,再与异硫氰酸苯酯反应以引入硫原子。利用汞离子的亲硫性,通过上述方案获得的新型罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物RPTU的每一个分子能够结合四个汞离子,因而具备较高的选择性和检测灵敏度。该荧光探针分子可以在中性缓冲溶液,特别是水相中进行检测,还可以检测来自氯化汞的汞离子,具有更好的实用性。

Description

基于罗丹明B、四亚乙基五胺和异硫氰酸苯酯的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,具体涉及一种作为汞离子荧光探针材料使用的罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
汞及汞盐不但在工业中使用得非常广泛,而且还来自海啸和火山喷发等自然现象,它们可以通过多种途径进入水体、空气和土壤中,并且具有持久性、易迁移性和高度的生物富集性,会对人体的中枢神经系统、消化系统和内脏器官造成极大危害,对呼吸系统、皮肤、血液及眼睛也有一定的影响,所以是目前全球最引人关注的环境污染物之一(参见P.B.Tchounwou,W.K.Ayensu,N.Ninashvili,Review:environmentalexposuretomercuryanditstoxicopathologicimplicationsforpublichealth,EnvironmentalToxicology,2003,18:149-175)。因此,有效地检测或监控环境和生命体系中的汞已成为近年来相关领域的研究热点。
由于选择性好、灵敏高、操作简单、可以进行实时原位无损检测等优点,荧光探针技术在环境和生命科学等多个领域正受到越来越多的关注。罗丹明类荧光分子因具有激发和发射波长长、量子产率高、光稳定性好、响应机理独特、容易修饰等优点而成为荧光探针最重要的荧光团之一。通过罗丹明结构中的羧基与含有伯氨基的试剂反应生成内酰胺五元环,并引入N、O、S等识别位点得到无荧光的探针(参见J-S.Wu,I-C.Hwang,K-S.Kim等人,Rhodamine-basedHg2+-selectivechemodosimeterinaqueoussolution:fluorescentoff-on,Org.Lett.,2007,9(5):907-910以及C.Kaewtong,J.Noiseephum,Y.Uppa等人,AreversibleEm-FRETrhodamine-basedchemosensorforcarboxylateanionsusingaditopicreceptorstrategy,NewJ.Chem.,2010,34:1104-1108),通过探针结构中识别位点结合某种重金属或过渡金属离子,诱导探针的内酰胺键断裂(即五元环打开)而荧光增强,从而实现对该离子的选择性识别。根据这一原理已设计合成出很多罗丹明类荧光探针。
然而,已报道的Hg2+荧光探针大多数是一个探针分子结合一个Hg2+,而且有的荧光探针对于Hg2+的选择性较差,灵敏度不高;有的选择性好、灵敏度高,但水溶性差,无法在水相中完成检测;或者有的选择性好、灵敏度高,但合成困难。因此亟须一种新颖的、选择性高、灵敏度高且能用于水相体系的罗丹明型Hg2+荧光探针。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的上述缺陷,本发明旨在提供一种基于罗丹明B、四亚乙基五胺和异硫氰酸苯酯的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
本发明的核心在于改变罗丹明B的细部结构,先使其与四亚乙基五胺反应以形成性质稳定的螺环酰胺结构并引入含氮桥联片段,再与异硫氰酸苯酯反应以引入硫原子。利用Hg2+的亲硫性,通过上述方案获得的新型罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物RPTU(即罗丹明型Hg2+荧光探针RPTU)的每一个分子能够结合四个Hg2+,因而具备较高的选择性和检测灵敏度。
首先,为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种如式(I)所示的罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物,
(I)。
其次,本发明提供了一种制备上述罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
1)将罗丹明B(RB)溶于反应溶剂A中,然后按照罗丹明B与四亚乙基五胺(TEPA)的摩尔比为1:10~15的用量逐滴滴加四亚乙基五胺,滴加完毕后在70~90℃下加热反应10~18小时,停止反应,减压除去溶剂后用水洗涤,过滤并干燥,得到螺环酰胺中间体,
2)将步骤1)中获得的螺环酰胺中间体和异硫氰酸苯酯(PITC)按照1:8~14的摩尔比溶于反应溶剂B中,在30~60℃的条件下搅拌反应5~10小时,停止反应,减压除去溶剂后,经过纯化得到罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物,
优选的,步骤1)中所述罗丹明B与四亚乙基五胺的摩尔比为1:12。
优选的,步骤1)中所述反应溶剂A选自乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇中的任意一种,优选乙醇。
优选的,步骤1)的反应温度为80℃,反应时间为12小时。
优选的,步骤2)中所述螺环酰胺中间体与异硫氰酸苯酯的摩尔比为1:12。
优选的,步骤2)中所述反应溶剂B选自四氢呋喃、乙腈中的任意一种,优选乙腈。
优选的,步骤2)的反应温度为30℃,反应时间为6小时。
优选的,步骤2)中所述纯化为柱层析纯化,优选硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂采用体积比为1:5的乙酸乙酯/石油醚混合液。
最后,本发明还涉及上述罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物用于检测Hg2+的用途,优选用于检测水相中存在的Hg2+。所述检测的具体实施方法如下所述:将1mL待测水样放入10mL容量瓶中,加入300μL10-3M的RPTU的CH3CN溶液,然后用CH3CN和HEPES缓冲溶液(pH=7.21)定容,得到CH3CN/HEPES缓冲溶液(10:1,v/v,pH=7.21)的待测溶液,其中RPTU浓度为30μM。以520nm的光在10nm狭缝宽度下激发,测定溶液的荧光光谱,根据RPTU的最大荧光强度与Hg2+浓度的线性关系即可获得水样中Hg2+的浓度。
由于上述技术方案的运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
(1)本发明设计合成的罗丹明-苯基硫脲衍生物含有四个硫羰基识别基团,可以结合更多的Hg2+,有利于提高选择性和检测灵敏度;
(2)利用本发明的罗丹明-苯基硫脲衍生物可以在中性缓冲溶液,特别是水相中进行Hg2+检测;
(3)本发明可以检测来自HgCl2的Hg2+,比检测来自Hg(ClO4)2的Hg2+具有更好的实用性。
附图说明
图1为不同金属离子对RPTU溶液的荧光光谱的影响示意图。其中,溶剂:CH3CN/HEPES缓冲溶液(10:1,v/v,pH=7.21),浓度:30μM(RPTU),210μM(金属离子)。激发波长:520nm,狭缝宽度:10nm。
图2为Hg2+浓度对RPTU荧光光谱的影响示意图。其中,溶剂:CH3CN/HEPES缓冲溶液(10:1,v/v,pH=7.21),浓度:30μM(RPTU),0,15,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,330μM(Hg2+)。激发波长:520nm,狭缝宽度:10nm。
图3为共存离子对RPTU检测Hg2+的干扰性示意图。其中,溶剂:CH3CN/HEPES缓冲溶液(10:1,v/v,pH=7.21),浓度:30μM(RPTU),210μM(Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr3+、Fe2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Co2+),50μM(Pb2+、Ni2+)。激发波长:520nm,狭缝宽度:10nm。
图4为RPTU对Hg2+的Job’s-plot图。其中,溶剂:CH3CN/H2O(10:1,v/v),RPTU和Hg2+离子总浓度为100μM,F0和F分别表示波长581nm处RPTU的荧光强度和RPTU-Hg2+体系的荧光强度,激发波长:520nm,狭缝宽度:10nm。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例一:Hg2+探针RPTU的制备。
以乙醇为溶剂,将0.2g(0.42mmol)罗丹明B溶于乙醇中,然后逐滴滴加956μL(5.04mmol)四亚乙基五胺,加热至80℃反应12h,停止反应,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂后用水洗三遍,烘干,得到黄色固体,即为中间体RTPA。产率为90.8%。
将50mg(0.081mmol)中间体RTPA、76.8μL(0.648mmol)异硫氰酸苯酯溶解于无水四氢呋喃中,在60℃下搅拌反应6h,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,硅胶柱分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯和石油醚混合液(v/v,1/5),得到白色粉末产物,即为罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物(Hg2+探针)RPTU,产率为13.6%。
IR(KBr)cm-1:3460,3209(NH),2924,2854(CH3,CH2),1639(C=O),1601,1543,1493(ArH),1080附近的宽峰(C-O-C,C=S)。
ESI-MSm/z理论值:1176.45[RPTU+Na]+,实验值:1176.80。
实施例二:Hg2+探针RPTU的制备。
以异丙醇为溶剂,将0.2g(0.42mmol)罗丹明B溶于异丙醇中,然后逐滴滴加796.7μL(4.2mmol)四亚乙基五胺,加热至80℃反应10h,停止反应,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂后用水洗三遍,烘干,得到黄色固体,即为中间体RTPA。产率为81.9%。
将50mg(0.081mmol)中间体RTPA、96.0μL(0.81mmol)异硫氰酸苯酯溶解于无水乙腈中,在20℃下搅拌反应6h,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,硅胶柱分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯和石油醚混合液(v/v,1/5),得到白色粉末产物,即为罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物(Hg2+探针)RPTU,产率为21.8%。
实施例三:Hg2+探针RPTU的制备。
以正丁醇为溶剂,将0.2g(0.42mmol)罗丹明B溶于正丁醇中,然后逐滴滴加1.2mL(6.3mmol)四亚乙基五胺,加热至90℃反应10h,停止反应,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂后用水洗三遍,烘干,得到黄色固体,即为中间体RTPA。产率为78.2%。
将50mg(0.081mmol)中间体RTPA、115.2μL(0.972mmol)异硫氰酸苯酯溶解于无水乙腈中,在30℃下搅拌反应6h,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,硅胶柱分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯和石油醚混合液(v/v,1/5),得到白色粉末产物,即为罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物(Hg2+探针)RPTU,产率为36.2%。
实施例四:Hg2+探针RPTU的制备。
以乙醇为溶剂,将0.2g(0.42mmol)罗丹明B溶于乙醇中,然后逐滴滴加956μL(5.04mmol)四亚乙基五胺,加热至70℃反应15h,停止反应,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂后用水洗三遍,烘干,得到黄色固体,即为中间体RTPA。产率为83.2%。
将50mg(0.081mmol)中间体RTPA、134.5μL(1.134mmol)异硫氰酸苯酯溶解于无水乙腈中,在30℃下搅拌反应6h,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,硅胶柱分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯和石油醚混合液(v/v,1/5),得到白色粉末产物,即为罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物(Hg2+探针)RPTU,产率为25.3%。
实施例五:Hg2+探针RPTU的制备。
以乙醇为溶剂,将0.2g(0.42mmol)罗丹明B溶于乙醇中,然后逐滴滴加956μL(5.04mmol)四亚乙基五胺,加热至80℃反应18h,停止反应,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂后用水洗三遍,烘干,得到黄色固体,即为中间体RTPA。产率为88.5%。
将50mg(0.081mmol)中间体RTPA、115.2μL(0.972mmol)异硫氰酸苯酯溶解于无水乙腈中,在30℃下搅拌反应10h,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,硅胶柱分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯和石油醚混合液(v/v,1/5),得到白色粉末产物,即为罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物(Hg2+探针)RPTU,产率为18.1%。
实施例六:RPTU检测Hg2+的选择性和灵敏度。
在RPTU(30μM)的CH3CN/HEPES缓冲溶液(v/v,10:1,pH7.21)中,加入7倍当量的Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr3+、Pb2+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Cd2+和Hg2+离子,以波长为520nm的光激发,测定加入离子前后的荧光光谱,结果如图1所示。
从图1中可以发现,只有Hg2+可使RPTU的荧光增强,其荧光增强指数达到15.1倍,其他常见的金属离子对RPTU的荧光光谱影响很小。该结果表明:在CH3CN和HEPES缓冲溶液(v/v,10:1,pH7.21)中,30μM的RPTU对Hg2+有较高的选择性和灵敏度。
实施例七:Hg2+浓度对RPTU荧光光谱的影响。
在RPTU(30μM)的CH3CN/HEPES缓冲溶液(v/v,10:1,pH7.21)中,加入不同浓度的Hg2+(0,15,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,330μM),以波长为520nm的光激发,测定加入离子前后RPTU的荧光光谱,结果如图2所示。
从图2中可以发现,随着Hg2+离子浓度的增加,RPTU的荧光强度逐渐增强。在Hg2+浓度0~210μM范围内,RPTU的最大荧光强度与Hg2+浓度呈较好的线性关系。据此计算得到RPTU检测Hg2+的检测限为2.12×10-7mol/L,说明RPTU可以定量检测Hg2+
实施例八:共存离子对RPTU检测Hg2+的干扰性。
在RPTU(30μM)的CH3CN/HEPES缓冲溶液(10:1,v/v,pH7.21)中,加入7倍当量的Hg2+,再分别加入与Hg2+等摩尔浓度的干扰离子Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr3+、Fe2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Co2+和50μM的Pb2+、Ni2+,以波长为520nm的光激发,测定加入离子前后RPTU的荧光光谱,其结果如图3所示。
从图3中可以发现,在这个体系下,含有其他离子的溶液的荧光光谱与只有汞离子时相比变化很小。所以RPTU检测Hg2+有很强的抗干扰性,从侧面印证了RPTU对Hg2+的选择性较高。
实施例九:分析RPTU与Hg2+的结合比。
为了了解RPTU识别Hg2+的机理,进行了Job’s实验,在CH3CN/H2O(10:1,v/v,pH7.21)中,控制RPTU与Hg2+体系物质总浓度为100μM,测定溶液荧光光谱,绘制Job’s-Plot曲线,其结果如图4所示。
由图4可以得知,当体系中Hg2+的摩尔分率x为0.8时,RPTU-Hg2+体系的荧光增强最大,根据计算公式n=x/(1-x),算得n=4,表明RPTU与Hg2+的结合比为1:4,即一个RPTU分子可以结合四个Hg2+,有利于提高探针的选择性和灵敏度。

Claims (10)

1.一种如式(I)所示的罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物,
(I)。
2.一种制备如权利要求1所述的罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
1)将罗丹明B溶于反应溶剂A中,然后按照罗丹明B与四亚乙基五胺的摩尔比为1:10~15的用量逐滴滴加四亚乙基五胺,滴加完毕后在70~90℃下加热反应10-18小时,停止反应,减压除去溶剂后用水洗涤,过滤并干燥,得到螺环酰胺中间体,
2)将步骤1)中获得的螺环酰胺中间体和异硫氰酸苯酯按照1:8-14的摩尔比溶于反应溶剂B中,在30~60℃的条件下搅拌反应5~10小时,停止反应,减压除去溶剂后,经过纯化得到罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物,
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述罗丹明B与四亚乙基五胺的摩尔比为1:12。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述反应溶剂A选自乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)的反应温度为80℃,反应时间为12小时。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中所述螺环酰胺中间体与异硫氰酸苯酯的摩尔比为1:12。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中所述反应溶剂B选自无水四氢呋喃、无水乙腈中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤2)的反应温度为30℃,反应时间为6小时。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中所述纯化为硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂采用体积比为1:5的乙酸乙酯/石油醚混合液。
10.根据权利要求1所述的罗丹明B-苯基硫脲衍生物用于检测Hg2+的用途。
CN201410341369.9A 2014-07-17 2014-07-17 基于罗丹明b、四亚乙基五胺和异硫氰酸苯酯的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Active CN104098582B (zh)

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