CN104096962A - Explosive welding method of metal clad plate of super-thick shroud plate - Google Patents

Explosive welding method of metal clad plate of super-thick shroud plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104096962A
CN104096962A CN201410271386.XA CN201410271386A CN104096962A CN 104096962 A CN104096962 A CN 104096962A CN 201410271386 A CN201410271386 A CN 201410271386A CN 104096962 A CN104096962 A CN 104096962A
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plate
cladding plate
cladding
explosive
powder charge
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CN104096962B (en
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王晖
马锐
戴荔
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08—Explosive welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an explosive welding method of a metal clad plate of a super-thick shroud plate. The explosive welding method comprises the following steps of 1) pretreating substrate and shroud plate blanks; 2) arranging an extension plate at the periphery of the shroud plate; 3) arranging a substrate and the shroud plate; 4) laying main charge and auxiliary charge; 5) producing and arranging a priming device; 6) carrying out explosive welding. According to the explosive welding method, the welded rate of the clad plate welded through the process reaches 100%, the bonding strength of a welding surface conforms to a strength rule of duplex metal solid phase metallurgical bonding, a bonding interface of the welding surface is in a shape like a micro-wave with excellent quality, the impurity content of the interface is not higher than the corresponding impurity content of raw materials, and the welding quality requirements on the clad plate are completely met.

Description

A kind of explosion welding method of composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate
Technical field
The invention belongs to explosion welding technique field, be specifically related to a kind of explosion welding method of composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate.
Background technology
Large area metallurgical binding and the connection of ultra-thick sheet metal, have a large amount of demands at some special dimension.At present, large area metallurgical binding and connection for this type of sheet metal, generally adopt hot isostatic pressing method, and equipment needed thereby is huge, complex process, with high costs.For cladding plate thickness, be greater than the explosion welding method of 25mm, in the document of publishing, there is not yet elaboration so far.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for the deficiencies in the prior art, the explosion welding method that the object of this invention is to provide a kind of composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate, break through existing explosion welding technique limitation, the seam rate of guaranteeing the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate is 100%, seam face bond strength meets the law of force of bimetallic solid phase metallurgical binding, combination interface is fine wavy, and interface impurity content must not be higher than raw-material corresponding impurity content.
Technical scheme: in order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
An explosion welding method for the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate, the cladding plate thickness of welding is more than 25mm, to comprise the following steps:
(1) substrate, the pretreatment of cladding plate blank, guarantee that the unevenness of blank plate is less than 3mm/m, treats that the roughness of mating surface is less than 50 μ m;
(2) cladding plate periphery installs extended plate additional as the frock of explosive welding, and the extended plate size on cladding plate periphery diverse location is determined by following formula:
The extended plate size of cladding plate both sides:
Long: l 1=l, l is cladding plate length;
Wide: s 1=h 1/ tga, α gets 65 ° ± 2 °;
Initiation ends extended plate size:
Long: l 2=(h 1-h 2)/tg β, h 2for the initiating terminal thickness of the auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends, β gets 30 ° ± 2 °;
Wide: s 2=B+2s 1, B is cladding plate width;
Cladding plate rear end extended plate size:
Long: l 3=(h 1-h 4)/tg γ, h 4for the end thickness of the auxiliary powder charge in cladding plate rear end, γ gets 45 ° ± 2 °;
Wide: s 3=B+2s 1, B is cladding plate width;
(3) substrate, cladding plate be arranged in parallel, adopt cork block or foil as supporter between two plates, form gap; Calculate by empirical equation in the gap of substrate, cladding plate: D=(0.16～0.2) h 1, h 1for main charge planar section thickness; Wherein, substrate is located on ground;
(4) cloth main charge directly over cladding plate, the auxiliary powder charge of cloth above extended plate; Main charge adopts " plane+wave " formula cloth prescription formula; The auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends adopts " slope (up) " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge in cladding plate both sides adopts " mountain peak type " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge in cladding plate rear end adopts " slope (descending) " cloth prescription formula; The area of base of main charge and auxiliary powder charge equals respectively the area of cladding plate and corresponding extended plate; Main charge planar section thickness h 1by following empirical equation, determined:
h 1 = d f ρ f R min ρ e - - - ( 1 )
D in formula ffor cladding plate thickness, ρ ffor the density of cladding plate material, R minfor the cladding plate mass ratio of the explosive charge in unit are and unit are, by formula (2), determined ρ edensity for explosive;
R min = K 1 v d v p min ( 1.2 v d - v p min ) 2 - - - ( 2 )
V in formula dfor explosion velocity of explosive, v pminfor realizing the substrate of high-quality welding and the minimum impact velocity of cladding plate, by formula (3), calculate K 1for constant, K 1span be 4.2～4.5;
v p min = K H v ρ f - - - ( 3 )
In formula, K is constant, and the span of K is 1.2～1.6; H vfor the surperficial Vickers hardness of cladding plate material, ρ fdensity for cladding plate material.
The auxiliary powder charge initiating terminal of initiation ends web h 2=70～100mm;
Cladding plate both sides auxiliary powder charge spike web h 3=h 1+ 50mm;
Cladding plate rear end auxiliary powder charge end web h 4=h 1-50mm;
(5) by 3～4 length l 4the primacord of=b+ (10～20) mm, is arranged in parallel and bands together with cotton thread, is embedded in initiation ends powder charge, and primacord one end in parallel is reliably connected with electric cap, jointly forms linear priming device; Wherein, b is initiation ends powder charge width;
(6) welding of detonating.
In the explosion welding method of the composite metal plate of this super thick cladding plate, 1) by operations such as smoothing, polishing, polishing and cleanings, remove corrosion and the oxide on blank plate surface.2) extended plate is generally selected less expensive, to be easy to same cladding plate formation welding metal material, extended plate and cladding plate are generally implemented groove welding, its weld strength, principle according to " guarantee before detonation wave arrives weld seam; extended plate and cladding plate are not separated; and after explosive welding process completes, extended plate and cladding plate be sealing-off automatically preferably " is definite.3) substrate, the parallel placement of cladding plate, adopt cork block or foil as supporter between two plates, forms gap.When substrate, cladding plate Thickness Ratio are less than 3:1, need to use backing plate, as basis.Plate thickness need to guarantee that thickness that substrate adds backing plate is greater than 3 times of cladding plate thickness.Backing plate is placed in parallel in substrate below, ground top, and backing material is used common carbon steel material.4) main charge and auxiliary powder charge, the explosive kind of using for not containing the powdery emulsifying explosive of TNT composition, adopt calcium carbonate as moderator, the composite explosives that preparation explosion velocity is 2900～3100m/s.5) primacord external diameter is 5mm, and medicine core diameter is 3.5mm, and degree of packing is 1.0g/cm 3, in primacord, explosive type is hexogen, explosion velocity is 8750m/s.6) according to shotfiring safety operational procedure, carry out the preparation of detonating, by professional, implement and detonate.
In step (1), polishing is welded in first 2 hours and is carried out in enforcement, cleans before implementing welding and carries out in 15min, in the 5min before enforcement is welded, need again clean.Cleaning agent is acetone soln.Above time requirement can guarantee that blank reaches required fineness before implementing welding.
In step (2), the thickness of extended plate, is as the criterion to meet the requirement of " extended plate and cladding plate can be implemented reliable welding, and reach weld strength ", and maximum ga(u)ge can not surpass the thickness of cladding plate.
In step (4), for auxiliary powder charge, the present invention has designed respectively " slope " shape and " mountain peak " shape powder charge model.The method that the auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends adopts " slope (up) " cloth prescription formula and primacord linearity in parallel to detonate, guarantee in the situation of the large thickness powder charge of super thick cladding plate welding use, obtain uniform and stable detonation wave, can eliminate the adverse effect of initiation ends unsteady detonation to the initial end of composite plate welding quality, guarantee welding quality simultaneously.Four linear primacords are arranged with parallel way, be embedded in the section start of initiation ends extended plate, primacord one end and electric cap in parallel link together, the common priming device that forms, while detonating, by electric cap, ignite primacord in parallel, then other bodies of charges of igniting, in primacord, explosive type is hexogen, and explosion velocity is 8750m/s.
Extended plate material can be selected material identical with cladding plate, also can use relatively inexpensive being easy to substitute with the metal material of cladding plate welding.By implementing the method for groove welding, extended plate and cladding plate are welded as a whole.The auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends slope initiating terminal charge depth is 70～100mm, raises gradually, concordant with main charge to end, has guaranteed seamlessly transitting of powder charge interface, has guaranteed the stable propagation of detonation wave.The auxiliary powder charge in both sides adopts " mountain peak type " cloth prescription formula, and " spike " powder charge exceeding has overcome the boundary effect at positions, both sides of the edge, and explosive use amount has effectively been saved again in " massif of inclination " powder charge.The auxiliary powder charge of end adopts " slope (descending) " cloth prescription French, by reducing gradually explosive payload, has avoided composite plate afterbody due to energy accumulation effect, produces the phenomenon of the material that shatters.By practical proof, above method can overcome the impact of unsteady detonation, boundary effect, the non-homogeneous propagation of detonation wave and end energy accumulation.
Explosive payload computing formula, was generally by the empirical equation of testing acquisition based on ammonium nitrate explosive in the past.The present invention is directed to the widely used emulsion of present stage explosive welding, for the specific (special) requirements of the composite metal plate explosive welding of this super thick cladding plate, by test, obtained following explosive payload and calculated empirical equation:
Main charge planar section thickness h 1by following empirical equation calculative determination:
h 1 = d f ρ f R min ρ e - - - ( 1 )
D in formula ffor cladding plate thickness, ρ ffor the density of cladding plate material, R minfor the cladding plate mass ratio of the explosive charge in unit are and unit are, by formula (2), determined ρ edensity for explosive.
R min = K 1 v d v p min ( 1.2 v d - v p min ) 2 - - - ( 2 )
V in formula dfor explosion velocity of explosive, v pminfor realizing the substrate of high-quality welding and the minimum impact velocity of cladding plate, by formula (3), calculate K 1for constant, K 1span be 4.2～4.5.
v p min = K H v ρ f - - - ( 3 )
In formula, K is constant, and the value of K should be 1.2～1.6.H vfor the surperficial Vickers hardness of cladding plate material, ρ fdensity for cladding plate material.
Above-mentioned formula is identical with explosive payload computing formula in the past in form, but constant K, K 1span there is larger variation: the value of K is 0.6～1.2 in the past, and treats that with metal the roughness of faying face is relevant, when metal is when faying face pretreatment is better, can remove the limit 0.6.But in formula of the present invention, the value of K should be between 1.1～1.6, and relevant with the bending strength of metal material, the bending strength of material is larger, and the value of K is larger.K in the past 1value be 4.1, and in the present invention, K 1value be 4.2～4.5.Adopt formula (1) to calculate v pmintime, the value of K value will suitably increase; Emulsion and ammonium nitrate explosive have different performances, cause K 1the larger variation of span;
By H v, ρ f, V detc. parameter, substitution formula (2), (3), can calculative determination V pminspan, main charge unit are charging quality and cladding plate quality ratio R minspan, then according to cladding plate density of material and Density of Emulsion Explosive value, bring formula (1) into, determine main charge planar section thickness h 1numerical value.
Two sheet separation empirical equation D ≈ 0.2 (h of literature recommendation 1+ d f), wherein, h1 is main charge planar section thickness, d ffor cladding plate thickness, therefore generally get D, be slightly larger than 0.2h 1.
Base, cladding plate gap empirical equation: D=(0.16～0.2) h that the present invention is definite 1, when cladding plate thickness is less than 35mm, D value is tending towards lower limit; When cladding plate thickness is greater than 35mm, D value is tending towards the upper limit.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the explosion welding method of the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate of the present invention, the emulsion adopting, not containing harmful substances such as TNT, meets the development trend of people's bursting charge, the requirement of the protection that conforms; Explosion velocity of explosive is lower, adapts to the needs of explosive welding; Determined different charge depth computing formula on diverse location, explosive payload is calculated and has been realized quantification, is conducive to eliminate blindness; Improve the method for ignition and powder charge model, determined the concrete grammar that overcomes the large thickness sheet metal of the puzzlement explosive weldings such as unsteady detonation, boundary effect, the non-homogeneous propagation of detonation wave and material shatter, guaranteed the welding quality of composite plate.The seam rate of the composite plate of this technique welding reaches 100%, seam face bond strength meets the law of force of bimetallic solid phase metallurgical binding, its combination interface is superior in quality fine wavy, interface impurity content must not, higher than raw-material corresponding impurity content, meet this composite plate welding quality requirement completely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is welding procedure installation diagram side view;
Fig. 2 is welding procedure installation diagram cutaway view.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described further.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, welding procedure installation diagram, in figure, cladding plate 2 be arranged in parallel with substrate 6, between cladding plate 2 and substrate 6, adopts supporter 5 to strut certain gap, at cladding plate 2 peripheries, extended plate 4 is set, in cladding plate 2 and extended plate 4, establish explosive 1 simultaneously, explosive 1 adopts 9 powder charges of " plane+wave " charge structure, establishes primacord 3 in parallel on explosive 1, and substrate 6 can be located on ground 8 by backing plate 7.
Embodiment 1
The blank plate that the present embodiment is used, material is Q345R, substrate specification: long 880mm, wide 280mm, thick 50mm; Cladding plate specification: long 880mm, wide 280mm, thick 50mm.
An explosion welding method for the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate, comprises the following steps:
(1) blank pretreatment
By operations such as smoothing, polishing, polishing and cleanings, remove corrosion and the oxide on blank plate surface, the unevenness of blank plate is less than 3mm/m, treats that the roughness of mating surface is less than 50 μ m;
(2) install extended plate additional
In cladding plate surrounding, extended plate is set as the frock of explosive welding.
That extended plate is generally selected is less expensive, be easy to the metal material that same cladding plate forms welding, extended plate and cladding plate are generally implemented groove welding, its weld strength, principle according to " guarantee before detonation wave arrives weld seam; extended plate and cladding plate are not separated; and after explosive welding process completes, extended plate and cladding plate be sealing-off automatically preferably " is definite.
Determining of extended plate size, diverse location extended plate size is determined by following formula:
The extended plate size of both sides:
Long: l 1=l, l is cladding plate length;
Wide: s 1=h 1/ tga, α gets 65 ° ± 2 °;
Initiation ends extended plate size:
Long: l 2=(h 1-h 2)/tg β, h 2for the auxiliary powder charge initiating terminal of initiation ends thickness, β gets 30 ° ± 2 °
Wide: s 2=B+2s 1, B is cladding plate width
End extended plate size:
Long: l 3=(h 1-h 4)/tg γ, h 4for the auxiliary powder charge end thickness of end, γ gets 45 ° ± 2 °
Wide: s 3=B+2s 1, B is cladding plate width;
(3) substrate, cladding plate (basis) are set
Substrate, the parallel placement of cladding plate, adopt cork block or foil as supporter between two plates, form gap.
The empirical equation that the height in substrate, cladding plate gap proposes by the present invention is calculated
When substrate, cladding plate Thickness Ratio are less than 3:1, need to use backing plate, as basis.Plate thickness need to guarantee that thickness that substrate adds backing plate is greater than 3 times of cladding plate thickness.Backing plate is placed in parallel in substrate below, ground top, and backing material is used common carbon steel material.
Ground adopts sandy soil ground.
(4) powder charge
Directly over cladding plate, institute's cloth explosive is main charge, and extended plate top institute cloth explosive is auxiliary powder charge.
Main charge adopts " plane+wave " formula cloth prescription formula; The auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends adopts " slope (up) " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge in both sides adopts " mountain peak type " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge of end adopts " slope (descending) " cloth prescription formula.
The area of base of main charge and auxiliary powder charge equals respectively the area of cladding plate and corresponding extended plate.
Main charge planar section thickness h 1by following empirical equation calculative determination:
h 1 = d f ρ f R min ρ e - - - ( 1 )
D in formula ffor cladding plate thickness, ρ ffor the density of cladding plate material, R minfor the cladding plate mass ratio of the explosive charge in unit are and unit are, by formula (2), determined ρ edensity for explosive.
R min = K 1 v d v p min ( 1.2 v d - v p min ) 2 - - - ( 2 )
V in formula dfor explosion velocity of explosive, v pminfor realizing the substrate of high-quality welding and the minimum impact velocity of cladding plate, by formula (3), calculate K 1for constant, K 1span be 4.2～4.5.
v p min = K H v ρ f - - - ( 3 )
In formula, K is constant, and the value of K should be 1.2～1.6.H vfor the surperficial Vickers hardness of cladding plate material, ρ fdensity for cladding plate material.Wave powder charge in main charge is consistent with both sides " mountain peak type " powder charge.
The auxiliary powder charge initiating terminal of initiation ends web h 2: h 2=70～100mm;
Both sides auxiliary powder charge spike web h 3: h 3=h 1+ 50mm;
The auxiliary powder charge end of end web h 4: h 4=h 1-50mm.
Main charge and auxiliary powder charge, the explosive kind of using for not containing the powdery emulsifying explosive of TNT composition, adopt calcium carbonate as moderator, the composite explosives that preparation explosion velocity is 2900～3100m/s.
(5) priming device is set
By 3～4 length l 4the primacord of=b+ (10～20) mm (b is initiation ends powder charge width), is arranged in parallel and bands together with cotton thread, is embedded in initiation ends powder charge, and primacord one end in parallel is reliably connected with electric cap, jointly forms linear priming device.Primacord external diameter is 5mm, and medicine core diameter is 3.5mm, and degree of packing is 1.0g/cm 3, in primacord, explosive type is hexogen, explosion velocity is 8750m/s.
(6) detonate
According to shotfiring safety operational procedure, carry out the preparation of detonating, by professional, implement and detonate.
In step (1), polishing is welded in first 2 hours and is carried out in enforcement, cleans before implementing welding and carries out in 15min, in the 5min before enforcement is welded, need again clean.Cleaning agent is acetone soln.Above time requirement can guarantee that blank reaches required fineness before implementing welding.
In step (2), the thickness of extended plate, is as the criterion to meet the requirement of " extended plate and cladding plate can be implemented reliable welding, and reach weld strength ", and maximum ga(u)ge can not surpass the thickness of cladding plate.
In step (3), base, cladding plate gap, by following empirical equation, calculate:
D=(0.16～0.2) h 1, h 1for main charge charge depth;
In step (4), for auxiliary powder charge, the present invention has designed respectively " slope " shape and " mountain peak " shape powder charge model.The method that the auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends adopts " slope (up) " cloth prescription formula and primacord linearity in parallel to detonate, guarantee in the situation of the large thickness powder charge of super thick cladding plate welding use, obtain uniform and stable detonation wave, can eliminate the adverse effect of initiation ends unsteady detonation to the initial end of composite plate welding quality, guarantee welding quality simultaneously.Four linear primacords are arranged with parallel way, be embedded in the section start of initiation ends extended plate, primacord one end and electric cap in parallel link together, the common priming device that forms, while detonating, by electric cap, ignite primacord in parallel, then other bodies of charges of igniting, in primacord, explosive type is hexogen, and explosion velocity is 8750m/s.
Extended plate material can be selected material identical with cladding plate, also can use relatively inexpensive being easy to substitute with the metal material of cladding plate welding.By implementing the method for groove welding, extended plate and cladding plate are welded as a whole.The auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends slope initiating terminal charge depth is 70～100mm, raises gradually, concordant with main charge to end, has guaranteed seamlessly transitting of powder charge interface, has guaranteed the stable propagation of detonation wave.The auxiliary powder charge in both sides adopts " mountain peak type " cloth prescription formula, and " spike " powder charge exceeding has overcome the boundary effect at positions, both sides of the edge, and explosive use amount has effectively been saved again in " massif of inclination " powder charge.The auxiliary powder charge of end adopts " slope (descending) " cloth prescription French, by reducing gradually explosive payload, has avoided composite plate afterbody due to energy accumulation effect, produces the phenomenon of the material that shatters.By practical proof, above method can overcome the impact of unsteady detonation, boundary effect, the non-homogeneous propagation of detonation wave and end energy accumulation.
Explosive payload computing formula, was generally by the empirical equation of testing acquisition based on ammonium nitrate explosive in the past.The present invention is directed to the widely used emulsion of present stage explosive welding, for the specific (special) requirements of the composite metal plate explosive welding of this super thick cladding plate, by test, obtained following explosive payload and calculated empirical equation:
Main charge planar section thickness h 1by following empirical equation calculative determination:
h 1 = d f ρ f R min ρ e - - - ( 1 )
D in formula ffor cladding plate thickness, ρ ffor the density of cladding plate material, R minfor the cladding plate mass ratio of the explosive charge in unit are and unit are, by formula (2), determined ρ edensity for explosive.
R min = K 1 v d v p min ( 1.2 v d - v p min ) 2 - - - ( 2 )
V in formula dfor explosion velocity of explosive, v pminfor realizing the substrate of high-quality welding and the minimum impact velocity of cladding plate, by formula (3), calculate K 1for constant, K 1span be 4.2～4.5.
v p min = K H v ρ f - - - ( 3 )
In formula, K is constant, and the value of K should be 1.2～1.6.H vfor the surperficial Vickers hardness of cladding plate material, ρ fdensity for cladding plate material.
Above-mentioned formula is identical with explosive payload computing formula in the past in form, but constant K, K 1span there is larger variation: the value of K is 0.6～1.2 in the past, and treats that with metal the roughness of faying face is relevant, when metal is when faying face pretreatment is better, can remove the limit 0.6.But in formula of the present invention, the value of K should be between 1.1～1.6, and relevant with the bending strength of metal material, the bending strength of material is larger, and the value of K is larger.K in the past 1value be 4.1, and in the present invention, K 1value be 4.2～4.5.Adopt formula (1) to calculate v pmintime, the value of K value will suitably increase; Emulsion and ammonium nitrate explosive have different performances, cause K 1the larger variation of span;
By H v, ρ f, V detc. parameter, substitution formula (2), (3), can calculative determination V pminspan, main charge unit are charging quality and cladding plate quality ratio R minspan, then according to cladding plate density of material and Density of Emulsion Explosive value, bring formula (1) into, determine main charge planar section thickness h 1numerical value.
Two sheet separation empirical equation D ≈ 0.2 (h of literature recommendation 1+ d f), wherein, h 1for main charge planar section thickness, d ffor cladding plate thickness, therefore generally get D, be slightly larger than 0.2h1.
Base, cladding plate gap empirical equation: D=(0.16～0.2) h that the present invention is definite 1, when cladding plate thickness is less than 35mm, D value is tending towards lower limit; When cladding plate thickness is greater than 35mm, D value is tending towards the upper limit.
(1) blank pretreatment
By operations such as smoothing, polishing, polishing and cleanings, remove corrosion and the oxide on blank plate surface, the unevenness of blank plate is 2.8mm/m, treats that the roughness of mating surface is less than 50 μ m.
(2) powder charge
Directly over cladding plate, institute's cloth explosive is main charge, and extended plate top institute cloth explosive is auxiliary powder charge.Main charge adopts " plane+wave " formula cloth prescription formula; The auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends adopts " slope (up) " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge in both sides adopts " mountain peak type " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge of end adopts " slope (descending) " cloth prescription formula.The area of base of main charge and auxiliary powder charge equals respectively the area of cladding plate and corresponding extended plate.
Powdery emulsifying explosive explosion velocity is configured to 3000m/s, density p e=1.0g/cm 3.
Main charge planar section thickness h 1by following empirical equation, calculated:
h 1 = d f ρ f R min ρ e - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, R minby following formula, determined,
R min = K 1 v d v p min ( 1.2 v d - v p min ) 2 - - - ( 2 )
V pminby following formula, determined,
v p min = K H v ρ f - - - ( 3 )
By H v=200, ρ f=7.83g/cm 3substitution formula (3), K gets 1.2, obtains v pmin=191.8m/s;
By v d=3000m/s, v pmin=191.8m/s substitution formula (2), K 1get 4.2, obtain R min=0.21;
By d f=50mm, ρ f=7.83g/cm 3, ρ e=1.0g/cm 3, R min=0.21 substitution formula (1), calculates h 1=360mm;
The auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends, " slope (up) " bodies of charges initiating terminal web: h 2get 100mm;
The auxiliary powder charge in both sides, " mountain peak type " bodies of charges peak spike web: h 3=h 1+ 50mm=410mm;
The auxiliary powder charge of end, " slope (descending) " bodies of charges end web: h 4=h 1-50mm=310mm.
(3) install extended plate additional
In cladding plate surrounding, extended plate is set as the frock of explosive welding.The Q345R that extended plate material selection is identical with cladding plate, extended plate and cladding plate are implemented groove welding.Determining of extended plate size:
The extended plate size of both sides:
Long: l 1=l=880mm;
Wide: s 1=h 1/ tga (α gets 65 °)=166mm;
Initiation ends extended plate size:
Long: l 2=(h 1-h 2)/tg β=450mm, h 2get 100mm, β gets 30 °;
Wide: s 2=B+2s 1=612mm;
End extended plate size:
Long: l 3=(h 1-h 4)/tg γ (γ gets 45 °)=50mm;
Wide: s 3=B+2s=612mm.
(4) substrate, cladding plate (basis) are set
Substrate, the parallel placement of cladding plate, adopt cork block as supporter between two plates, forms gap.The empirical equation that the height in substrate, cladding plate gap proposes by the present invention is calculated:
D=(0.16～0.2) * h 1=72mm; Wherein, select 0.2 in 0.16～0.2;
When substrate, cladding plate Thickness Ratio are 1:1, need to use backing plate, backing material is selected Q345R, and thickness is 140mm.
Ground adopts sandy soil ground.
(5) priming device is set
By 4 primacords, be arranged in parallel and band together with cotton thread, be embedded in initiation ends powder charge, primacord one end in parallel is reliably connected with electric cap, jointly forms linear priming device.Primacord length is calculated by following formula:
L 4=b+ (10～20) mm (b is initiation ends powder charge width);
Substitution b=612mm, obtains l 4=622mm～632mm, gets l 4=630mm is as primacord length.
(6) detonate
According to shotfiring safety operational procedure, carry out the preparation of detonating, by professional, implement and detonate.
Composite plate blast is compound by check, and seam rate is 100%, and seam face bond strength mean value reaches 331Mpa, and minimum of a value is 325Mpa, meets the law of force of metal solid phase metallurgical binding, and combination interface is fine wavy.
Embodiment 2
The blank plate material of the present embodiment is Q345R, substrate specification: long 880mm, wide 280mm, thick 35mm; Cladding plate specification: long 880mm, wide 280mm, thick 35mm.
(1) blank pretreatment:
By operations such as smoothing, polishing, polishing and cleanings, remove corrosion and the oxide on blank plate surface, the unevenness of blank plate is 2.8mm/m, treats that the roughness of mating surface is less than 50 μ m;
(2) powder charge
Directly over cladding plate, institute's cloth explosive is main charge, and extended plate top institute cloth explosive is auxiliary powder charge.Main charge adopts " plane+wave " formula cloth prescription formula; The auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends adopts " slope (up) " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge in both sides adopts " mountain peak type " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge of end adopts " slope (descending) " cloth prescription formula.The area of base of main charge and auxiliary powder charge equals respectively the area of cladding plate and corresponding extended plate.Powdery emulsifying explosive explosion velocity is configured to 3000m/s, density p e=1.0g/cm 3.Main charge planar section thickness h 1by following empirical equation, calculated:
h 1 = d f ρ f R min ρ e - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, R minby following formula, determined,
R min = K 1 v d v p min ( 1.2 v d - v p min ) 2 - - - ( 2 )
V pminby following formula, determined,
v p min = K H v ρ f - - - ( 3 )
By H v=200, ρ f=7.83g/cm 3substitution formula (3), K gets 1.2, obtains v pmin=191.8m/s;
By v d=3000m/s, v pmin=191.8m/s substitution formula (2), K 1get 4.2, obtain R min=0.21;
By d f=35mm, ρ f=7.83g/cm 3, ρ e=1.0g/cm 3, R min=0.21 substitution formula (1), calculates h 1=260mm;
The auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends, " slope (up) " bodies of charges initiating terminal web: h 2get 100mm;
The auxiliary powder charge in both sides, " mountain peak type " bodies of charges peak spike web: h 3=h 1+ 50mm=310mm;
The auxiliary powder charge of end, " slope (descending) " bodies of charges end web: h 4=h 1-50mm=210mm.
(3) install extended plate additional
In cladding plate surrounding, extended plate is set as the frock of explosive welding.The Q345R that extended plate material selection is identical with cladding plate, extended plate and cladding plate are implemented groove welding.Determining of extended plate size:
The extended plate size of both sides:
Long: l 1=l=880mm;
Wide: s 1=h 1/ tga (α gets 65 °)=120mm;
Initiation ends extended plate size:
Long: l 2=(h 1-h 2)/tg β=275mm, wherein h 2get 100mm, β gets 30 °;
Wide: s 2=B+2s 1=520mm;
End extended plate size:
Long: l 3=(h 1-h 4)/tg γ=50mm, wherein γ gets 45 °;
Wide: s 3=B+2s=520mm.
(4) substrate, cladding plate (basis) are set
Substrate, the parallel placement of cladding plate, adopt cork block as supporter between two plates, forms gap.The empirical equation that the height in substrate, cladding plate gap proposes by the present invention is calculated:
D=(0.16～0.2) * h 1=42mm, the value in 0.16～0.2 is 0.16;
When substrate, cladding plate Thickness Ratio are 1:1, need to use backing plate, backing material is selected Q345R, and thickness is 140mm.
Ground adopts sandy soil ground.
(5) priming device is set
By 4 primacords, be arranged in parallel and band together with cotton thread, be embedded in initiation ends powder charge, primacord one end in parallel is reliably connected with electric cap, jointly forms linear priming device.Primacord length is calculated by following formula:
L 4=b+ (10～20) mm (b is initiation ends powder charge width)
Substitution b=520mm, obtains l 4=532mm～542mm, gets l 4=530mm is as primacord length.
(6) detonate
According to shotfiring safety operational procedure, carry out the preparation of detonating, by professional, implement and detonate.
Composite plate blast is compound by check, and seam rate is 100%, and seam face bond strength mean value reaches 353Mpa, and minimum of a value is 336Mpa, meets the law of force of metal solid phase metallurgical binding, and combination interface is fine wavy.

Claims (7)

1. an explosion welding method for the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate, the cladding plate thickness of welding is more than 25mm, to it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) substrate, the pretreatment of cladding plate blank, guarantee that the unevenness of blank plate is less than 3mm/m, treats that the roughness of mating surface is less than 50 μ m;
(2) cladding plate periphery installs extended plate additional as the frock of explosive welding, and the extended plate size on cladding plate periphery diverse location is determined by following formula:
The extended plate size of cladding plate both sides:
Long: l 1=l, l is cladding plate length;
Wide: s 1=h 1/ tga, α gets 65 ° ± 2 °;
Initiation ends extended plate size:
Long: l 2=(h 1-h 2)/tg β, h 2for the initiating terminal thickness of the auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends, β gets 30 ° ± 2 °;
Wide: s 2=B+2s 1, B is cladding plate width;
Cladding plate rear end extended plate size:
Long: l 3=(h 1-h 4)/tg γ, h 4for the end thickness of the auxiliary powder charge in cladding plate rear end, γ gets 45 ° ± 2 °;
Wide: s 3=B+2s 1, B is cladding plate width;
(3) substrate, cladding plate be arranged in parallel, adopt cork block or foil as supporter between two plates, form gap; Calculate by empirical equation in the gap of substrate, cladding plate: D=(0.16～0.2) h 1, h 1for main charge planar section thickness; Wherein, substrate is located on ground;
(4) cloth main charge directly over cladding plate, the auxiliary powder charge of cloth above extended plate; Main charge adopts " plane+wave " formula cloth prescription formula; The auxiliary powder charge of initiation ends adopts " slope (up) " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge in cladding plate both sides adopts " mountain peak type " cloth prescription formula, and the auxiliary powder charge in cladding plate rear end adopts " slope (descending) " cloth prescription formula; The area of base of main charge and auxiliary powder charge equals respectively the area of cladding plate and corresponding extended plate; Main charge planar section thickness h 1by following empirical equation, determined:
h 1 = d f ρ f R min ρ e - - - ( 1 )
D in formula ffor cladding plate thickness, ρ ffor the density of cladding plate material, R minfor the cladding plate mass ratio of the explosive charge in unit are and unit are, by formula (2), determined ρ edensity for explosive;
R min = K 1 v d v p min ( 1.2 v d - v p min ) 2 - - - ( 2 )
V in formula dfor explosion velocity of explosive, v pminfor realizing the substrate of high-quality welding and the minimum impact velocity of cladding plate, by formula (3), calculate K 1for constant, K 1span be 4.2～4.5;
v p min = K H v ρ f - - - ( 3 )
In formula, K is constant, and the span of K is 1.2～1.6; H vfor the surperficial Vickers hardness of cladding plate material, ρ fdensity for cladding plate material;
The auxiliary powder charge initiating terminal of initiation ends web h 2=70～100mm;
Cladding plate both sides auxiliary powder charge spike web h 3=h 1+ 50mm;
Cladding plate rear end auxiliary powder charge end web h 4=h 1-50mm;
(5) by 3～4 length l 4the primacord of=b+ (10～20) mm, is arranged in parallel and bands together with cotton thread, is embedded in initiation ends powder charge, and primacord one end in parallel is reliably connected with electric cap, jointly forms linear priming device; Wherein, b is initiation ends powder charge width;
(6) welding of detonating.
2. the explosion welding method of the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the base in step (1), the pretreatment of cladding plate blank, comprise smoothing, polishing, polishing and matting, remove corrosion and the oxide on blank plate surface; Wherein, polishing process welds in first 2 hours and carries out in enforcement, and matting is carried out in 15min before implementing welding, in the 5min before enforcement is welded, need again clean, and cleaning agent is acetone soln.
3. the explosion welding method of the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (2), extended plate and cladding plate are generally implemented groove welding, its weld strength, principle according to " guarantee before detonation wave arrives weld seam; extended plate and cladding plate are not separated, and after explosive welding process completes, extended plate and cladding plate be sealing-off automatically preferably " is definite.
4. the explosion welding method of the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (3), when substrate, cladding plate Thickness Ratio are less than 3:1, between substrate and ground, add backing plate, the assurance " thickness that substrate adds backing plate is greater than 3 times of cladding plate thickness " of take is principle, backing material is used common carbon steel material, smears anti-solder flux between substrate and backing plate, to avoid substrate and backing plate formation welding in explosive welding process.
5. the explosion welding method of the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (4), main charge and auxiliary powder charge are used explosive kind for not containing the powdery emulsifying explosive of TNT composition, adopt calcium carbonate as moderator, the composite explosives that preparation explosion velocity is 2900～3100m/s.
6. the explosion welding method of the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (5), primacord external diameter is 5mm, and medicine core diameter is 3.5mm, and degree of packing is 1.0g/cm 3, in primacord, explosive type is hexogen, explosion velocity is 8750m/s.
7. the explosion welding method of the composite metal plate of super thick cladding plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (6), before detonating, according to shotfiring safety operational procedure, carry out the preparation of detonating, by professional, implemented and detonated.
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