Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of explosion welding method with ply-metal of very special quality requirement, the seam rate of guaranteeing composite plate is 100%, seam face bond strength meets the law of force of bimetallic solid phase metallurgical binding, combination interface is fine wavy, and the interface impurity content must not be higher than raw-material corresponding impurity content.
Technical scheme: in order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of explosion welding method with ply-metal of very special quality requirement may further comprise the steps:
(1) blank preliminary treatment: by smoothing, polishing, polishing and cleaning treatment, the unevenness of control blank plate is removed corrosion and the oxide on blank plate surface less than 2mm/m, makes blank plate treat that the roughness Ra of mating surface is less than 0.05mm;
(2) powder charge: with substrate, the parallel placement of cladding plate, in the cladding plate surrounding extended plate is set, in cladding plate and extended plate dress " basin " shape bodies of charges, the bodies of charges upper and lower surface is parallel with extended plate with cladding plate, institute's cloth explosive is main charge directly over the cladding plate, and extended plate top institute cloth explosive is auxiliary powder charge, and auxiliary charge depth is greater than main charge thickness, along being connected with the Slope Facies of main charge outer by suitable angle, this angle is along the inclination angle in the auxiliary powder charge in the auxiliary powder charge;
Wherein, explosive payload is by following formula calculative determination:
(1)
In the formula
Be the substrate of realizing the high-quality welding, the minimum impact velocity of cladding plate, K, K
1Be constant,
Be the surperficial Vickers hardness of cladding plate material,
Be the density of cladding plate material,
Be the cladding plate mass ratio of the explosive charge on the unit are and unit are,
Be explosion velocity of explosive,
Be charge depth,
Be the density of explosive,
Be cladding plate thickness; The value of K should be between 1.2~1.6, and the value of K is larger; K
1Value then be 4.2~4.5;
Determine the main charge thickness h
1With auxiliary powder charge h
2: h
1=(6.7~7.5)
, h
2=1.2h
1, in the formula,
Be cladding plate thickness;
Substrate, cladding plate clearance D are determined: D=0.2h
1
The extended plate size is determined:
Width extended plate size: long: equal cladding plate length, wide: as to equal h
1
Initiation ends extended plate size: long: 100mm, wide: as to equal cladding plate width+2h
1
Terminal extended plate size: long: 50mm, wide: as to equal cladding plate width+2h
1
Extended plate thickness: (1/2~1)
(3) detonate, welding gets final product.
In the step (1), polishing and cleaning are carried out in the 15min before implementing welding, in the 5min before implementing welding, need again clean.
Described very special quality requires to comprise: the seam rate reaches 100%; Combination interface is fine wavy; Composite plate shear strength after welding is finished is not less than 290Mpa.
Described cleaning agent is common medicinal alcohol.
In the step (2), explosive is selected the powdery emulsifying explosive that does not contain TNT, adopts calcium carbonate as moderator, and the preparation explosion velocity is the composite explosives of 2400 ~ 2600m/s, and density is 1.0g/cm
3
The present invention is " basin " shape with the powder charge modelling, can eliminate like this initiation ends unsteady detonation to the adverse effect of compound initial end welding quality; Eliminate the detonation boundary effect to the adverse effect of position, composite plate surrounding welding quality; Eliminate the discontinuity that detonation wave is propagated between main charge and the auxiliary powder charge.
The explosive payload computing formula generally was based on the empirical equation that ammonium nitrate explosive is obtained by test in the past.The present invention for the specific (special) requirements of this ply-metal explosive welding, has obtained following explosive payload computing formula by test to the widely used emulsion of present stage explosive welding:
In the formula
Be the base of realizing the high-quality welding, the minimum impact velocity of cladding plate, K, K
1Be constant,
Be the surperficial Vickers hardness of cladding plate material,
Be the density of cladding plate material,
Be the cladding plate mass ratio of the explosive charge on the unit are and unit are,
Be explosion velocity of explosive,
Be charge depth,
Be the density of explosive,
Be cladding plate thickness.Above-mentioned formula is identical with in the past explosive payload computing formula in form, but constant K, K
1Span larger variation has occured: the value of K is 0.6~1.2 in the past, and treats that with metal the roughness of faying face is relevant, when metal treats that the faying face preliminary treatment is fine, can remove the limit 0.6.But in formula of the present invention, the value of K should be between 1.2~1.6, and relevant with the bending strength of metal material, and the bending strength of material is larger, and the value of K is larger.K in the past
1Value be 4.1, and in invention, K
1Value then be 4.2~4.5.This be because: the 316L Vickers hardness is about 0.5 times of ordinary carbon steel, but its density and bending strength are but close with ordinary carbon steel, adopts formula (1) to calculate
The time, the value of K value during than the straight carbon steel explosive welding suitably increases; Emulsion has different performances with ammonium nitrate explosive, causes K
1The larger variation of span; The explosive composite material that the present invention relates to is not steel and steel, and K and K
1Value not only depend on material property as the 316L of cladding plate, also be subject to the material property impact as substrate CuCrZr alloy.
Will
=94, ρ
f=7.89g/cm
3,
The parameters such as=2400~2600m/s, substitution formula (1), (2), (3), calculative determination
=416m/s~555m/s, main charge unit are charging quality and cladding plate quality ratio
=0.86~0.97, again according to cladding plate (316L stainless steel) density of material 7.89g/cm
3With Density of Emulsion Explosive 1.0 g/cm
3, determine the main charge thickness h
1With auxiliary powder charge h
2Computing formula: h
1=(6.7~7.5)
, h
2=1.2h
1In the formula,
Be cladding plate thickness.
The present invention utilizes two sheet separation empirical formula D ≈ 0.2 (h on the basis of fixed optimum charge thickness
1+
), wherein, h
1Be main charge thickness,
Be cladding plate thickness, because
Generally much smaller than h
1, therefore ignore
, in the main charge thickness h
1In the situation about determining, obtain the empirical equation of base, cladding plate gap optimization: D=0.2 h
1
The present invention adopts the method that connects extended plate at the cladding plate edge to control the method for boundary effect, and the extended plate material can be selected identical material with cladding plate, also can use relatively inexpensive Q345 straight carbon steel to substitute.Method by electric welding is welded as a whole extended plate and cladding plate.Auxiliary charge depth h2 is larger 20% than main charge thickness h 1 on the extended plate, tilts to main charge along being ramped shaped in the auxiliary powder charge, until concordant with main charge, is controlled at 15 ℃~20 ℃ along the inclination angle in the auxiliary powder charge.So that in welding process, the influence area of boundary effect has been drawn the zone that needs welding substantially, and by increasing the extended plate charge depth so that the cladding plate boundary can obtain larger flying speed, offset the impact of segment boundary effect.Guarantee seamlessly transitting of powder charge interface along being connected with the slope of main charge outer by certain angle of inclination in the auxiliary powder charge, guaranteed the stable propagation of detonation wave.By practical proof, above method can overcome the impact of boundary effect.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the explosion welding method with ply-metal of very special quality requirement of the present invention, the emulsion that adopts does not contain the harmful substances such as TNT, meets the development trend of people's bursting charge, the requirement of the protection that conforms; Explosion velocity of explosive is lower, adapts to the needs of explosive welding; Determined different charge depth computing formula on the diverse location, explosive payload is calculated and has been realized quantification, is conducive to eliminate blindness; Determine the method for control boundary effect, guaranteed the reliable welding on four limits of composite plate.The seam rate of the composite plate of this technique welding reaches 100%, seam face bond strength meets the law of force of bimetallic solid phase metallurgical binding, its combination interface is superior in quality fine wavy, the interface impurity content must not be higher than raw-material corresponding impurity content, satisfies this composite plate welding quality requirement fully.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of explosion welding method with ply-metal of very special quality requirement may further comprise the steps:
(1) blank preliminary treatment: by smoothing, polishing, polishing and cleaning treatment, the unevenness of control blank plate is removed corrosion and the oxide on blank plate surface less than 2mm/m, makes blank plate treat that the roughness Ra of mating surface is less than 0.05mm; Polishing and cleaning are carried out in the 15min before implementing welding, in the 5min before implementing welding, need again clean with common medicinal alcohol.
(2) powder charge: as shown in Figure 1, substrate 1 is passed through intermittently gripper shoe 5 parallel placements with cladding plate 2, in the cladding plate surrounding extended plate 3 is set, in cladding plate and extended plate dress " basin " shape bodies of charges 4, the bodies of charges upper and lower surface is parallel with extended plate with cladding plate, institute's cloth explosive is main charge directly over the cladding plate, extended plate top institute cloth explosive is auxiliary powder charge, auxiliary charge depth is greater than main charge thickness, along being connected with the Slope Facies of main charge outer by suitable angle, this angle is along the inclination angle in the auxiliary powder charge in the auxiliary powder charge; Explosive is selected the powdery emulsifying explosive that does not contain TNT, adopts calcium carbonate as moderator, and the preparation explosion velocity is the composite explosives of 2400 ~ 2600m/s, and density is 1.0g/cm
3
Wherein, explosive payload is by following formula calculative determination:
In the formula
Be the substrate of realizing the high-quality welding, the minimum impact velocity of cladding plate, K, K
1Be constant,
Be the surperficial Vickers hardness of cladding plate material,
Be the density of cladding plate material,
Be the cladding plate mass ratio of the explosive charge on the unit are and unit are,
Be explosion velocity of explosive,
Be charge depth,
Be the density of explosive,
Be cladding plate thickness; The value of K should be between 1.2~1.6, and the value of K is larger; K
1Value then be 4.2~4.5;
Determine the main charge thickness h
1With auxiliary powder charge h
2: h
1=(6.7~7.5)
, h
2=1.2h
1, in the formula,
Be cladding plate thickness;
Substrate, cladding plate clearance D are determined: D=0.2h
1
The extended plate size is determined:
Width extended plate size: long: equal cladding plate length, wide: as to equal h
1
Initiation ends extended plate size: long: 100mm, wide: as to equal cladding plate width+2h
1
Terminal extended plate size: long: 50mm, wide: as to equal cladding plate width+2h
1
Extended plate thickness: (1/2~1)
(3) detonate, welding gets final product.
Wherein, the material of cladding plate is the 316L stainless steel, specification: thick 6mm, long 580mm, wide 290mm; The material of substrate is the CuCrZr alloy, specification: thick 13mm, long 580mm, wide 290mm.
The powdery emulsifying explosive explosion velocity that is laid on the cladding plate is 2500m/s.
According to base, cladding plate size, and according to the main charge thickness h
1With the computing formula of base, cladding plate clearance D, main charge thickness is got: h
1=6.7
=6.7 * 6 ≈ 40mm;
Base, cladding plate clearance D=0.2h
1=0.2 * 40=8mm.
The extended plate material is the 316L stainless steel, and size is set as:
Initiation ends extended plate: long: 100mm, wide: 370mm is thick: 6mm;
Terminal extended plate: long: 50mm, wide: 370mm is thick: 6mm;
Width extended plate: long: 580mm, wide: 40mm is thick: 6mm;
Auxiliary charge depth h
2=1.2h
1=1.2 * 40=48mm, the inclination angle is got 18 ℃ in the auxiliary powder charge.
The composite plate blast is compound by check, and the seam rate is 100%, and seam face bond strength mean value reaches 331Mpa, and minimum of a value is 325Mpa, meets the law of force of bimetallic solid phase metallurgical binding, and combination interface is fine wavy.
Embodiment 2
A kind of explosion welding method with ply-metal of very special quality requirement may further comprise the steps:
(1) blank preliminary treatment: by smoothing, polishing, polishing and cleaning treatment, the unevenness of control blank plate is removed corrosion and the oxide on blank plate surface less than 2mm/m, makes blank plate treat that the roughness Ra of mating surface is less than 0.05mm; Polishing and cleaning are carried out in the 15min before implementing welding, in the 5min before implementing welding, need again clean with common medicinal alcohol.
(2) powder charge: with substrate, the parallel placement of cladding plate, in the cladding plate surrounding extended plate is set, in cladding plate and extended plate dress " basin " shape bodies of charges, the bodies of charges upper and lower surface is parallel with extended plate with cladding plate, institute's cloth explosive is main charge directly over the cladding plate, and extended plate top institute cloth explosive is auxiliary powder charge, and auxiliary charge depth is greater than main charge thickness, along being connected with the Slope Facies of main charge outer by suitable angle, this angle is along the inclination angle in the auxiliary powder charge in the auxiliary powder charge; Explosive is selected the powdery emulsifying explosive that does not contain TNT, adopts calcium carbonate as moderator, and the preparation explosion velocity is the composite explosives of 2400 ~ 2600m/s, and density is 1.0g/cm
3
Wherein, explosive payload is by following formula calculative determination:
(3)
In the formula
Be the substrate of realizing the high-quality welding, the minimum impact velocity of cladding plate, K, K
1Be constant,
Be the surperficial Vickers hardness of cladding plate material,
Be the density of cladding plate material,
Be the cladding plate mass ratio of the explosive charge on the unit are and unit are,
Be explosion velocity of explosive,
Be charge depth,
Be the density of explosive,
Be cladding plate thickness; The value of K should be between 1.2~1.6, and the value of K is larger; K
1Value then be 4.2~4.5;
Determine the main charge thickness h
1With auxiliary powder charge h
2: h
1=(6.7~7.5)
, h
2=1.2h
1, in the formula,
Be cladding plate thickness;
Substrate, cladding plate clearance D are determined: D=0.2h
1
The extended plate size is determined:
Width extended plate size: long: equal cladding plate length, wide: as to equal h
1
Initiation ends extended plate size: long: 100mm, wide: as to equal cladding plate width+2h
1
Terminal extended plate size: long: 50mm, wide: as to equal cladding plate width+2h
1
Extended plate thickness: (1/2~1)
(3) detonate, welding gets final product.
The material of cladding plate is the 316L stainless steel, specification: thick 6.5mm, long 980mm, wide 290mm;
The material of substrate is the CuCrZr alloy, specification: thick 15mm, long 980mm, wide 290mm.
The powdery emulsifying explosive explosion velocity that is laid on the cladding plate is 2500m/s.
According to base, cladding plate size, and according to the main charge thickness h
1Computing formula with base, cladding plate clearance D: main charge thickness is got: h
1=6.8
=6.7 * 6.5=45mm;
Base, cladding plate clearance D=0.2h
1=0.2 * 45=9mm.
The extended plate material is the Q345 straight carbon steel, and size is set as:
Initiation ends extended plate: long: 100mm, wide: 380mm is thick: 4mm;
Terminal extended plate: long: 50mm, wide: 380mm is thick: 4mm;
Width extended plate: long: 980mm, wide: 45mm is thick: 4mm;
Auxiliary charge depth h
2=1.2h
1=1.2 * 45=54mm.The inclination angle is got 15 ℃ in the auxiliary powder charge.
The composite plate blast is compound by check, and the seam rate is 100%, and seam face bond strength mean value reaches 346Mpa, and minimum of a value is 338 Mpa, meets the law of force of bimetallic solid phase metallurgical binding, and combination interface is fine wavy.