CN104093940B - 在三维加工中心中加工叶片的方法以及涡轮发动机 - Google Patents

在三维加工中心中加工叶片的方法以及涡轮发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104093940B
CN104093940B CN201380007650.2A CN201380007650A CN104093940B CN 104093940 B CN104093940 B CN 104093940B CN 201380007650 A CN201380007650 A CN 201380007650A CN 104093940 B CN104093940 B CN 104093940B
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blade
upstream
dimension process
root
support member
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CN104093940A (zh
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迈克尔·汉森
胡-坦·特雷
克里斯蒂安·博雷德
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B23Q3/063—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/02—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from one piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005—Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • F01D11/006—Sealing the gap between rotor blades or blades and rotor
    • F01D11/008—Sealing the gap between rotor blades or blades and rotor by spacer elements between the blades, e.g. independent interblade platforms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/10—Manufacture by removing material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/68—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/306—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the suction side of a rotor blade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49336—Blade making

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于在三维加工中心中加工叶片的方法，所述叶片(10)包括翼型叶片(18)，在分别形成用于密封衬垫(20)的上游和下游支撑件的上游和下游部分下方的平台(12)，叶片根(16)以及插入在所述平台和叶片根部之间的支柱(14)，其中所述支撑件形成用于将叶片定位在三维加工中心中的六点系统的两个支撑点(22A，22B)。本发明还公开了包括多个通过上述方法获得的叶片的涡轮发动机。

Description

在三维加工中心中加工叶片的方法以及涡轮发动机
技术领域
本发明通常涉及飞机或直升机发动机的燃气轮机领域，并且特别地涉及一种制造叶片的方法，该方法用于在加工过程中使应力和重量最小化。
背景技术
通常，叶片是特别复杂的零件，对于叶片来说使用铸造工艺制造是漫长且昂贵的，并被发现是困难的，特别是由于所要求的制造公差。
由于其尺寸公差是毫米量级的以及由于其表面状态，外壳是很少可直接地使用的零件。因此其随后必须至少部分地加工(通常在数控加工中心上)，这使得有必要求助于特定于这种加工的几何参照系。不幸地，为了执行加工操作，有必要选择一种用于在该加工中心中定位该零件的系统，该系统被优化并且保证所需精度同时也容易检查。该定位系统还必须静态地确定，即它必须能够使该零件无歧义地定位在三维空间中，通常使用适当分布的六个支撑点，特别是为了使它们之间的距离最大化。一旦该零件被加工，这些支撑点依然存在，并且实际上它们不是有尺寸的点而是有限值小尺寸的点，然而不过是足够小以接近理想点。
不幸地，例如，涡轮机的移动叶片通常是小尺寸的，这使得特别地当非零尺寸的支撑点产生额外重量时，很难使支撑点之间的距离最大化。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的因此是通过提出一种加工叶片的方法来缓解这种缺陷，该方法特别地使得可使机械应力的集中最小化，同时也降低重量。
通过一种在三维加工中心加工叶片的方法来实现该目的，所述叶片包括机翼，具有分别在其上游和下游部分形成用于支撑密封衬垫的上游和下游支撑件的平台，叶片根部，以及插入在所述平台和所述叶片根部之间的支柱，所述方法的特征在于，所述支撑件也构成用于在所述三维加工中心中定位所述叶片的六点定位系统的两个支撑点。
通过限制叶片上的应力集中，支撑功能和支撑点功能的这种组合使得可简化待实施的加工，以及也获得所期望的重量降低。
根据有利的规定，所述支撑点形成在所述支柱的所述吸入侧上。
本发明还提供了一种通过该方法获得的叶片以及一种包括多个如上所述叶片的涡轮发动机。
附图说明
从参考单个附图的以下描述，本发明的其它特征和优点变得明显，该附图示出了没有限制性特征的实施例。
具体实施方式
该唯一附图是涡轮发动机叶片10的正视图，例如风扇叶片，涡轮叶片或压缩机叶片，该叶片以已知方式紧固到发动机转子盘外围(未示出)以及通常包括在平台12以下并且由支柱14与其分隔开的圣诞树或燕尾形的叶片根部16，该根部容纳于转子盘外围的对应的狭槽或凹槽(未示出)中。
支柱14具有与叶片根部16相比很小的厚度，以穿过由该狭槽所限定的开口并在根部和叶片的气动部分(或翼面18)之间提供机械连接。在平台以下存在有用于密封衬垫20的通常布置在上游和下游的支撑件12A和12B，其中“上游”和“下游”相对于在叶片之间穿过的空气流。
为了能加工这种叶片，需要限定参考面和支撑点，该参考面为用于测量零件的开始表面，并且支撑点用作加工以及用于零件的随后检查的参考点。通常存在有分布在用于加工的零件周围的六个支撑点，它们形成了能使零件在三维加工中心中被加工的六点定位系统的部分。
在本发明中，在吸入侧上的支柱14的侧面被选定作为参考面并且密封衬垫的上游和下游支撑件也用作用于在三维加工中心中定位叶片的六点定位系统的支撑点22A，22B，其它四个支撑点分布在叶片的其它表面上。在该结构中，这两个支撑点相对接近支柱的边缘，从而使它们之间的间距最大。由已经出现在密封衬垫20的支撑点根部的许多曲率半径所导致的应力集中并没有增加，因为这些曲率半径与由支撑点所导致的这些组合在一起分组，由于在这两个点处组合的支撑和轴承功能重合的事实，叶片的整体重量也减少了。

Claims (3)

1.一种在三维加工中心中加工叶片(10)的方法，所述叶片(10)包括翼面(18)，具有分别在其上游部分和下游部分下形成用于支撑密封衬垫(20)的上游和下游支撑件(12A，12B)的平台(12)，叶片根部(16)，以及插在所述平台和所述叶片根部之间的支柱(14)，其特征在于，所述上游和下游支撑件也构成用于在所述三维加工中心中定位所述叶片的六点定位系统的两个支撑点(22A，22B)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述支撑点形成在所述支柱的吸入侧上。
3.一种涡轮发动机，其包括多个通过权利要求1或2所述的方法获得的叶片。
CN201380007650.2A 2012-02-02 2013-01-24 在三维加工中心中加工叶片的方法以及涡轮发动机 Expired - Fee Related CN104093940B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR1251000 2012-02-02
FR1251000A FR2986557B1 (fr) 2012-02-02 2012-02-02 Optimisation des points d'appui des echasses d'aubes mobiles dans un procede d'usinage de ces aubes
PCT/FR2013/050146 WO2013114024A1 (fr) 2012-02-02 2013-01-24 Optimisation des points d'appui des echasses d'aubes dans un procede d'usinage de ces aubes.

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US (1) US20140369844A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2809887B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN104093940B (zh)
BR (1) BR112014018185A8 (zh)
CA (1) CA2861078A1 (zh)
FR (1) FR2986557B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2626908C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2013114024A1 (zh)

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CN108876852B (zh) * 2017-05-09 2021-06-22 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 一种基于3d视觉的在线实时物体识别定位方法
EP3438410B1 (en) 2017-08-01 2021-09-29 General Electric Company Sealing system for a rotary machine
US10934874B2 (en) 2019-02-06 2021-03-02 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Assembly of blade and seal for blade pocket

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FR2956996B1 (fr) * 2010-03-05 2012-06-01 Snecma Dispositif de maintien d'une aube par sa pale lors de l'usinage de son pied

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Publication number Publication date
CN104093940A (zh) 2014-10-08
EP2809887B2 (fr) 2019-09-18
FR2986557B1 (fr) 2015-09-25
FR2986557A1 (fr) 2013-08-09
BR112014018185A8 (pt) 2017-07-11
EP2809887A1 (fr) 2014-12-10
RU2014135523A (ru) 2016-03-27
BR112014018185A2 (zh) 2017-06-20
WO2013114024A1 (fr) 2013-08-08
RU2626908C2 (ru) 2017-08-02
EP2809887B1 (fr) 2016-09-28
CA2861078A1 (fr) 2013-08-08
US20140369844A1 (en) 2014-12-18

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