CN104089279A - Low-nitrogen combustion system - Google Patents
Low-nitrogen combustion system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104089279A CN104089279A CN201410323416.7A CN201410323416A CN104089279A CN 104089279 A CN104089279 A CN 104089279A CN 201410323416 A CN201410323416 A CN 201410323416A CN 104089279 A CN104089279 A CN 104089279A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-nitrogen combustion system which comprises a humidifier, a secondary air main pipe, a main combustion area, a transition area and a burn-out area. The humidifier is used for providing steam, the secondary air main pipe is communicated with the humidifier and used for guiding the steam in the humidifier, the main combustion area is communicated with the secondary air main pipe, the steam is guided into the main combustion area so that hydrogen can be generated through a water gas reaction and a water gas shift reaction in the main combustion area, nitrogen is reduced from nitrogen oxide through the hydrogen, the transition area is communicated with the main combustion area, the connection portion of the transition area and the main combustion area is provided with a secondary hydrogen increasing nozzle used for ejecting secondary hydrogen increasing media to the transition area, hydrogen is generated again through a carbon dioxide reduction reaction and the water gas reaction, nitrogen is reduced from the nitrogen oxide through the hydrogen again, and the burn-out area is communicated with the transition area and used for exhausting gas generated in the transition area. The low-nitrogen combustion system reduces generation of the nitrogen oxide, and meanwhile achieves effective combustion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of clean burning, relate in particular to a kind of low nitrogen burning system.
Background technology
Coal-burning boiler is the main frame in thermal power plant, is also main NO
xemission source.At present, control coal-burning boiler NO
xthe Technology Ways of discharge, is divided into low nitrogen burning technology and gas denitrifying technology.
Existing low nitrogen technology, when reality is used, often causes the decline of boiler combustion efficiency.In order to eliminate the efficiency loss that low nitrogen burning causes, and be subject to the restriction of source of the gas supply and operating cost.
In various low nitrogen burning technology; for example, while Researched of Air Staging Combustion Burning Pulverized Coal technology being used for to low volatile coal (such as anthracite and meager coal); after-flame poor-performing due to fuel; after-flame wind postposition significantly declines the tail-off time of carbon residue; the adverse consequences that conventionally can cause unburned carbon in flue dust significantly to raise, causes extremely serious energy waste and economic loss.
The thermal power industry of China, have the boiler unit that uses in a large number anthracite or meager coal, consume every year more than 200,000,000 ton of anthracite and meager coal, these coals catch fire and after-flame poor performance, with use bituminous coal compare need to be higher fire box temperature to guarantee stable ignition and flying dust after-flame, cause thermal NO
xa large amount of generations, so these boiler units under conventional combustion mode, the NO in flue gas
xconcentration is more than 1000ppm (be bituminous coal fired boiler 2～3 times) all, causes serious environmental pollution.
Due to initial NO
xvery high concentrations, these boilers want to reach discharge standard needs to use huge equipment for denitrifying flue gas, consumes a large amount of expensive and toxic catalyst simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect for prior art, a kind of low nitrogen burning system is provided, can reduce the generation of nitrogen oxide, and can realize efficient combustion efficiency.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of low nitrogen burning system, described system comprises:
Humidifier, for providing steam;
Secondary Air house steward, is conducted with described humidifier, for guiding the steam of described humidifier;
Main combustion zone, is conducted with described Secondary Air house steward, and described steam is imported to described main combustion zone, makes to utilize water gas reaction and water gas shift reaction to generate hydrogen in described main combustion zone, utilizes hydrogen from nitrogen oxide, to restore nitrogen;
Transition region, be conducted with described main combustion zone, and there is secondary increasing hydrogen spout with the connecting portion of described main combustion zone, for spraying secondary to described transition region, increase hydrogen medium, utilize reduction reaction and the water gas reaction of carbon dioxide again to generate hydrogen, again utilize hydrogen from nitrogen oxide, to restore nitrogen;
Burning-out zone, is conducted with described transition region, the gas generating for discharging described transition region.
Low nitrogen burning system of the present invention adopts air wetting and transition region secondary to increase hydrogen, a kind of technical measures that can take into account efficiency of combustion and low nitrogen burning with low cost, can substantially not increase under the prerequisite of energy consumption, regulate the ratio of C-H-O in flue gas, its effect is equivalent to change low-volatile coal into high-volatile coal, makes it to have similar combustibility and NO
xdischarge performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of low nitrogen burning system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of low nitrogen burning method corresponding to low nitrogen burning system of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
While using low volatile coal in the typical low nitrogen burner hearth of air classification type, will inevitably cause unburned carbon in flue dust significantly to raise, thereby make air classification technology lose practical value.In order to address the above problem, on the basis of conventional air classification type low nitrogen burning system, the present invention proposes to take air humidification increases the content of protium in flue gas as means, in low oxygen combustion district, (main combustion zone) utilizes water gas reaction and the water gas shift reaction of steam, increase local density of hydrogen, at reductive NO
xtime, make to be difficult to the carbon residue of after-flame and the hydrogen that carbon monoxide changes easy after-flame into, the outlet in low oxygen combustion district utilize oxygen-free gas but the gas that is rich in protium as the medium that stirs jet, in the transition region before after-flame wind to NO
xcarry out secondary reduction, in transition region, also has the quadratic transformation of flying dust carbon residue second gasification and carbon monoxide simultaneously, when flue gas arrives burning-out zone, carbon monoxide and the carbon residue in flying dust in flue gas are all significantly cut down, and in flue gas, remaining combustible is mainly the hydrogen of easy after-flame.After adopting above technical measures, can reach the effect of low nitrogen and efficient burning simultaneously.
The present invention relates to a kind ofly can significantly reduce nitrogen oxides from coal-fired boiler (NO
x) the low nitrogen burning system of initial concentration, particularly a kind of while using low volatile coal, reducing NO
xin the time of initial concentration, can reduce the low nitrogen burning system of unburned carbon in flue dust.Under the prerequisite of the unburned carbon in flue dust that do not raise, by low nitrogen burning technology, cut down NO in flue gas
xinitial concentration, to using the boiler unit of anthracite and meager coal, there is the meaning of particular importance.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of low nitrogen burning system of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the present invention specifically comprises: humidifier 1, Secondary Air house steward 3, main combustion zone 21, transition region 22, burning-out zone 23 and secondary increase hydrogen spout 4.
Humidifier 1 is for providing steam; Secondary Air house steward 3 is conducted with humidifier, for guiding the steam of humidifier 1.
Again as shown in Figure 1, humidifier 1 has hot water inlet 10 and hot water emission's mouth 11.Hot water inlet 10 is for injecting hot water, and hot water emission's mouth 11 is for discharging useless hot water.
Main combustion zone 21, with Secondary Air house steward 3 conductings mutually, imports main combustion zone 21 by steam, makes to utilize water gas reaction and water gas shift reaction to generate hydrogen in main combustion zone 21, utilizes hydrogen from nitrogen oxide, to restore nitrogen.
While using low volatile coal in the typical low nitrogen burner hearth of air classification type, will inevitably cause unburned carbon in flue dust significantly to raise, thereby make air classification technology lose practical value.The present invention utilizes humidifier to take air humidification as means, increases the content of protium in the flue gas of main combustion zone, because main combustion zone is low oxygen combustion district, utilizes water gas reaction and the water gas shift reaction of steam, increases local density of hydrogen, at reductive NO
xtime, make to be difficult to the carbon residue of after-flame and the hydrogen that carbon monoxide is converted into easy after-flame.
Transition region 22 is conducted with main combustion zone 21, and there is secondary increasing hydrogen spout 4 with the connecting portion of main combustion zone 21, for spraying secondary to transition region 22, increase hydrogen medium, utilize reduction reaction and the water gas reaction of carbon dioxide again to generate hydrogen, again utilize hydrogen from nitrogen oxide, to restore nitrogen.
Further, transition region 22 has after-flame wind snout 5.
Junction in main combustion zone 21 transition regions 22, there is secondary and increase hydrogen spout 4 injection secondaries increasing hydrogen mediums, and secondary increasing hydrogen medium is the mixture of superheated steam and microfine coal, so just can take superheated steam as medium, carry microfine coal to form and stir jet, in transition region before after-flame wind snout, carry out secondary and increase hydrogen, realize NO
xsecondary reduction, in transition region, also has the quadratic transformation of flying dust carbon residue second gasification and carbon monoxide simultaneously, when flue gas arrives burning-out zone, carbon monoxide and the carbon residue in flying dust in flue gas are all significantly cut down, and in flue gas, remaining combustible is mainly the hydrogen of easy after-flame.After adopting above technical measures, can reach the effect of low nitrogen and efficient burning simultaneously.
Burning-out zone 23 is conducted with transition region 22, the gas generating for discharging transition region 22.
In low nitrogen burning system of the present invention, if ignition process is smooth, in fuel, add a small amount of moisture and can significantly improve efficiency of combustion, because hydrogen atom concentration has decisive influence to reaction process and the reaction rate of C-H-O combustion reaction system, the main cause that low volatile coal is difficult to after-flame is that in reaction system, hydrogen atom concentration is too low, so by supplemental hydrogen element in flue gas, can significantly accelerate reaction rate under hot conditions.
The chemical reaction that the present invention is worked mainly contains three:
The first, the reduction reaction of carbon dioxide, reactant is carbon residue and carbon dioxide, and product is carbon monoxide, and its effect is to change carbon residue into carbon monoxide;
The second, water gas reaction, reactant is steam and carbon residue, and product is hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and its effect is to change carbon residue into carbon monoxide and hydrogen;
The 3rd, water gas shift reaction, reactant is steam and carbon monoxide, and product is hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and its effect is to be hydrogen by carbon monodixe conversion.
Above three reactions all have high reaction rate in more than 1250 ℃ hot environments, in the common flue gas atmosphere of burner hearth, these three required reaction time of reaction are all less than 100 milliseconds, the concentration balance of end product depends on the protium content in flue gas completely, as long as protium content is enough high, the all variable hydrogen that is changed to easy after-flame of carbon residue and carbon monoxide, efficiency of combustion increases, and hydrogen is to NO
xthere is extremely strong reducing power, so as long as have enough density of hydrogen, the NO in flue gas in low-oxygen environment
xconcentration can significantly decline.More than that to increase hydrogen be the basic foundation that means reach low nitrogen and efficient burning simultaneously.
Take low nitrogen burning during as target, and the reaction in transition region should not be carried out in containing the atmosphere of oxygen, and this is because oxygen will inevitably consume hydrogen on the spot, in the life-span of significantly reducing hydrogen, weakens hydrogen reducing NO
xability, so an anaerobic transition region is set separately in burner hearth and increases hydrogen in this region, be necessary, the gas residence time in this region at least needs 100 milliseconds.Consider the inhomogeneities in flow field, to be designed to 200 milliseconds be rational to the gas residence time in this region above.
Existing air classification low nitrogen burning technology, side effect is mainly to have reduced the time of the active combustion reaction of carbon monoxide and flying dust carbon residue, efficiency of combustion decline thereupon.In the present invention, by twice increasing hydrogen, before burning-out zone, carbon monoxide and carbon residue are exhausted substantially, and remaining gas phase combustible component is mainly hydrogen, and the tail-off time needing significantly reduces, and this is for low-volatile coal particular importance.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of low nitrogen burning method corresponding to low nitrogen burning system of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the present invention specifically comprises the steps:
Step 100, utilizes humidifier to provide steam to Secondary Air house steward;
Step 101, utilizes Secondary Air house steward, to main combustion zone, imports steam;
The present invention arranges an independent Secondary Air loop, and in Secondary Air loop, to air humidification, hygroscopic water is from hot evaporation of water, and the thermal source of evaporation process is from the sensible heat of hot water.In thermal power plant, recirculated cooling water, boiler to rush the hot water sources such as buck extremely abundant, contained waste heat accounts for the more than 60% of fuel combustion heat, but because temperature is lower, this part waste heat is difficult to recycle and is discharged among atmosphere, and 3% left and right that air humidifying system is taken this part waste heat can meet the requirement of humidification.
Step 102, in main combustion zone, utilizes water gas reaction and water gas shift reaction to generate hydrogen, then utilizes hydrogen from nitrogen oxide, to restore nitrogen;
In main combustion zone, acceptable flue gas dew point is approximately 50 ℃ of left and right and can bring adverse effect to boiler heating surface, so the upper limit of air wetting is approximately the saturated air of air wetting to 45 ℃.In designing and calculating standard, the air humidity content of taking is 0.0161kg/kg (or 10.6g/Nm3), and during the saturated air of humidification to 45 ℃, air is taken wet amount and risen to 78.3g/Nm3 from 10.6g/Nm3, has increased 67.7g/Nm3.For using anthracitic boiler, typical data is: moisture-and-ash-free basis protium content 2.0%, moisture-and-ash-free basis low heat valve are that 9.0Nm3/kg, amount of actual air for combustion are 11.7Nm3/kg at 32MJ/kg, moisture-and-ash-free basis theoretical air requirement, have: through after air wetting, often use the anthracite of 1 kilogram of moisture-and-ash-free basis, in burner hearth flue gas, increased by 791 grams of steam, the hydrogen atom concentration in flue gas is higher than the flue gas that uses bituminous coal and produce.The quality of newly-increased steam accounts for 5% left and right of flue gas gross mass, can effectively improve the reactivity worth of flue gas.The environment of the main combustion zone of hypoxemia (being lower furnace) in high temperature, NO
xthree courses of reaction such as reduction, carbon residue gasification, carbon monodixe conversion are all strengthened.Special needs to be pointed out is, during above-mentioned air humidifying system operation, do not increase the energy consumption of boiler, hot water evaporates required heat mainly from the unserviceable waste heat in inside, power plant.
According to the humidification amount under typical condition, be that 67.7g/Nm3 calculates, have: the quality of newly-increased steam accounts for greatly 5% of flue gas gross mass, the large appointment of adiabatic flame temperature declines 80 ℃, the concentration of three atomic gas in flue gas has remarkable rising, Radiant exothermicity increases, and the large appointment of fire box temperature 100 ℃ of left and right that decline consequently, so after air wetting, need to adjust furnace heating surface, wall with refractory lining, refracto approximately need to increase the area of 6% left and right.The increase of flue gas flow, also can make heat loss due to exhaust gas increase, therefore boiler thermal output will reduce approximately 0.036%, this is the cost that air humidification is paid, but decline and compare with unburned carbon in flue dust, the recruitment of heat loss due to exhaust gas is negligible: the every decline 1% of unburned carbon in flue dust, boiler thermal output can increase by 0.2, generally speaking, by air humidification, can anthracitic unburned carbon in flue dust be reduced more than 3%, boiler efficiency can improve 0.6% left and right, and the cost paying is only heat loss due to exhaust gas increase by 0.036%, comprehensive, air humidification can improve the thermal efficiency of anthracite-fired boiler more than 0.5%.
Step 103, increases hydrogen spout from secondary and sprays secondary increasing hydrogen medium to transition region;
Concrete, from secondary, increasing hydrogen spout and to transition region, spray the mixture of superheated steam and microfine coal, microfine coal concentration is between 0～0.5kg/kg, and the exit velocity that spray secondary increases hydrogen spout is not less than 60m/s.
Step 104, in transition region, utilizes the reduction reaction of carbon dioxide and water gas reaction again to generate hydrogen, and then utilizes hydrogen from nitrogen oxide, to restore nitrogen.
Concrete, burning-out zone has after-flame wind snout, and the distance between secondary increasing hydrogen spout and after-flame wind snout meets reduction reaction and the water gas reaction of the carbon dioxide in step S4.
Because be provided with secondary, increase hydrogen spout, secondary increases between hydrogen spout and after-flame wind snout should enough large spacing, and at least guaranteeing has enough gas residence times between above-mentioned two groups of spouts.The jet media that secondary increases hydrogen is the mixture of superheated vapor and microfine coal, and coal powder density is adjustable between 0～0.5kg/kg, and spout exit velocity is not less than 60m/s.Steam source is taken from the low-pressure stage of steam turbine and is drawn gas, and the amount of drawing gas accounts for 0.5% left and right of steam turbine total flow, becomes superheated steam after throttling; Microfine coal is taken from weary gas (intermediate storage-type pulverized coal preparation system) or a wind (unit pulverized-coal system), and microfine coal used accounts for 1% left and right of total consumption of coal.
Actual use on this low nitrogen burning method Mou W of power plant flame coal-powder boiler (300MW fired power generating unit) shows, while using anthracite, and NO in flue gas
xconcentration declined more than 50%, unburned carbon in flue dust has declined more than 3 percentage points, can reach simultaneously and improve efficiency of combustion and reduce NO
xeffect.
The substantive difference of low nitrogen burning system of the present invention and prior art is: utilize the method for carrying out humidification to participating in the air of burning in lower furnace, to complete the increasing hydrogen to flue gas, in transition region, inject and take superheated steam and the jet that microfine coal mixture is medium, realize the secondary increasing hydrogen to flue gas.By flue gas being carried out twice to increasing hydrogen, realize NO simultaneously
xthree processes such as reduction, carbon residue gasification, carbon monodixe conversion, reach the technical goal of the low nitrogen efficient burning of low volatile coal.
The above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a low nitrogen burning system, is characterized in that, described system comprises:
Humidifier, for providing steam;
Secondary Air house steward, is conducted with described humidifier, for guiding the steam of described humidifier;
Main combustion zone, is conducted with described Secondary Air house steward, and described steam is imported to described main combustion zone, makes to utilize water gas reaction and water gas shift reaction to generate hydrogen in described main combustion zone, utilizes hydrogen from nitrogen oxide, to restore nitrogen;
Transition region, be conducted with described main combustion zone, and there is secondary increasing hydrogen spout with the connecting portion of described main combustion zone, for spraying secondary to described transition region, increase hydrogen medium, utilize reduction reaction and the water gas reaction of carbon dioxide again to generate hydrogen, again utilize hydrogen from nitrogen oxide, to restore nitrogen;
Burning-out zone, is conducted with described transition region, the gas generating for discharging described transition region.
2. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described humidifier has hot water inlet, for injecting hot water.
3. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described humidifier has hot water emission's mouth, for discharging useless hot water.
4. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is the mixture of superheated steam and microfine coal that described secondary increases hydrogen medium.
5. system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described microfine coal concentration is between 0～0.5kg/kg.
6. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the exit velocity that described secondary increases hydrogen spout is not less than 60m/s.
7. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described system has after-flame wind snout.
8. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the distance between described secondary increasing hydrogen spout and after-flame wind snout meets reduction reaction and the water gas reaction of the carbon dioxide in transition region.
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| CN106433798A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-02-22 | 石家庄新华能源环保科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen electricity energy system |
| CN111115577A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-05-08 | 李根钧 | Catalytic hydrogen production system and system for reducing nitrogen oxide by burning hydrogen |
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