WO2022205778A1 - Biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology - Google Patents
Biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 101150097977 arch-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910009112 xH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/002—Supplying water
- F23L7/005—Evaporated water; Steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/10—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of biomass boilers, and in particular relates to a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology.
- Biomass has the advantage of low pollutant emission, and the development of biomass multi-source materials based on bulk coal substitution is an important direction for clean heating.
- my country's rural agricultural and forestry waste and other biomass resources are abundant, widely distributed and diverse. Due to the diversity of fuel types, the biomass boilers generally have poor fuel adaptability and high NOx concentration in the exhaust gas during the promotion process. Under the increasingly stringent environmental protection policies, the existing biomass energy heating technology can no longer meet the environmental protection requirements of various places. It is urgent to develop biomass low-nitrogen combustion technology to provide an important technical basis for promoting rural biomass energy low-nitrogen combustion and clean heating.
- biomass heating boilers are mainly small-scale layer furnaces ( ⁇ 5t/h).
- the miniaturization of biomass boilers makes it difficult for the flue gas produced by combustion to digest the high cost of flue gas purification and treatment, and it is difficult to meet the current NOx emission standards (eg, NOx emission in Shandong is less than 150mg/m 3 ).
- NOx emission in Shandong is less than 150mg/m 3 .
- How to carry out low-nitrogen combustion organization in the process of boiler combustion is the technical development focus of clean combustion of small biomass boilers.
- the technologies for low nitrogen control through the combustion process mainly include air staging combustion, fuel staging combustion and flue gas recirculation technology.
- the present invention provides a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology, which can achieve the goal of clean and efficient combustion, and solves the problem of low combustion efficiency and flue gas nitrogen oxide emissions of small biomass boilers. high technical issues.
- the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
- the present invention provides a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology, including a front steam spray system and a rear steam spray system: wherein the front steam spray system is located in the front arch of the boiler and the rear steam spray system The system is located in the rear arch of the boiler, and both are connected to the heat exchange tube bundle/drum of the boiler; the front steam spray system is provided with a front valve, a front air guide pipe, a front air distribution pipe, a front nozzle and a thermocouple; the rear steam spray system is provided with There are rear valve, rear air pipe, rear air distribution pipe, rear nozzle and thermocouple. The outlet directions of the front nozzle and the rear nozzle are inclined downward.
- the present invention provides a control method for biomass low-nitrogen combustion, comprising the following steps:
- thermocouples of the front arch and the back arch monitor the flue gas temperature in the furnace in real time
- the set temperature of the front arch or the set temperature of the rear arch is 1000-1200°C;
- the combustion zone in the furnace is located in the upper part of the position of 1/3 to 2/3 of the grate;
- the front arch and the rear arch are provided with one or more nozzles, and the angle between the front arch nozzle and the horizontal grate is 60° to 85°; the angle between the rear arch nozzle and the horizontal grate is 110° to 150°. °.
- the furnace is equipped with a water vapor atomizing nozzle, and the biomass particles are prone to local high temperature gasification after burning in the high temperature area at the bottom of the grate, thereby producing polluting NOx.
- biomass particles are light in weight, and are easily blown upwards away from the combustion zone under the action of air supply at the bottom of the grate, resulting in insufficient combustion of some biomass carbon particles.
- the gasification reaction generated by the installed water vapor spray system generates reducing gas, which reduces the NOx content, thereby improving the combustion degree of biomass particles and reducing the problem of black smoke in biomass boilers to a large extent.
- NOx can be reduced to below 150 mg/m 3 .
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass low nitrogen boiler based on local gasification technology. Among them, 1-boiler front arch, 2-boiler rear arch, 3-grate, 1-1 front valve, 1-2 front gas pipe, 1-3 front gas distribution pipe, 1-4 front nozzle, 1-5 thermocouple A , 2-1 rear valve, 2-2 rear air pipe, 2-3 rear air distribution pipe, 2-4 rear nozzle, 2-5 thermocouple B.
- the present invention provides a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology, including a front steam spray system and a rear steam spray system: wherein the front steam spray system is located in the front arch 1 of the boiler, and the rear steam spray system is located in Boiler rear arch 2, and both of them are connected with the heat exchange tube bundle/drum of the boiler.
- the front steam spray system is provided with a front valve 1-1, a front air pipe 1-2, a front air distribution pipe 1-3, a front nozzle 1-4 and a thermocouple 1-5;
- the rear steam spray system is provided with a rear valve 2-1 , Rear air pipe 2-2, rear air distribution pipe 2-3, rear nozzle 2-4 and thermocouple B2-5.
- the front arch 1 is provided with a front nozzle 1-4
- the rear arch is provided with two rear nozzles 2-4
- the angle between the front nozzle 1-4 and the grate 3 is 70°
- the angle between the rear arch nozzle and the horizontal grate is 150°.
- the working process includes the following steps:
- thermocouple A1-5 and thermocouple B2-5 monitor the flue gas temperature in the furnace in real time
- thermocouple A1-5 in the furnace is lower than the set temperature of the front arch by 950°C, the front valve 1-1 of the front steam spray system is closed; when the temperature detected by thermocouple B2-5 in the furnace is lower than the When the arch setting temperature is 1050°C, the rear valve 2-1 of the rear steam spray system is closed.
- the thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler can be over 85%, and the NOx emission is lower than 150 mg/m 3 .
- the invention provides a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology, the difference is that the front arch 1 is provided with two front nozzles 1-4, the rear arch is provided with three rear nozzles 2-4, and the front nozzles 1-4
- the included angle with the grate 3 is 85°; the included angle between the rear arch nozzle and the horizontal grate is 110°.
- the working process includes the following steps:
- thermocouple A1-5 and thermocouple B2-5 monitor the flue gas temperature in the furnace in real time
- thermocouple A1-5 in the furnace is lower than the set temperature of the front arch by 950°C
- the front valve 1-1 of the front steam spray system is closed
- thermocouple B2-5 in the furnace is lower than the When the arch setting temperature is 950°C
- the rear valve 2-1 of the rear steam spray system is closed.
- the thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler can be over 80%, and the NOx emission is lower than 150 mg/m 3 .
Abstract
A biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology. A front steam-spraying system and a rear steam-spraying system are respectively arranged at a front arch (1) and a rear arch (2) of the boiler, wherein the front steam-spraying system is provided with a front valve (1-1), a front gas-guiding pipe (1-2), a front gas-distributing pipe (1-3), a front spray head (1-4), and a thermocouple (1-5); and the rear steam-spraying system is provided with a rear valve (2-1), a rear gas-guiding pipe (2-2), a rear gas-distributing pipe (2-3), a rear spray head (2-4), and a thermocouple (2-5). Steam atomization spray heads are arranged at the front arch (1) and the rear arch (2) of the boiler to spray atomized steam to a high-temperature oxidation area in the boiler, thereby realizing local gasification of biomass as burning particles, and generating a reducing gas, and thus reduction and release of NOx during a combustion process are realized, and the problem of emission of NOx and other pollutants of a small biomass boiler is solved.
Description
本发明属于生物质锅炉技术领域，具体涉及一种基于局部气化技术的生物质低氮燃烧锅炉。The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass boilers, and in particular relates to a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology.
我国华北及东北村镇地区供暖方式以散煤为主。生物质具有污染物排放小的优点，开发基于散煤替代的生物质多源物料是清洁供暖的重要方向。我国农村农林废弃物等生物质资源丰富、分布广泛、种类多样。由于燃料种类的多样性，使得生物质锅炉在推广过程中普遍存在燃料适应性差、排烟中NOx浓度高的现象。在日益趋严的环保政策下，现有的生物质能供暖技术已不能符合各地环保要求，亟需研制生物质低氮燃烧技术，为推动农村生物质能源低氮燃烧清洁供暖提供重要技术基础。The heating method in villages and towns in North China and Northeast my country is dominated by scattered coal. Biomass has the advantage of low pollutant emission, and the development of biomass multi-source materials based on bulk coal substitution is an important direction for clean heating. my country's rural agricultural and forestry waste and other biomass resources are abundant, widely distributed and diverse. Due to the diversity of fuel types, the biomass boilers generally have poor fuel adaptability and high NOx concentration in the exhaust gas during the promotion process. Under the increasingly stringent environmental protection policies, the existing biomass energy heating technology can no longer meet the environmental protection requirements of various places. It is urgent to develop biomass low-nitrogen combustion technology to provide an important technical basis for promoting rural biomass energy low-nitrogen combustion and clean heating.
目前，我国关于生物质混合物料燃烧组织、低氮燃烧控制技术及相关燃烧设备的设计研发尚属空白。一些单位为燃用生物质燃料盲目地把原有的燃煤设备进行改造，改造后的燃烧设备普遍存在燃料燃烧不匹配的情况，致使燃烧效率及热效率较低，排烟中污染物含量高，尤其是氮氧化物排放长期处于超标状态。At present, the design and development of biomass mixture combustion organization, low-nitrogen combustion control technology and related combustion equipment in China is still blank. Some units blindly renovated the original coal-fired equipment for the use of biomass fuel. The refurbished combustion equipment generally has fuel combustion mismatch, resulting in low combustion efficiency and thermal efficiency, and high pollutant content in exhaust smoke. In particular, the emission of nitrogen oxides has been in a state of exceeding the standard for a long time.
此外，为适应冬季村镇供暖锅炉的负荷寻求，生物质供暖锅炉以小型层燃炉为主(<5t/h)。生物质锅炉的小型化使得燃烧产生的烟气难以消化高额的烟气净化处理成本，难以达到目前的NOx排放标准(如，山东地区NOx排放低于150mg/m
3)。如何通过锅炉燃烧过程中进行低氮燃烧组织，是小型生物质锅炉清洁燃烧的技术开发重点。当前，在直燃锅炉中，通过燃烧过程进行低氮控制的技术主要包括空气分级燃烧、燃料分级燃烧及烟气再循环技术等。上述技术均在燃煤锅炉中应用成熟，然而嫁接至小型生物质层燃锅炉时，存在燃烧效率低、氮氧化物排放高等问题。一种应用于小型生物质层燃锅炉的新型低氮燃烧技术亟待开发。
In addition, in order to meet the load demand of heating boilers in villages and towns in winter, biomass heating boilers are mainly small-scale layer furnaces (<5t/h). The miniaturization of biomass boilers makes it difficult for the flue gas produced by combustion to digest the high cost of flue gas purification and treatment, and it is difficult to meet the current NOx emission standards (eg, NOx emission in Shandong is less than 150mg/m 3 ). How to carry out low-nitrogen combustion organization in the process of boiler combustion is the technical development focus of clean combustion of small biomass boilers. At present, in direct-fired boilers, the technologies for low nitrogen control through the combustion process mainly include air staging combustion, fuel staging combustion and flue gas recirculation technology. The above technologies are all mature in coal-fired boilers, but when grafted to small biomass bed-fired boilers, there are problems of low combustion efficiency and high nitrogen oxide emissions. A new type of low-nitrogen combustion technology for small biomass bed-fired boilers needs to be developed urgently.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种基于局部气化技术的生物质低氮燃烧锅炉，可以实现清洁高效燃烧的目标，解决了小型生物质锅炉燃烧效率低、烟气氮氧化物排放高的技术问题。本发明的技术方案如下：In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology, which can achieve the goal of clean and efficient combustion, and solves the problem of low combustion efficiency and flue gas nitrogen oxide emissions of small biomass boilers. high technical issues. The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一方面，本发明提供一种基于局部气化技术的生物质低氮燃烧锅炉，包括前蒸汽喷淋系统和后蒸汽喷淋系统：其中，前蒸汽喷淋系统位于锅炉前拱、后蒸汽喷淋系统位于锅炉后拱，且二者均与锅炉的换热管束/汽包连接；前蒸汽喷淋系统设置有前阀、前导气管、前布气管、前喷头及热电偶；后蒸汽喷淋系统设置有后阀、后导气管、后布气管、后喷头及热电偶。前喷头与后喷头的出口方向均向下倾斜。On the one hand, the present invention provides a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology, including a front steam spray system and a rear steam spray system: wherein the front steam spray system is located in the front arch of the boiler and the rear steam spray system The system is located in the rear arch of the boiler, and both are connected to the heat exchange tube bundle/drum of the boiler; the front steam spray system is provided with a front valve, a front air guide pipe, a front air distribution pipe, a front nozzle and a thermocouple; the rear steam spray system is provided with There are rear valve, rear air pipe, rear air distribution pipe, rear nozzle and thermocouple. The outlet directions of the front nozzle and the rear nozzle are inclined downward.
另一方面，本发明提供一种生物质低氮燃烧的控制方法，包括如下步骤：On the other hand, the present invention provides a control method for biomass low-nitrogen combustion, comprising the following steps:
(1)前拱及后拱的热电偶实时监测炉内烟气温度；(1) The thermocouples of the front arch and the back arch monitor the flue gas temperature in the furnace in real time;
(2)当炉内检测温度高于前拱设定温度或后拱设定温度时，前蒸汽喷淋系统的前 阀或者后喷淋系统的后阀打开，水蒸气通过喷头向炉内的燃烧区喷淋雾化水蒸汽；(2) When the detected temperature in the furnace is higher than the set temperature of the front arch or the set temperature of the back arch, the front valve of the front steam spray system or the rear valve of the rear spray system is opened, and the water vapor is burned into the furnace through the nozzle. Area spray atomized water vapor;
(3)炉内未完全燃烧的碳粒与水蒸气发生气化反应(如式1所示)，生成具有还原性的CO和H
2气体，CO和H
2，燃烧区内的NOx被还原为N
2(如式2、3所示)和其他含氮还原性基团(如HCN和NH
3)；
(3) The incompletely combusted carbon particles in the furnace undergo gasification reaction with water vapor (as shown in formula 1) to generate reducing CO and H 2 gases, CO and H 2 , and NOx in the combustion zone is reduced to N 2 (as shown in formulas 2, 3) and other nitrogen-containing reducing groups (such as HCN and NH 3 );
C+H
2O(g)＝CO(g)+H
2(g) (1)
C+H 2 O(g)=CO(g)+H 2 (g) (1)
NOx(g)+xCO(g)＝(1/2)N
2(g)+(x/2)CO
2(g) (2)
NOx(g)+xCO(g)=(1/2)N 2 (g)+(x/2)CO 2 (g) (2)
NOx(g)+H
2(g)＝(1/2)N
2(g)+xH
2O+ (3)
NOx(g)+ H2 (g)=(1/2) N2 (g)+xH2O + (3)
(4)当炉内检测温度低于前拱设定温度或后拱设定温度时，前蒸汽喷淋系统的前阀或者后喷淋系统的后阀关闭。(4) When the detected temperature in the furnace is lower than the set temperature of the front arch or the set temperature of the back arch, the front valve of the front steam spray system or the rear valve of the rear spray system is closed.
所述步骤(1)中前拱设定温度或后拱设定温度为1000～1200℃；In the step (1), the set temperature of the front arch or the set temperature of the rear arch is 1000-1200°C;
所述步骤(2)中炉内燃烧区位于炉排1/3～2/3位置处上部；In the step (2), the combustion zone in the furnace is located in the upper part of the position of 1/3 to 2/3 of the grate;
所述步骤(2)中前拱与后拱设置有1个或者多个喷头，前拱喷头与水平炉排的夹角为60～85°；后拱喷头与水平炉排夹角为110～150°。In the step (2), the front arch and the rear arch are provided with one or more nozzles, and the angle between the front arch nozzle and the horizontal grate is 60° to 85°; the angle between the rear arch nozzle and the horizontal grate is 110° to 150°. °.
与现有技术相比，本发明的以上一个或多个技术方案取得了以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the above one or more technical solutions of the present invention have achieved the following beneficial effects:
(1)提高燃烧效率：在前拱和后拱上设置两排蒸汽喷淋系统，两排喷淋系统喷出的水蒸气冲击气化气时，会使气化气形成旋流，加速气化气与氧气的混合，进而有利于气化气的充分燃烧。利用本发明技术方案炉内热效率在80％以上。(1) Improve combustion efficiency: Two rows of steam spraying systems are installed on the front arch and the rear arch. When the water vapor ejected from the two rows of spraying systems hits the gasification gas, the gasification gas will form a swirling flow and accelerate the gasification. The mixture of gas and oxygen is conducive to the full combustion of the gasification gas. Using the technical solution of the present invention, the thermal efficiency in the furnace is above 80%.
(2)降低NOx排放：炉内部配有水蒸气雾化喷头，生物质颗粒经过炉排底部高温区燃烧后易发生局部高温气化，进而产生污染性的NOx。同时，生物质颗粒质轻，在炉排底部送风的作用下容易被向上吹离燃烧区，造成部分生物质碳颗粒燃烧不充分。设置的水蒸气喷淋系统产生的气化反应生成了还原性气体，促使NOx含量降低，进而又提高了生物质颗粒的燃烧程度，较大程度上减轻了生物质锅炉黑烟的问题。利用本发明技术方案NOx可降低至150mg/m
3以下。
(2) Reducing NOx emission: The furnace is equipped with a water vapor atomizing nozzle, and the biomass particles are prone to local high temperature gasification after burning in the high temperature area at the bottom of the grate, thereby producing polluting NOx. At the same time, biomass particles are light in weight, and are easily blown upwards away from the combustion zone under the action of air supply at the bottom of the grate, resulting in insufficient combustion of some biomass carbon particles. The gasification reaction generated by the installed water vapor spray system generates reducing gas, which reduces the NOx content, thereby improving the combustion degree of biomass particles and reducing the problem of black smoke in biomass boilers to a large extent. Using the technical solution of the present invention, NOx can be reduced to below 150 mg/m 3 .
图1为一种基于局部气化技术的生物质低氮锅炉示意图。其中，1-锅炉前拱，2-锅炉后拱，3-炉排，1-1前阀，1-2前导气管，1-3前布气管，1-4前喷头，1-5热电偶A，2-1后阀，2-2后导气管，2-3后布气管，2-4后喷头，2-5热电偶B。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass low nitrogen boiler based on local gasification technology. Among them, 1-boiler front arch, 2-boiler rear arch, 3-grate, 1-1 front valve, 1-2 front gas pipe, 1-3 front gas distribution pipe, 1-4 front nozzle, 1-5 thermocouple A , 2-1 rear valve, 2-2 rear air pipe, 2-3 rear air distribution pipe, 2-4 rear nozzle, 2-5 thermocouple B.
实施例1Example 1
本发明提供一种基于局部气化技术的生物质低氮燃烧锅炉，包括前蒸汽喷淋系统和后蒸汽喷淋系统：其中，前蒸汽喷淋系统位于锅炉前拱1、后蒸汽喷淋系统位于锅炉后拱2，且二者均与锅炉的换热管束/汽包连接。前蒸汽喷淋系统设置有前阀1-1、前导气管1-2、前布气管1-3、前喷头1-4及热电偶1-5；后蒸汽喷淋系统设置有后阀2-1、后导气管2-2、后布气管2-3、后喷头2-4及热电偶B2-5。The present invention provides a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology, including a front steam spray system and a rear steam spray system: wherein the front steam spray system is located in the front arch 1 of the boiler, and the rear steam spray system is located in Boiler rear arch 2, and both of them are connected with the heat exchange tube bundle/drum of the boiler. The front steam spray system is provided with a front valve 1-1, a front air pipe 1-2, a front air distribution pipe 1-3, a front nozzle 1-4 and a thermocouple 1-5; the rear steam spray system is provided with a rear valve 2-1 , Rear air pipe 2-2, rear air distribution pipe 2-3, rear nozzle 2-4 and thermocouple B2-5.
前拱1设置有1个前喷头1-4，后拱设置有2个后喷头2-4，前喷头1-4与炉排3的夹角为70°；后拱喷头与水平炉排夹角为150°。The front arch 1 is provided with a front nozzle 1-4, the rear arch is provided with two rear nozzles 2-4, the angle between the front nozzle 1-4 and the grate 3 is 70°; the angle between the rear arch nozzle and the horizontal grate is 150°.
工作过程包括如下步骤：The working process includes the following steps:
(1)热电偶A1-5，热电偶B2-5实时监测炉内烟气温度；(1) Thermocouple A1-5 and thermocouple B2-5 monitor the flue gas temperature in the furnace in real time;
(2)当炉内检测温度高于前拱1设定温度1000℃时，前蒸汽喷淋系统的前阀1-1打开，水蒸气经过前导气管1-2、前布气管1-3，并通过前喷头1-4向炉内的燃烧区喷淋雾化水蒸汽；当炉内检测温度高于后拱2设定温度1100℃时，后蒸汽喷淋系统的后阀2-1打开，水蒸气经过后导气管2-2、后布气管2-3，并通过后喷头2-4向炉内的燃烧区喷淋雾化水蒸汽；(2) When the detected temperature in the furnace is 1000°C higher than the set temperature of the front arch 1, the front valve 1-1 of the front steam spraying system is opened, and the water vapor passes through the front air pipe 1-2 and the front air distribution pipe 1-3, and Spray atomized water vapor to the combustion zone in the furnace through the front nozzles 1-4; when the detected temperature in the furnace is higher than the set temperature of the rear arch 2 by 1100°C, the rear valve 2-1 of the rear steam spray system is opened, and the water The steam passes through the rear gas pipe 2-2 and the rear gas distribution pipe 2-3, and sprays atomized water vapor to the combustion zone in the furnace through the rear nozzle 2-4;
(4)锅炉内未完全燃烧的碳粒与水蒸气发生气化反应，生成具有还原性的CO和H
2气体，CO和H
2，燃烧区内的NOx被还原为N
2和其他含氮还原性基团(如，HCN和NH
3)；
(4) The incompletely burned carbon particles in the boiler undergo gasification reaction with water vapor to generate reducing CO and H 2 gases, CO and H 2 , and NOx in the combustion zone is reduced to N 2 and other nitrogen-containing reductions Sex groups (eg, HCN and NH 3 );
(4)当炉内热电偶A1-5检测温度低于前拱设定温度950℃时，前蒸汽喷淋系统的前阀1-1关闭；当炉内热电偶B2-5检测温度低于后拱设定温度1050℃时，后蒸汽喷淋系统的后阀2-1关闭。(4) When the temperature detected by thermocouple A1-5 in the furnace is lower than the set temperature of the front arch by 950°C, the front valve 1-1 of the front steam spray system is closed; when the temperature detected by thermocouple B2-5 in the furnace is lower than the When the arch setting temperature is 1050°C, the rear valve 2-1 of the rear steam spray system is closed.
在此实施例中，生物质锅炉热效率可在85％以上，NOx排放量低于150mg/m
3。
In this embodiment, the thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler can be over 85%, and the NOx emission is lower than 150 mg/m 3 .
实施例2Example 2
本发明提供一种基于局部气化技术的生物质低氮燃烧锅炉，区别在于前拱1设置有2个前喷头1-4，后拱设置有3个后喷头2-4，前喷头1-4与炉排3的夹角为85°；后拱喷头与水平炉排夹角为110°。The invention provides a biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology, the difference is that the front arch 1 is provided with two front nozzles 1-4, the rear arch is provided with three rear nozzles 2-4, and the front nozzles 1-4 The included angle with the grate 3 is 85°; the included angle between the rear arch nozzle and the horizontal grate is 110°.
工作过程包括如下步骤：The working process includes the following steps:
(1)热电偶A1-5，热电偶B2-5实时监测炉内烟气温度；(1) Thermocouple A1-5 and thermocouple B2-5 monitor the flue gas temperature in the furnace in real time;
(2)当炉内检测温度高于前拱1设定温度1000℃时，前蒸汽喷淋系统的前阀1-1打开，水蒸气经过前导气管1-2、前布气管1-3，并通过前喷头1-4向炉内的燃烧区喷淋雾化水蒸汽；当炉内检测温度高于后拱2设定温度1000℃时，后蒸汽喷淋系统的后阀2-1打开，水蒸气经过后导气管2-2、后布气管2-3，并通过后喷头2-4向炉内的燃烧区喷淋雾化水蒸汽；(2) When the detected temperature in the furnace is 1000°C higher than the set temperature of the front arch 1, the front valve 1-1 of the front steam spraying system is opened, and the water vapor passes through the front air pipe 1-2 and the front air distribution pipe 1-3, and Spray atomized water vapor to the combustion zone in the furnace through the front nozzles 1-4; when the detected temperature in the furnace is 1000°C higher than the set temperature of the rear arch 2, the rear valve 2-1 of the rear steam spray system is opened, and the water The steam passes through the rear gas pipe 2-2 and the rear gas distribution pipe 2-3, and sprays atomized water vapor to the combustion zone in the furnace through the rear nozzle 2-4;
(4)锅炉内未完全燃烧的碳粒与水蒸气发生气化反应，生成具有还原性的CO和H
2气体，CO和H
2，燃烧区内的NOx被还原为N
2和其他含氮还原性基团(如，HCN和NH
3)；
(4) The incompletely burned carbon particles in the boiler undergo gasification reaction with water vapor to generate reducing CO and H 2 gases, CO and H 2 , and NOx in the combustion zone is reduced to N 2 and other nitrogen-containing reductions Sex groups (eg, HCN and NH 3 );
(4)当炉内热电偶A1-5检测温度低于前拱设定温度950℃时，前蒸汽喷淋系统的前阀1-1关闭；当炉内热电偶B2-5检测温度低于后拱设定温度950℃时，后蒸汽喷淋系统的后阀2-1关闭。(4) When the temperature detected by thermocouple A1-5 in the furnace is lower than the set temperature of the front arch by 950°C, the front valve 1-1 of the front steam spray system is closed; when the temperature detected by thermocouple B2-5 in the furnace is lower than the When the arch setting temperature is 950℃, the rear valve 2-1 of the rear steam spray system is closed.
在此实施例中，生物质锅炉热效率可在80％以上，NOx排放量低于150mg/m
3。
In this embodiment, the thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler can be over 80%, and the NOx emission is lower than 150 mg/m 3 .
Claims (4)
- 一种基于局部气化技术的生物质低氮燃烧锅炉，其特征在于所述锅炉包括前蒸汽喷淋系统和后蒸汽喷淋系统：其中，前蒸汽喷淋系统位于锅炉前拱、后蒸汽喷淋系统位于锅炉后拱，且二者均与锅炉的换热管束/汽包连接；前蒸汽喷淋系统设置有前阀、前导气管、前布气管、前喷头及热电偶；后蒸汽喷淋系统设置有后阀、后导气管、后布气管、后喷头及热电偶。A biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology, characterized in that the boiler includes a front steam spray system and a rear steam spray system: wherein the front steam spray system is located in the front arch of the boiler and the rear steam spray system The system is located in the rear arch of the boiler, and both are connected to the heat exchange tube bundle/drum of the boiler; the front steam spray system is provided with a front valve, a front air guide pipe, a front air distribution pipe, a front nozzle and a thermocouple; the rear steam spray system is provided with There are rear valve, rear air pipe, rear air distribution pipe, rear nozzle and thermocouple.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于局部气化技术的生物质低氮燃烧锅炉，其特征在于：本发明提供一种生物质低氮燃烧的控制方法，包括如下步骤：A biomass low-nitrogen combustion boiler based on local gasification technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the present invention provides a control method for biomass low-nitrogen combustion, comprising the following steps:(1)前拱及后拱的热电偶实时监测炉内烟气温度；(1) The thermocouples of the front arch and the back arch monitor the flue gas temperature in the furnace in real time;(2)当炉内检测温度高于前拱设定温度或后拱设定温度时，前蒸汽喷淋系统的前阀或者后喷淋系统的后阀打开，水蒸气通过喷头向炉内的燃烧区喷淋雾化水蒸汽；(2) When the detected temperature in the furnace is higher than the set temperature of the front arch or the set temperature of the back arch, the front valve of the front steam spray system or the rear valve of the rear spray system is opened, and the water vapor is burned into the furnace through the nozzle. Area spray atomized water vapor;(3)炉内未完全燃烧的碳粒与水蒸气发生气化反应(如式1所示)，生成具有还原性的CO和H 2气体； (3) The incompletely burned carbon particles in the furnace undergo a gasification reaction with water vapor (as shown in formula 1) to generate reducing CO and H 2 gases;(4)当炉内检测温度低于前拱设定温度或后拱设定温度时，前蒸汽喷淋系统的前阀或者后喷淋系统的后阀关闭。(4) When the detected temperature in the furnace is lower than the set temperature of the front arch or the set temperature of the back arch, the front valve of the front steam spray system or the rear valve of the rear spray system is closed.
- 根据权利要求2所述步骤(2)中前拱设定温度或后拱设定温度为1000～1200℃。According to the step (2) of claim 2, the set temperature of the front arch or the set temperature of the rear arch is 1000-1200°C.
- 根据权利要求2所述步骤(2)及步骤(3)前拱与后拱设置有1个或者多个喷头，前拱喷头与水平炉排的夹角为60～85°；后拱喷头与水平炉排夹角为110～150°。According to the step (2) and step (3) of claim 2, one or more nozzles are arranged on the front arch and the back arch, and the angle between the front arch nozzle and the horizontal grate is 60° to 85°; The included angle of the grate is 110-150°.
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