CN104085112A - 一种3d打印机喷头及其速度和精度调控方法 - Google Patents

一种3d打印机喷头及其速度和精度调控方法 Download PDF

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CN104085112A
CN104085112A CN201410331883.4A CN201410331883A CN104085112A CN 104085112 A CN104085112 A CN 104085112A CN 201410331883 A CN201410331883 A CN 201410331883A CN 104085112 A CN104085112 A CN 104085112A
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extrusion nozzle
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nozzle
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CN104085112B (zh
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沈震
刘学
熊刚
王飞跃
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Dongguan Zhongke Cloud Computing Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明涉及3D打印技术领域,尤其是一种3D打印机喷头及其速度和精度调控方法。本发明输料管路内嵌于外围壳体内,输料管路与挤料喷嘴同轴连接;挤料喷嘴在驱动装置的驱动下,可以相对于输料管路转动;通过电机的转动控制挤料喷嘴相对于输料管路转动的角度,进而控制喷嘴实际喷丝截面积,以控制打印速度和精度,适应不同打印区域的不同需求。本发明可以控制打印的速度和精度,在确保精度要求的情况下,提升整体打印速度;可以应用于3D打印机的喷头结构及控制上。

Description

一种3D打印机喷头及其速度和精度调控方法
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印技术领域,尤其是一种3D打印机喷头及其速度和精度调控方法。
背景技术
3D打印,即快速成形技术的一种,它通过软件把3D数字模型进行分层离散化处理,然后运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合性材料,通过逐层堆积的方式来构造实体。3D打印技术属于一种加式制造范畴,有别于传统的减式制造范畴,能够更好的节约生产原料。在面向个性化和特定性服务制造要求的推动之下,3D打印已经开始应用在模具生成、个性化产品生产、医疗、军事等方面。相信在不久的将来,3D打印机会走进大众的家庭,为我们的生活和工作服务。
常见的3D打印技术有熔丝沉积技术,它是将丝状热熔性材料加热融化,通过带有一个微细通道的喷头挤喷出来,从喷嘴喷出后,沉积在工作台上,温度低于固化温度后开始固化,通过材料的层层堆积最终形成成品。其中的喷头就是一个核心部件,但是常规的3D打印机的打印喷头的挤料喷嘴内径截面形状只有固定的圆形,单位时间内喷嘴喷丝的体积一定。由于喷嘴内径截面面积的不可调,我们不能控制3D打印机的打印精度和速度,然而针对不同的打印目的和不同的打印区域,需要不同的打印精度和速度。即使是同一模型,模型内部和边缘也有不同的精度要求。基于目前的3D打印机喷嘴内径截面形状都是圆形的,不能做到针对不同模型或者同一模型不同区域的打印速度和精度的控制。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题之一在于基于目前的3D打印机喷嘴内径截面形状都是圆形的,不能做到针对不同模型或者同一模型不同区域的打印速度和精度的控制的现状,提供一种3D打印喷头,可以调节打印速度和精度。
本发明解决的技术问题之二在于基于目前的3D打印机喷嘴内径截面形状都是圆形的,不能做到针对不同模型或者同一模型不同区域的打印速度和精度的控制的现状,提供一种可以根据打印需求控制打印速度和精度的速度和精度调控方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题之一的技术方案是:
包括有输料管路、挤料喷嘴;挤料喷嘴位于输料管路下方;其特征在于:挤料喷嘴可以相对于输料管路转动而调节喷头喷丝的截面积。
还包括有外围壳体和驱动装置,输料管路内嵌于外围壳体内,输料管路与挤料喷嘴同轴连接;挤料喷嘴在驱动装置的驱动下,可以相对于输料管路转动。
所述的驱动装置包括主动齿轮、从动齿轮和电机;主动齿轮固定于外围壳体内,从动齿轮固定在挤料喷嘴上;主动齿轮与从动齿轮啮合;电机驱动主动齿轮;从动齿轮在主动齿轮的带动下,带动挤料喷嘴转动。
所述的从动齿轮固定在挤料喷嘴上端。
输料管路的内通道截面形状的重心与挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状的重心在垂直于输料管路和挤料喷嘴的内通道截面的同一轴上;挤料喷嘴可绕该轴旋转。
所述的输料管路的内通道截面形状与挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状均为规则的多边形。
所述的规则的多边形可为三角形、四边形等规则的多边形。
所述的输料管路的内通道截面形状和挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状是边长为3a的等边三角形;挤料喷嘴绕垂直于输料管路和挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状的轴的旋转角度为θ;两截面的重合区域的面积为挤料喷嘴单位时间内实际挤出物料的截面积S;则
S = 9 3 4 1 + tan 2 θ 2 1 + 3 tan θ 2 a 2
所述的电机调控挤料喷嘴旋转的角度为θ。
所述的外围壳体内包含有加热装置,加热输料管路中的传输物料,使其为熔融状态,该传输物料可为ABS或PLA等易熔融材料。
本发明解决上述技术问题之二的技术方案是:
所述的打印速度调控方法是:
打印速度V=K*S*L;其中S为喷嘴实际喷丝的截面积,L为单位打印成形面积,K是与打印机有关的常量;
喷嘴实际喷丝截面积S和单位打印成形面积L决定进料速度,并影响热熔速度;进料速度和热熔速度共同决定打印速度;
通过S与L的改变形成一个信号来控制打印速度,即调控喷头输料管路的进料速度;
所述的精度调控方法是:根据打印精度的不同需求,调整打印速度以控制打印精度;打印精度要求高时,打印速度慢;打印精度要求低时,打印速度快。
通过电机调控挤料喷嘴旋转的角度来改变单位时间内挤料喷嘴实际挤出物料的截面积S;由于打印喷头的工作移动速度不变,为确保每层Z轴成形高度为一定值,要实时地根据挤料喷嘴实际挤出物料的截面积S来调控输料管路的进料速度;进料速度与传输物料的热熔速度大小相等,同时也为打印机工作时的打印速度V。
所述的喷嘴实际喷丝截面积S在输料管路的内通道截面形状和挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状是边长为3a的等边三角形时,
S = 9 3 4 1 + tan 2 θ 2 1 + 3 tan θ 2 a 2
其中,θ为由电机调控的挤料喷嘴旋转的角度。
有益效果:
本发明通过控制电机的转动,进而控制挤料喷嘴相对于输料管路的旋转角度;从而实现对喷嘴实际喷丝截面积的控制;以控制打印机的打印精度和速度。可针对不同的打印目的和不同的打印区域,调整不同的打印精度和速度。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明:
图1是本发明打印机喷头主视图;
图2是本发明打印机喷头主要组成部件示意图;
其中:a-输料管路斜视图 b-输料管路俯视图
c-挤料喷嘴斜视图 d-挤料喷嘴俯视图
图3是本发明输料管路内通道截面和挤料喷嘴内通道截面俯视图,其中O为两个相同等边三角形的重心,θ为它们中垂线的夹角;
图4是θ=π/3时,输料管路和挤料喷嘴内通道截面俯视图;
图5是θ=0时,输料管路和挤料喷嘴内通道截面俯视图;
图6是本发明打印速度影响因素的逻辑图;
图7是本发明打印速度调控系统图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示为本发明3D打印机喷头的主视图,主要组成部件示意图如图2所示;包含输料管路103和挤料喷嘴107和外围壳体101,输料管路103与外围壳体101固定在打印机机体上,输料管路103内嵌于外围壳体101。外围壳体内包含有加热装置,加热输料管路103中的传输物料,使其为熔融状态,该传输物料可为ABS或PLA等易熔融材料。
输料管路103与挤料喷嘴107同轴连接,输料管路的内通道102截面形状与挤料喷嘴的内通道108截面形状均为规则的多边形,该规则的多边形可为三角形、四边形等。其中,输料管路的内通道102截面形状的重心与挤料喷嘴的内通道108截面形状的重心在垂直于输料管路的内通道102截面和挤料喷嘴的内通道108截面的同一轴上。
挤料喷嘴107的上部固定有一从动齿轮104,从动齿轮104的转动可带动挤料喷嘴107的转动。外围壳体101内电机的转动可带动主动轴106的转动,主动轴106上端固定有一主动齿轮105,主动齿轮105可带动从动齿轮104的转动。本发明通过软件精确的控制电机的转动圈数来调控挤料喷嘴107绕垂直于输料管路的内通道102截面和挤料喷嘴的内通道108截面轴的旋转角度θ。
如图3所示,挤料喷嘴107绕垂直于输料管路的内通道102截面形状和挤料喷嘴的内通道108截面形状轴的旋转角度为θ。其中阴影部分为输料管路的内通道102截面三角形与挤料喷嘴内通道108截面三角形重合区域,该重合区域的面积也即为挤料喷嘴107单位时间内实际挤出物料的截面积。
下面以本发明的一具体实施例进一步进行阐述;设计输料管路的内通道102截面形状和挤料喷嘴的内通道108截面形状均为边长为3a的等边三角形,通过电机调控挤料喷嘴107旋转的角度为θ,输料管路的内通道102截面与挤料喷嘴的内通道108截面的重合区域的面积为图3中阴影区域的面积S。则
S = 9 3 4 1 + tan 2 θ 2 1 + 3 tan θ 2 a 2
通过电机调控θ值来改变单位时间内挤料喷嘴107实际挤出物料的截面积。由于打印喷头的工作移动速度不变,为确保每层Z轴成形高度为定值,要实时地根据挤料喷嘴107实际挤出物料的截面积来调控输料管路103的进料速度。进料速度与传输物料的热熔速度大小相等,同时也为打印机工作时的打印速度V。
如图4、7所示情况下,阴影部分的面积最小,也即打印速度最小的时候,可以应用在对打印精度要求较高的情况下。如图5所示情况中阴影区域的面积的最大,也即打印速度最大的时候,可以应用在对打印精度要求不高的情况下,来缩短打印时间。即,根据打印精度的不同需求,调整打印速度以控制打印精度;打印精度要求高时,打印速度慢;打印精度要求低时,打印速度快。
如图6、7所示,本发明中,打印速度调控方法是:
打印速度V=K*S*L;其中S为喷嘴实际喷丝的截面积,L为单位打印成形面积,K是与打印机有关的常量;
喷嘴实际喷丝截面积S和单位打印成形面积L决定进料速度,并影响热熔速度;进料速度和热熔速度共同决定打印速度;
通过S与L的改变形成一个信号来控制打印速度,即调控喷头输料管路的进料速度。

Claims (12)

1.一种3D打印机喷头,包括有输料管路、挤料喷嘴;挤料喷嘴位于输料管路下方;其特征在于:挤料喷嘴可以相对于输料管路转动而调节喷头喷丝的截面积。
2.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:还包括有外围壳体和驱动装置,输料管路内嵌于外围壳体内,输料管路与挤料喷嘴同轴连接;挤料喷嘴在驱动装置的驱动下,可以相对于输料管路转动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述的驱动装置包括主动齿轮、从动齿轮和电机;主动齿轮固定于外围壳体内,从动齿轮固定在挤料喷嘴上;主动齿轮与从动齿轮啮合;电机驱动主动齿轮;从动齿轮在主动齿轮的带动下,带动挤料喷嘴转动。
4.根据权利要求3所述的3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述的从动齿轮固定在挤料喷嘴上端。
5.根据权利要求2、3或4所述的3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:输料管路的内通道截面形状的重心与挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状的重心在垂直于输料管路和挤料喷嘴的内通道截面的同一轴上;挤料喷嘴可绕该轴旋转。
6.根据权利要求5所述的3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述的输料管路的内通道截面形状与挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状均为规则的多边形。
7.根据权利要求6所述的3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述的规则的多边形可为三角形、四边形等规则的多边形。
8.根据权利要求7所述的3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述的输料管路的内通道截面形状和挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状是边长为3a的等边三角形;挤料喷嘴绕垂直于输料管路和挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状的轴的旋转角度为θ;两截面的重合区域的面积为挤料喷嘴单位时间内实际挤出物料的截面积S;则
S = 9 3 4 1 + tan 2 θ 2 1 + 3 tan θ 2 a 2
所述的电机调控挤料喷嘴旋转的角度为θ。
9.根据权利要求8所述的3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述的外围壳体内包含有加热装置,加热输料管路中的传输物料,使其为熔融状态,该传输物料可为ABS或PLA等易熔融材料。
10.权利1至9任一项所述的3D打印机喷头的速度和精度调控方法,其特征在于:
所述的打印速度调控方法是:
打印速度V=K*S*L;其中S为喷嘴实际喷丝的截面积,L为单位打印成形面积,K是与打印机有关的常量;
喷嘴实际喷丝截面积S和单位打印成形面积L决定进料速度,并影响热熔速度;进料速度和热熔速度共同决定打印速度;
通过S与L的改变形成一个信号来控制打印速度,即调控喷头输料管路的进料速度;
所述的精度调控方法是:根据打印精度的不同需求,调整打印速度以控制打印精度;打印精度要求高时,打印速度慢;打印精度要求低时,打印速度快。
11.根据权利要求10所述的3D打印机喷头的速度和精度调控方法,其特征在于:通过电机调控挤料喷嘴旋转的角度来改变单位时间内挤料喷嘴实际挤出物料的截面积S;由于打印喷头的工作移动速度不变,为确保每层Z轴成形高度为一定值,要实时地根据挤料喷嘴实际挤出物料的截面积S来调控输料管路的进料速度;进料速度与传输物料的热熔速度大小相等,同时也为打印机工作时的打印速度V。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的3D打印机喷头的速度和精度调控方法,其特征在于:所述的喷嘴实际喷丝截面积S在输料管路的内通道截面形状和挤料喷嘴的内通道截面形状是边长为3a的等边三角形时,
S = 9 3 4 1 + tan 2 θ 2 1 + 3 tan θ 2 a 2
其中,θ为由电机调控的挤料喷嘴旋转的角度。
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