CN104083398B - A kind of medical protection flushing liquor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of medical protection flushing liquor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104083398B CN104083398B CN201410365249.2A CN201410365249A CN104083398B CN 104083398 B CN104083398 B CN 104083398B CN 201410365249 A CN201410365249 A CN 201410365249A CN 104083398 B CN104083398 B CN 104083398B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of medical protection flushing liquor, sodium chloride and the water of surplus that it comprises carboxymethyl chitosan that weight percentage is 0.5 ~ 5%, weight percentage is 0.7 ~ 0.9%, wherein, described carboxymethyl chitosan weight average molecular weight is 0.5 ~ 80,000.The medical protection flushing liquor that the present invention provides can play and clean wound washing wound surface, keeps wound surface to moisten smooth, prevents wound surface adhesion and cicatrix from producing, and suppresses the multiple efficacies such as wound surface bacterial growth, and additionally technique is simple, places stable the most degradable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical instruments field, more particularly to a kind of Medical washing fluid and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Due to the mechanization industrial age, various unexpected and that cause injury is increasing, how to advantageously promote patient's wound
Mouth healing, alleviating patient suffering is the direction that a lot of people makes great efforts.
In surgery operating wound processing procedure, health care workers often uses many measures to process, such as
Hemorrhage, antiinflammatory, wound irrigation agent etc., the most conventional Medical washing fluid is generally sodium chloride injection, its good fluidity,
Clean pollution-free, debridement tool in operation process is had very important significance.
But, in place of sodium chloride injection still has some deficits as Medical washing fluid.Such as without performance of keeping humidity, unlubricated property
Can, and without fungistatic effect etc..
Carboxymethyl chitosan is a kind of new surgical adjuvant, and people have been found that it has water in its continuous research
Dissolubility is good, biological degradable, the advantage such as histocompatibility is good, at present, prepares solution using carboxymethyl chitosan as raw material, main
Postoperation hemostatic to be used for and anti, its effect is to prevent in operation and postoperative intestinal adhesion, and its shortcoming is, for improving anti effect
Really, the general carboxymethyl chitosans using high molecular more, but along with the raising of preventing adhesiving effect, the mobility of solution is significantly
Decline, rinse capability decline, therefore, clinically this series products still need to normal saline flushing liquid with the use of, each play anti-
Adhesion and flushing debridement effect, additionally, the stability problem of carboxymethyl chitosan solution agent, always also be puzzlement this area skill
The difficult problem of art personnel.
Chinese patent application CN101011606 discloses a kind of anti-sticking flush fluid, consisting of: carboxymethyl chitosan
0.01 ~ 5%, sodium chloride 0.01 ~ 1%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0 ~ 1%, disodium hydrogen phosphate 0 ~ 1%, remaining is water；Anti-sticking flush fluid finished product
Kinematic viscosity at 0.1 ~ 20mm2Between/s, its pH value is between 6 ~ 8.
Chinese patent application CN100387238 discloses the medical hemostasis anti-adhesive flushing that a kind of surgery Perinatal Therapy uses
Liquid, consisting of: chitosan 0.1 ~ 0.8%, sodium chloride 0.6 ~ 0.9% or mannitol 3.0 ~ 5.0% or glycine 1.0 ~ 2.0%, remaining
Amount is water.
Two above patent all only considered the anti character of carboxymethyl chitosan or chitosan, does not investigate other
The aspects such as aspect, such as rinse capability, moisturizing lubricating ability, and stability.
Chinese patent application CN101259137 discloses a kind of instant matched medical styptic anti-adhesive flush fluid, consisting of:
Water-soluble chitosan 0.1 ~ 1.5%, the material of regulation osmotic pressure: sodium chloride 0.1 ~ 0.9%, or mannitol 3.0 ~ 5.0%, or sweet ammonia
Acid 1.0 ~ 2.0%, surplus is water for injection.The material of the water-soluble chitosan in this flushing liquor and regulation osmotic pressure need to be put respectively
Put, face used time preparation, use inconvenience.
1962, Britain doctor Winter confirmed in zoopery: in wet environment, and speed of wound healing is dryness
Under environment 2 times.Within 1963, Hinman obtains same result on human body.In August, 2000, FDA Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) emphasize especially in the new industry guide promulgated: holding wound surface moist environment is the wound processing method of standard.
It is well known that, the aggravation that wet environment often simultaneous antibacterial infects, antibacterial is easier in humidity
Survival and reproduction in environment, antibacterial survives in dry environments and fertility is all greatly reduced.
Therefore, the moisturizing of flushing liquor, lubrication and fungistatic effect, be also the aspect extremely paid close attention to of clinical staff, but
Prior art not yet relates to these aspects to the research of flushing liquor, especially can show excellent in surgical wound surface rinses simultaneously
Moisturizing, lubrication, antibacterial and promote healing aspect effect protection flushing liquor there is not been reported.
Therefore, a kind of medical protection flushing liquor of appearance is needed clinically badly, it is possible in surgical operation, the especially operating time
In longer surgical procedures, the cleanest wound, removes filth, prevents adhesion, and can keep wound humidity, lubrication, tool
There are good biocidal property and stability.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of medical protection punching being prepared from lower molecular wt carboxymethyl chitosan
Washing liquid, only has single pre-washing function or the deficiency of single anti function making up existing flushing liquor, makes wound surface moisturizing simultaneously
Lubrication, the flushing liquor provided also has good bin stability, the most degradable and degeneration.
The technical scheme that the present invention provides is:
A kind of medical protection flushing liquor, it comprises carboxymethyl chitosan, the weight percent that weight percentage is 0.5 ~ 5%
Content is sodium chloride and the water of surplus of 0.7 ~ 0.9%, and wherein, described carboxymethyl chitosan weight average molecular weight is 0.5 ~ 80,000, excellent
Select 1 ~ 50,000, further preferred 2 ~ 40,000.
Preferably, medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention, it adds weight percentage further is 0 ~ 0.1%
Phosphate-buffered pair, described phosphate-buffered is to for XH2PO4And Y2HPO4Mol ratio 1:(5 ~ 12) mixture, wherein X and Y appoints
Choosing for Na+Or K+。
It is further preferred that medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention, wherein, described phosphate-buffered is to for KH2PO4
And Na2HPO4Mol ratio 1:(8 ~ 9) mixture.
Further, medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention, it adds weight percentage further is 0 ~ 5%
Glycerol, it is preferable that the weight percentage of glycerol is 0.1 ~ 2%.
Medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention, wherein said medical protection flushing liquor dynamic viscosity is 2.8 ~ 9.0
mPa·s。
Medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention, wherein said medical protection flushing liquor pH value is 6.5 ~ 7.5.
Preferably, medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention, wherein, described carboxymethyl chitosan weight percentage is
1%。
The present invention also provides for the preparation method of above-mentioned medical protection flushing liquor:
The preparation method of medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention, its operation is as follows: weigh in proportion than water
Each composition, be under agitation dissolved in the water mixing by each composition, aseptic filtration and get final product.
The medical protection flushing liquor that the present invention provides, for cleaning wound washing wound surface, keeps wound surface to moisten smooth, anti-
Only wound surface adhesion and cicatrix produce, and suppress wound surface bacterial growth.
As the routine operation of this area, carboxymethyl chitosan used in the present invention should carry out irradiation sterilization process
Rear addition.
The degree of substitution by carboxymethyl of carboxymethyl chitosan used in the present invention is 0.7 ~ 1.1, and its molecular weight distribution index is 1
~ 2, isoelectric point, IP is 3 ~ 5, preferably 3 ~ 4, and all can reach carboxymethyl chitosan sugar product generally uses standard.
In prior art, the preparation method of carboxymethyl chitosan is prior art, and existing method has multiple, the carboxylic of the present invention
The preparation method of methyl chitosan can use method disclosed in Chinese patent application CN201210205739.7 or its other party
Method.
As the routine operation of this area, water used in the present invention is water for injection.
Carboxymethyl chitosan weight average molecular weight of the present invention, refer to molecular weight this value ± 5% in carboxymethyl shell
Polysaccharide accounts for the ratio of whole carboxymethyl chitosan more than 90%.
The technique effect that technical solution of the present invention can reach is:
(1) medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention, can form protecting film at wound surface, improve wound surface microcirculation, strengthen wound surface
Resistance, absorbs sepage, prevents crust from being formed, and beneficially slough dissolves, and is applicable to abdomen operation on pelvis, for exposed
Organ surface and the flushing cleaning of surgical wound surface, keep the moistening of wound surface and exposed organ surface and low-oxygen environment, suppression is thin
Bacteria growing, promotes wound healing, due to organ surface is dried the secondary damage that cause when reducing operation technique simultaneously, easy to use
Safety, biodegradation is good, it is to avoid cicatrization, alleviates the misery of patient.
(2) investigation to carboxymethyl chitosan molecular weight ranges of the medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention is found surprisingly that,
Time in the range of carboxymethyl chitosan molecular weight 0.5 ~ 80,000, prepare flushing liquor between film property and mobility, reach the most flat
Weighing apparatus, good film property makes flushing liquor have the most moistening, glossy effect and anti performance, and good mobility makes this
Bright flushing liquor has stronger rinse capability, and it is suitable with Normal Saline that it rinses cleaning effect.
(3) the other difference with existing product is, the medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention, additionally it is possible to make wound surface long
Time moisturizing, moisture preserving time reaches more than 1 hour, and long-time moisturizing is significant for wound repair, it addition, right through test
Than finding, compared with product of the present invention makes flushing liquor with high molecular carboxymethyl chitosan common in the art, have more
Good fungistatic effect and promotion healing ability.
(4) additional proportion of carboxymethyl chitosan has been made optimization, in the present invention by the medical protection flushing liquor of the present invention
Proportion in, flushing liquor can keep good anti ability, fluid ability and bacteriostasis simultaneously, solves existing product
Product can not meet a difficult problem for clinical various demand simultaneously.
(5) present invention is optimized also for formula, adds a certain proportion of phosphate-buffered pair, solution in flushing liquor
Stability be substantially better than other formula；Additionally, add a certain proportion of glycerol on this basis, can be obviously prolonged and wound is protected
The moistening sliding time.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1 ~ 6 and the preparation that carboxymethyl chitosan is raw material flushing liquor of the different weight average molecular weight of comparative example 1 ~ 3
Journey
Weighing the carboxymethyl chitosan 1.0g of different weight average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight is as shown in table 1, under agitation, and will
Carboxymethyl chitosan is dissolved in 100ml normal saline solution (0.9%NaCl), and aseptic filtration obtains medical protection flushing liquor, surveys
PH value, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 embodiment 1 ~ 6 and comparative example 1 ~ 3 carboxymethyl chitosan parametric measurement
。
The carboxymethyl chitosan of embodiment 7 ~ 10 and comparative example 4 ~ 6 Different Weight percentage composition prepares flushing liquor
Selecting weight average molecular weight is the carboxymethyl chitosan of 20,000, weighs carboxymethyl chitosan, weighed carboxymethyl chitosan
Weight is shown in Table 2, under agitation, is dissolved in by carboxymethyl chitosan in 100ml normal saline solution, aseptic filtration, obtains medical anti-
Protect flushing liquor, survey pH value, the results are shown in Table 2.
The carboxymethyl chitosan of table 2 embodiment 7 ~ 10 and comparative example 4 ~ 5 is weighed value
。
Embodiment 11 ~ 15 adjusts phosphate-buffered to, glycerol and the preparation example of sodium chloride addition
Weigh the carboxymethyl chitosan 1.0g of weight average molecular weight 20,000, under agitation, carboxymethyl chitosan is dissolved in
In 100ml water, add sodium chloride, glycerol, phosphate-buffered to making dissolving, aseptic filtration, obtain medical protection flushing liquor, in solution
Sodium chloride, phosphate-buffered are shown in Table 3 to, the addition of glycerol and pH measured value.
Table 3 embodiment 11 ~ 15 adds sodium chloride, phosphate-buffered to, the addition of glycerol and pH value
。
Effect example 1 developing result is tested
1, tested products: embodiment 1 ~ 15, comparative example 1 ~ 5 flushing liquor, normal saline
2, test method: the preparation bacteria suspension containing 50 ~ 100cfu/mL staphylococcus aureus, prepares 66 agar and cultivates
Base plate, is divided into 22 groups, and downward-sloping for plate 45° angle is put by the bacteria suspension uniform application that each plate 2mL prepares
Put, be respectively adopted embodiment 1 ~ 14, comparative example 1 ~ 5 flushing liquor and normal saline 100mL and uniformly rinse dish surface, every kind of flushing
Liquid rinses 3 plates, remains 3 plates and does not rinse as comparison, takes equal area residue extremely after flushing on each plate
Clump count, the bacterium of 3 plates that same flushing liquor rinses is observed after another nutrient agar plate is cultivated 18 ~ 24 hours
The number that falls calculates meansigma methods, the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 embodiment 1 ~ 15, comparative example 1 ~ 5 flushing liquor, normal saline flushing result of the test
。
Knowable to result of the test, the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 15 all can realize good developing result compared with blank,
Section Example is suitable with normal saline flushing effect, it addition, comparative example 1,2 and 5 developing result is inconspicuous, carboxymethyl shell is described
Glycan molecule amount is decreased obviously more than 100,000 rinse capability.
Effect example 2 bacteriostatic test
1, tested products: embodiment 1 ~ 15, comparative example 1 ~ 5 flushing liquor and normal saline；Use flushing liquor as test liquid.
2, test material: strain: staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, Candida albicans；Agar culture medium.
3, operational approach: be measured according to the cup-plate method in 2010 editions annex XIA of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
4, evaluation methodology:
Antibacterial circle diameter is more than 7.8mm person, has been judged to bacteriostasis；Antibacterial circle diameter is less than or equal to 7.8mm person,
It is judged to without bacteriostasis.Repeat to test for 3 times and all have bacteriostasis person, average as final result, above nothing
Bacteriostasis person, without biocidal property.
5, result of the test is shown in Table 5:
Table 5 embodiment 1 ~ 15, comparative example 1 ~ 5 flushing liquor bacteriostatic test result
。
6, conclusion (of pressure testing): above-mentioned test illustrates, when carboxymethyl chitosan percentage composition is 0.5 ~ 5%, and its weight average molecular weight
When 0.5 ~ 80,000, bacteriostasis is obvious.
Effect example 3 film forming moisturizing is tested
With healthy volunteer 10 people as experimenter, the flushing liquor uniform application of embodiment 1 ~ 15 and comparative example 1 ~ 5 is rinsed
Liquid is in experimenter's forearm same position, and applying amount is unified for 2ml, film area 2cm × 15cm, after smearing in 0,10,
30min observes and smears place, and record the results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 film forming moisturizing result of the test
。
From film forming moisturizing result of the test it can be seen that comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 flushing liquor film property are poor, and moisturizing effect
The poorest, illustrate that carboxymethyl chitosan weight average molecular weight is less than 0.5 ten thousand, or carboxymethyl chitosan weight percentage is less than 0.5%
Time, may cause flushing liquor can not film forming, affect product preventing adhesiving effect, additionally comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 also show guarantor
The problem of wet performance difference, carboxymethyl chitosan molecular weight is described, and less than 0.5 ten thousand or concentration is poor less than 0.5% moisturizing lubricant effect,
In operation process, exposed internal organs and wound surface are easily dried, thus cause damage；Compare, the film property of embodiment 1 ~ 15 and moisture-retaining capacity
All it is better than comparative example 3 and comparative example 4.
Effect example 4 moisturizing, lubricate, promote that wound healing effect is tested:
Embodiment 1,2,4,5,6,9,10,11,14,15, comparative example 2 ~ 5 and saline control moisturizing, profit have been carried out
Sliding, the Piglet s colibacillosis of promotion wound healing, concrete grammar and result are as follows:
The Wistar rat 280 selecting body weight to be about 200g, male and female half and half, it is randomly divided into 14 groups, often group 20.14
Individual group is respectively as follows: embodiment 1 flushing liquor group, embodiment 2 flushing liquor group, embodiment 4 flushing liquor group, embodiment 5 flushing liquor group, reality
Execute example 6 flushing liquor group, embodiment 9 flushing liquor group, embodiment 10 flushing liquor group, embodiment 11 flushing liquor group, embodiment 14 are rinsed
Liquid group, embodiment 15 flushing liquor group, comparative example 2 flushing liquor group, comparative example 3 flushing liquor group, comparative example 4 flushing liquor group, comparative example 5
Flushing liquor group and saline control group.All animals all uses barbital sodium intraperitoneal injection of anesthesia.Open rat abdominal cavity, blind
Intestinal surface rubs continuously to many places oozing of blood occur.Take 10ml respectively to organize flushing liquor and repeatedly rinse damaged part, then by unnecessary flushing
Liquid sucking-off, sews up abdominal cavity wound.Operation process is observed organ surface and keeps moistening, smooth situation, and respectively at 3,5,7,10,
Within 12 days, open abdomen and observe rat wound healing situation.
Standard is as follows: (1) heals excellent, Wound healing rate >=80%, wound surface complete epithelization time≤7 day, tissue slice
Observe epidermis and dermis is normal；(2) heal not good enough, Wound healing rate 50% ~ 80%, the wound surface complete epithelization time 7 ~ 10
My god, epidermis observed by tissue slice and dermal partial is downright bad；(3) wound suppuration, Wound healing rate ＜ 50%, the complete epithelization of wound surface
Time ＞ 10 days, epidermis observed by tissue slice and corium is the most downright bad.
Result of the test shows, embodiment 1 flushing liquor group, embodiment 2 flushing liquor group, embodiment 4 flushing liquor group, embodiment 5
Flushing liquor group, embodiment 6 flushing liquor group, embodiment 9 flushing liquor group, embodiment 10 flushing liquor group, embodiment 11 flushing liquor group, reality
Execute example 14 flushing liquor group, embodiment 15 flushing liquor group promotes that the effect of wound healing is better than comparative example 2 ~ 5 groups and normal saline pair
According to group, result of the test is shown in Table 7:
Table 7 moisturizing, lubricate, promote wound healing effect contrast test
。
From above result of the test it can be seen that the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 15 and comparative example 2 ~ 5 are compared with normal saline, protecting
Moistening sliding and promotion wound healing aspect all has certain effect, and wherein, it is poor that comparative example 3 lubricates moistening effect, simultaneously anti
Weak effect, illustrates that moisturizing lubrication preventing adhesiving effect is undesirable when carboxymethyl chitosan molecular weight is too low；Comparative example 2 promotes healing
Weak effect；Comparative example 4 promotes healing and preventing adhesiving effect inequality, illustrates that carboxymethyl chitosan needs to maintain finite concentration, when dense
Spend the most antibacterial little promoting healing and preventing adhesiving effect is not good enough；All tested products biodegradations are good；It is furthermore observed that contrast
There is conjunctival congestion phenomenon in example 2 partial rat.
Effect example 5 stability test
Embodiment 2,5,10,12 ~ 15 and comparative example 2 and 5 flushing liquor sterile filling are positioned at temperature 20 ± 5 DEG C, 0,
6, December measures carboxymethyl chitosan weight average molecular weight, the results are shown in Table 8:
Table 8 stability test result
。
Result shows, flushing liquor prepared by the embodiment of the present invention is all placed stable, and without obvious degradation, comparative example 2 was placed
In journey, carboxymethyl chitosan degraded substantially, illustrates flushing liquor made when carboxymethyl chitosan weight average molecular weight is more than 200,000
Shelf-stability is poor；It addition, flushing liquor adds appropriate phosphate-buffered to improving product stability.
The above embodiment is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the feasible enforcement of non-invention is exhaustive, for
For persons skilled in the art, done any aobvious and easy to it on the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and spirit
The change seen, within all should being contemplated as falling with the claims of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a medical protection flushing liquor, it is characterised in that: comprise weight percentage be 0.5～the carboxymethyl chitosan of 5%,
Weight percentage is 0.7～the sodium chloride of 0.9% and the water of surplus, and wherein, described carboxymethyl chitosan weight average molecular weight is
0.5～80,000.
2. medical protection flushing liquor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described carboxymethyl chitosan weight average molecular weight is
1～50,000.
3. medical protection flushing liquor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described carboxymethyl chitosan weight average molecular weight is
2～40,000.
4. medical protection flushing liquor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: add further weight percentage be 0～
The phosphate-buffered pair of 0.1%, described phosphate-buffered is to for XH2PO4And Y2HPO4Mol ratio 1: the mixture of (5～12),
Wherein X and Y optional for Na+Or K+。
5. medical protection flushing liquor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: described phosphate-buffered is to for KH2PO4With
Na2HPO4Mol ratio 1: the mixture of (8～9).
6. medical protection flushing liquor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: add further weight percentage be 0～
The glycerol of 5%.
7. medical protection flushing liquor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: add further weight percentage be 1～
The glycerol of 2%.
8. the medical protection flushing liquor as according to any one of claim 1～7, it is characterised in that: described medical protection rinses
Hydraulic power viscosity is 2.8～9.0 mPa s.
9. medical protection flushing liquor as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that: described medical protection flushing liquor pH value is 6.5
～7.5.
10. medical protection flushing liquor as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that: described carboxymethyl chitosan weight percent contains
Amount is 1%.
The preparation method of the 11. medical protection flushing liquors as according to any one of claim 1～7, it is characterised in that operation is such as
Under: weighing each composition than water in proportion, be under agitation dissolved in the water mixing by each composition, aseptic filtration and get final product.
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104337834B (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2017-06-30 | 河北爱能生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of carboxymethyl chitosan Enema liquid |
| CN104606222B (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2017-09-05 | 河北柯瑞生物医药有限公司 | A kind of plant polyose cleaning fluid |
| CN104606224A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-05-13 | 河北柯瑞生物医药有限公司 | Cleaning liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN104622889B (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2018-03-30 | 河北柯瑞生物医药有限公司 | A kind of plant polyose cleaning fluid |
| CN104721222A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-06-24 | 石家庄亿生堂医用品有限公司 | Plant polysaccharide protective washing solution |
| CN104706664B (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2017-11-28 | 河北爱能生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of plant polyose protects flushing liquor |
| CN106511370A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-22 | 上海陶盛生物技术有限公司 | Bacteriostatic liquid |
| CN107802883B (en) * | 2017-12-09 | 2020-08-14 | 青岛市妇女儿童医院 | Wound cleaning solution |
| CN109394678A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-01 | 安徽徽科生物工程技术有限公司 | Tissue irrigating solutions and its application in the medical field |
| CN113332236A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-09-03 | 杭州协合医疗用品有限公司 | Preparation method of carboxymethyl chitosan anti-adhesion flushing fluid for surgical operation |
| CN113995685A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-01 | 宋沂泓 | Vinegar-salt secondary polishing and protecting flushing fluid and preparation method thereof |
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| JPH02304026A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-12-17 | Morishita Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Liquid for peritoneal lavage |
| CN101011606A (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-08-08 | 沈晶 | Anti-sticking flush fluid |
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