CN104076048B - The monitoring method that a kind of coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content dynamically changes - Google Patents
The monitoring method that a kind of coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content dynamically changes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the monitoring method that a kind of coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content dynamically changes, including: selected check plot, that selectes described coal mine subsidence land working face mining line front end is undisturbed region as measured zone；In described measured zone, it is contemplated that go out to measure uniform settlement district, it is contemplated that go out and measure non-homogeneous Subsidence Area；With the moisture monitoring point of described measurement uniform settlement district and the non-homogeneous Subsidence Area of described measurement for measuring point, with the moisture monitoring point of described check plot as control point, repeatedly obtain each described moisture observation of point of measuring as measuring moisture observation, it is thus achieved that the moisture observation of each described control point is as comparison moisture observation；It is calculated eliminating rainfall and affects corrected value.Coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content measured by the present invention is the most accurate, can grasp the moisture degree of impairment that soil is produced by coal-mining subsidence overall process in more overall scientific ground, reclaim for Land in Regional Land and ecological environment reparation provides data message.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to colliery correlative technology field, particularly a kind of coal mine subsidence land soil vertical contains
The monitoring method that the water yield dynamically changes.
Background technology
The main body mining area of Wind-sandy Area between China's loess hill and Mu us dese, desertification and
Potential desertification land area accounts for the 85% of the gross area.The thin skin layer soil particle of sand bed overlying is the most loose
Dissipating, artificial disturbance or boisterous invasion all can cause it to disperse rapidly, concurrent Soil erosion.
Along with coal in China exploits " strategy moves westwards ", certainly will also the ecological environment in this region will be brought accordingly
Negative effect, its main damage form be surface movement and deformation cause subside, surface cracks with
And the soil quality damage thus caused.
At present, the impact of soil moisture is studied by some scholars by coal mining subsidence area.The Inner Mongol
" the infrared ray light shine mining collapse area Ecological recovery technology that agricultural university and China Mining University complete for 2007
Test with demonstration research " achievement in research show: coal mining subsidence area is basic to nutrient, the moisture of soil
Not impact.And the research of Zhao Hongmei shows: subsidence area soil moisture content compared with non-collapsed district
All significantly reduce in each degree of depth of 0-60cm, the stable subsided land after subsiding 9 years and non-collapsed ground
Comparing, soil moisture content is the most relatively low, but difference is little.Zang Yintong etc. are also to dust storm after coal-mining subsidence
Soil physical and chemical properties change is studied, it is believed that the impact of the soil moisture after depression 2 years is still deposited
?.The research of Zhang Fawang, Nie Zhenlong, Li Wen equality people, all thinks that the exploitation in the type region adds
The change of acute environment, has certain impact to soil environment.In factual survey is studied, also have perhaps
Many people think, the land ecology in shifting of sand dunes area is affected little or do not affects by coal mining subsidence area: Zhao Yong
Discovery subsidence area, peak is basically identical with non-subsidence area soil moisture content on each level of section, table
The bright impact on soil moisture content of subsiding is inconspicuous；Lv Jingjie etc. are by East Maowusu south
The research that the moisture space-time dynamic regularity of distribution of fixed dune is affected by edge sand ground coal mining subsidence area shows,
The change in time and space of soil moisture is affected less by the surface subsidence caused of mining in husky district.
But, the studies above conclusion is but not quite similar, and needs the angle from exploitation damage overall-process to go
Carry out kinetic measurement and research, and conventional research, it is suitable mainly to select the soil after subsiding
Position be sampled analyze, lack kinetic measurement moisture damage.
The difficult point of Wind-sandy Area coal-mining subsidence moisture damage measurement method is:
1) existence of aeolian accumulation sand bed, the form adopting the soil damage caused exists with Middle Eastern
Notable difference, choosing of the observation position of damage factor is extremely difficult；
2) Wind-sandy Area coal master producing region mostly is the super large working face mining quickly propelled, coal-mining subsidence,
The Spatio-temporal Evolution data variation speed of soil vertical moisture quickly, obtains in the overall process of its change
Complete information is extremely difficult；
3) monitoring of moisture is affected very big with rainfall by spatial and temporal variation, gets rid of spatial and temporal variation and rainfall
Affect extremely difficult；
4) on the premise of not destroying former geomorphological structure, same place deep carbonate rocks is persistently observed
Extremely difficult；
5) soil move depression change various, find target depth extremely difficult accurately.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to for prior art to coal-mining subsidence water uptake kinetics and degree of impairment
Measure inaccurate technical problem, it is provided that a kind of coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content dynamically changes
Monitoring method.
The monitoring method that a kind of coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content dynamically changes, including:
The exploitation of selected edge is moved towards opposite direction distance and is averagely adopted deep non-sunken region work more than twice coal seam
For check plot, that selectes described coal mine subsidence land working face mining line front end is undisturbed region as survey
Amount region；In described measured zone, it is contemplated that go out uniform settlement region as measure uniform settlement district,
Predict non-homogeneous sunken region as measuring non-homogeneous Subsidence Area；
In described check plot, Subsidence Area non-homogeneous with described measurement, described measurement uniform settlement district parallel
Multiple moisture monitoring point is laid in open-off cut direction respectively, buries underground at each described moisture monitoring point and has
The Neutron aluminum pipe of certain Observational depth；
Utilize described Neutron aluminum pipe that each described moisture monitoring is clicked on Mobile state during mining
Observation, with the moisture monitoring point of described measurement uniform settlement district and the non-homogeneous Subsidence Area of described measurement be
Measure point, with the moisture monitoring point of described check plot as control point, it is thus achieved that each described point of measuring
Moisture observation is as measuring moisture observation WSee (i, j), it is thus achieved that the moisture of each described control point is seen
Measured value is as comparison moisture observation WTo (i), wherein i represents Observational depth, and j represents exploitation line-spacing
Distance from described moisture monitoring point；
It is calculated eliminating rainfall and affects corrected value WExcept rain (i, j)=(WTo (i)-WSee (i, j))。
The present invention is by setting up control point, thus gets rid of rainfall impact, and moisture has been carried out school
Just, therefore measured coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content is the most accurate, can more comprehensive section
Learn ground and grasp the moisture degree of impairment that soil is produced by coal-mining subsidence overall process, reclaim for Land in Regional Land
Data message is provided with ecological environment reparation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the monitoring side that a kind of coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content of the present invention dynamically changes
The workflow diagram of method；
Fig. 2 is the layout of the monitoring points figure of one example of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that a kind of Neutron aluminum pipe of the present invention is buried underground and scale marker schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is illustrated in figure 1 what a kind of coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content of the present invention dynamically changed
The workflow diagram of monitoring method, including:
Step S101, selected move towards opposite direction distance along exploitation and averagely adopts more than twice coal seam and deeply (adopt
The coal degree of depth) non-sunken region as check plot, selected described coal mine subsidence land working face mining line
Front end be undisturbed region as measured zone；In described measured zone, it is contemplated that go out uniform settlement district
Territory is as measuring uniform settlement district, it is contemplated that go out non-homogeneous sunken region as measuring non-homogeneous Subsidence Area；
Step S102, in described check plot, described measurement uniform settlement district and described measurement non-homogeneous
Multiple moisture monitoring point is laid in parallel open-off cut direction, Subsidence Area respectively, at each described moisture monitoring
Point buries the Neutron aluminum pipe with certain Observational depth underground；
Step S103, utilizes described Neutron aluminum pipe to each described moisture monitoring during mining
Click on Mobile state observation, with described measurement uniform settlement district and the water of the non-homogeneous Subsidence Area of described measurement
Point monitoring point is for measuring point, with the moisture monitoring point of described check plot as control point, it is thus achieved that Mei Gesuo
State the moisture observation measuring point as measuring moisture observation WSee (i, j), it is thus achieved that each described comparison
The moisture observation of point is as comparison moisture observation WTo (i), wherein i represents Observational depth, j generation
The distance of moisture monitoring point described in table exploitation linear distance；
Step S104, being calculated eliminating rainfall affects corrected value WExcept rain (i, j)=(WTo (i)-WSee (i, j))。
In the present embodiment, survey region is divided into three parts: check plot, measure uniform settlement district and
Measure non-homogeneous Subsidence Area, lay moisture monitoring point respectively and be monitored, either measure point still
Control point, its rainfall born is consistent, therefore, is seen by the moisture of the control point of check plot
Measured value correction is measured uniform settlement district and measures non-homogeneous Subsidence Area to get rid of rainfall impact.Thus arrange
Except the impact of spatial and temporal variation Yu rainfall, overcome damage factor observation position choose asking of difficulty
Topic, it is achieved the lasting observation to same place deep carbonate rocks.
It is illustrated in figure 2 the layout of the monitoring points figure of one example of the present invention, wherein, along exploitation trend
Line front end is exploited as check plot 21, coal mine subsidence land work surface 22 in reciprocal non-sunken region
It is undisturbed region as measured zone, predicts uniform settlement region as measuring all in measured zone
Even Subsidence Area 221, it is contemplated that go out non-homogeneous sunken region as measuring non-homogeneous Subsidence Area 222.Institute
State check plot 21, described measurement uniform settlement district 221 and described measurement non-homogeneous Subsidence Area 222 flat
Multiple moisture monitoring point 224 is laid in row open-off cut 223 direction respectively, open-off cut i.e. work surface 22 1
The sideline of side.
Wherein, Fig. 2 middle and upper part is top view, and bottom is the corresponding profile at A-A'.
Wherein, the comparison moisture observation of the control point of same Observational depth can be corresponding multiple same
The measurement moisture observation of the observation station of Observational depth.
Wherein, it is contemplated that go out uniform settlement region and go out non-homogeneous sunken region can use existing respectively
The mode of kind realizes.
Wherein in an embodiment, also include:
Each described eliminating rainfall is affected corrected value WExcept rain (i, j)The moisture background value deducting correspondence obtains
To moisture W removing spatial variability impact(i,j)。
Spatial variability can constitute impact to moisture, obtains removing sky by deducting moisture background value
Between make a variation the moisture of impact, thus obtain the most accurate vertically moisture.
Wherein in an embodiment, moisture W of described removal spatial variability impact(i,j)Adopt
Obtain by following manner:
The observation moisture observation that each described measurement is put in described Cheng Qian of mining is as background value WJust (i)；
Moisture W of described removal spatial variability impact(i,j)=(WExcept rain (i, j)-WJust (i))。
Wherein in an embodiment:
Described point of measuring is arranged in the following way: in described uniform settlement district and described non-homogeneous heavy
The vertical direction of extraction falling into district is respectively provided with at least one Subsidence Area observation band, heavy every described
Fall into district's observation band and moisture monitoring point is set as described measurement point；
Described control point is arranged in the following way: arrange at least one non-depression in non-sunken region
District's observation band, arranges moisture monitoring point as described right at non-Subsidence Area observation band every described
According to point.
Wherein in an embodiment:
Determine l=H before and after described exploitation line0It is strong influence area in the range of × cot ω, wherein: l is super
Front impact away from, ω is advance angle of influence, H0For coal seam averagely degree of coal mining；
When described exploitation line is more than l near the distance of described moisture monitoring point, to described moisture monitoring
The observing frequency clicking on Mobile state observation is 10～45 days/time；
When described exploitation line close to the distance≤l of described moisture monitoring point and described exploitation line away from
During distance≤the l of described moisture monitoring point, described moisture monitoring is clicked on the observation frequency of Mobile state observation
Rate is 1～3 day/time；
When described exploitation line away from described moisture monitoring point distance more than l and less than or equal to 2l time,
The observing frequency that described moisture monitoring clicks on Mobile state observation is 5～7 days/time；
When described exploitation line away from described moisture monitoring point distance more than 2l time, described moisture is supervised
The observing frequency that measuring point is dynamically observed is 15～45 days/time.
The present embodiment, according to Surface movement rule Monitoring Data and universals thereof, determines exploitation line
L=H front and back0It is strong influence area in the range of × cot ω, moisture monitoring is taked the way of sectional monitoring.
Coal master producing region, Wind-sandy Area mostly is the super large working face mining quickly propelled, therefore coal-mining subsidence, soil
The Spatio-temporal Evolution data variation speed of the vertical moisture of earth quickly, and the method for the present embodiment, can be very well
Ground obtains the complete information in the overall process of coal-mining subsidence, the change of soil vertical moisture.
For the sake of insurance and simplicity, l ≈ H can be taken0Empirically formula, wherein an embodiment
In:
Determine H before and after described exploitation line0In the range of be strong influence area, wherein: H0Average for coal seam
Coal mining degree；
When described exploitation line is more than H near the distance of described moisture monitoring point0Time, described moisture is supervised
The observing frequency that measuring point is dynamically observed is 10～45 days/time；
When described exploitation line is close to the distance≤H of described moisture monitoring point0And described exploitation line away from
Distance≤the H of described moisture monitoring point0Time, described moisture monitoring is clicked on the observation of Mobile state observation
Frequency is 1～3 day/time；
When described exploitation line away from the distance of described moisture monitoring point more than H0And less than or equal to 2H0
Time, the observing frequency that described moisture monitoring clicks on Mobile state observation is 5～7 days/time；
When described exploitation line away from the distance of described moisture monitoring point more than 2H0Time, to described moisture
The observing frequency that monitoring point is dynamically observed is 15～45 days/time.
As an example, H0Be 200 meters, then:
When described exploitation line is more than 200 meters near described moisture monitoring point, to described moisture monitoring
The observation cycle clicking on Mobile state observation is 10～45 days；
When described exploitation line arrives described exploitation line away from described near described moisture monitoring point≤200 meter
During moisture monitoring point≤200 meter, the observation cycle that described moisture monitoring clicks on Mobile state observation is
1～3 day；
When described exploitation line arrives described exploitation line away from institute away from described moisture monitoring point more than 200 meters
When stating moisture monitoring point≤300 meter, the observation cycle that described moisture monitoring clicks on Mobile state observation is
5～7 days；
When described exploitation line is more than 400 meters away from described moisture monitoring point, to described moisture monitoring
The observation cycle clicking on Mobile state observation is 15～45 days.
Due to different depth of soil, soil volumetric water content is with change in depth and differs, therefore will
Different depth hierarchical monitor, different layers sets with different interval.Wherein in an embodiment, also wrap
Include:
When being 0～40cm for the Observational depth of described moisture monitoring point, observe once every 5cm；
When being 40～100cm for the Observational depth of described moisture monitoring point, observe one every 10cm
Secondary；
For described moisture monitoring point Observational depth more than 100cm time, every 20cm observe once.
Under normal circumstances, when being 0～40cm for the Observational depth of described moisture monitoring point, soil
It is relatively big that moisture increases graded with the degree of depth, observes once every 5cm；
When being 40～100cm for the Observational depth of described moisture monitoring point, soil moisture is with the degree of depth
Increase graded to slow down, but root is it is observed that still ring layer position for rain shadow of accepting a surrender, and observes every 10cm
Once；
For described moisture monitoring point Observational depth more than 100cm time, soil moisture with the degree of depth increase
Add graded less, and rain shadow of accepting a surrender rings faint, observes once every 20cm.
Wherein in an embodiment, one end 0～40cm of basseting outside described Neutron aluminum pipe
Scale is marked every 0.5cm.
For described monitoring place, surface movement is more obvious, and Neutron aluminum pipe there will be with earth's surface
The phenomenon fluctuated in mobile and little scope, for precisely determining the detecting head degree of depth in underground, prison
Survey the purpose degree of depth soil volumetric water content, basset outside described Neutron aluminum pipe one end 0～
40cm marks scale every 0.5cm, in order to determine the length that Neutron aluminum pipe bassets, thus
Judge the detecting head degree of depth in underground.
The present embodiment make soil move depression change various in the case of, it is possible to accurately find mesh
The mark degree of depth.
As an example, a kind of Neutron aluminum pipe being illustrated in figure 3 the present invention is buried underground and scale
Mark schematic diagram.Whole Neutron 3 includes: Neutron aluminum pipe 31, detecting head 32, shielding ball 33
With display 34, detecting head 32 in depth under, Neutron aluminum pipe 31 part is basseted, and
Basset outside Neutron aluminum pipe 31 mark scale 311, and shielding ball 33 wraps up Neutron aluminum pipe
31 expose ground matrix section, and Neutron aluminum pipe 31 is connected with display 34 by receiving line 35.
Wherein in an embodiment, take the soil weight in the corresponding degree of depth, with calibration curve, demarcate
Time, take layering to demarcate with sub-prime and combine.
Wherein in an embodiment, also include:
Utilization closes on spatial surface coordinate control point, applies level gauge, and the earth's surface in observational study district is high
Degree present situation, the horizontal coordinate in application total powerstation observational study district；
According to coordinate space control point, earth's surface, determine described uniform settlement district and described non-homogeneous depression
The area limit coordinate in district.
The method of one of them example of the present invention comprises the following steps:
The method is applied to great Liu tower ore deposit, god east work surface, this work face length 280m, advances length
2881.3m, coal seam average buried depth 234m, coal thick 7.07～7.7m, average 7.25m, this district is
Exploitation 5-2 coal, this coal seam buried depth 190-220m, applies comprehensive mechanization coal caving mining method, adopts
The mining type of top board is managed by long-wall mining, the formula that is caving.
A, set up the space coordinates control system of aboveground lower correspondence, determine working face mining progress front end
Be undisturbed region as survey region: before working face mining, set up the sky of aboveground lower correspondence
Between coordinate control system, along work surface move towards centrage lay spatial surface coordinate control line, control
Dot spacing 20～30m；Utilize the correlation theory of mining subsidence, it was predicted that surface movement leading infection away from
L, utilizes the surface control point closed on, and uses measuring instrument, and determines that day opens according to production schedule
Adopt progress, be undisturbed the scope in region in demarcation front, earth's surface, and in this, as survey region；
B, in survey region, in conjunction with mining subsidence correlation theory, utilize prediction of mining subsidence soft
Part, it is contemplated that go out uniform settlement district and non-homogeneous Subsidence Area, respectively at two vertical directions of extraction in region
Lay moisture monitoring point every 40m-80m, and bury the supporting Neutron aluminum pipe of experiment (Φ 45, length underground
230cm), 0～200cm soil vertical moisture of survey region moisture monitoring point before observation exploitation disturbance
Spatial distribution data, determines top layer, study area moisture background value and spatial distribution form；
C, utilization close on spatial surface coordinate control point, apply level gauge, the earth's surface in observational study district
Highly present situation, the horizontal coordinate in application total powerstation observational study district；
D, when working face mining progress is close to the border of the scope of survey region, study area starts
Depression, application level gauge observation subsidence, the total station survey of application moves horizontally situation, with
Determine Subsidence Range in each moisture monitoring point depression height and study area；
E, the moisture vertical change of observation moisture monitoring point soil: by vertical earth's surface every 5cm～20cm
The spacing not waited lays moisture observation station, and the means b of utilization determines original background value W of each observation stationJust (i), wherein i represents Observational depth；
F, the moisture of actual measurement moisture monitoring point Soil Surrounding: some moisture prison is laid in each region
Measuring point, the actual observed value as each region of averaging, coal-mining subsidence overall process carries out water
Dividing and continue dynamically observation, observing frequency regards exploits line-spacing moisture monitoring point distance and the growth of depression
Depending on state, it is thus achieved that moisture observation is as measuring moisture observation WSee (i, j), wherein i represents observation
The degree of depth, j represents exploitation linear distance observation station distance；
G, the moisture correction of eliminating rainfall impact: move towards opposite direction, when reaching certain along exploitation
To not be affected by depression during distance, thus moisture content value will be the most stable, general distance open-off cut H0
Outside scope, present case is chosen at open-off cut 200m, lays control point, synchronizes f and obtains moisture sight
Measured value is as comparison moisture observation WTo (i), wherein i represents Observational depth, then in less scope
In, comparison moisture deducts each observation and just can be considered that eliminating rainfall affects, i.e. WExcept rain (i, j)=(WTo (i)-WSee (i, j))；
H, the moisture of removal spatial variability impact further: the result that g obtains is superposed with e,
I.e. subtracting background value on the basis of g result, so that it may obtain and consider spatial variability and rainfall impact
Coal-mining subsidence is to moisture observation: W(i,j)=(WTo (i)-WSee (i, j)-WJust (i))。
Preferably, step a is for determining survey region, and the space coordinates setting up aboveground lower correspondence controls
System, for avoiding adopting its impact and destruction as far as possible, control point uses the column that cement pours,
The subsidiary reinforcing bar in cylinder center；Control point buried depth is more than 0.5m, exposes earth's surface 5～10cm.
Preferably, step b is to determine the original background value of moisture, soil vertical water in survey region
Observation uses Neutron soil moisture gauge, Neutron aluminum pipe forever lay after not destroyed area soil former
Beginning form, energy long-term tillage METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION top layer and deep carbonate rocks change, not by hysteresis
Impact, depth measurement does not limits, and can arrange Neutron aluminum pipe length, required observation data according to detection requirement
All carry out instrumental correction.
Further, in step b, the observation of survey region moisture is adopted subregion and is layouted method, respectively uniformly
Moisture monitoring point is laid in Subsidence Area and non-homogeneous Subsidence Area, and measures the space coordinates with measuring point,
Measuring, at each moisture monitoring point embedded underground, the Neutron aluminum pipe that scope is 2m, Observational depth is
When 0～40 centimetre, every 5 centimetres of observations once；When Observational depth is 40～100cm, every
10 centimetres of observations are once；When Observational depth is 100～200cm, every 20 centimetres of observations once.
After each point moisture observation data stabilization, continue observation 3～5 times, average and supervise as each moisture
The moisture background value of measuring point；
Preferably, step d is to determine the start periods of encryption observation, and working face mining progress is close
Distance in survey region border is H0Time；
Preferably, step e is to get rid of the impact of rainfall and spatial variability, utilize total powerstation (or
Handhold GPS) behind labeling sight region, it is perpendicular to exploitation trend in 2 regions and lays 3 sights respectively
Survey band, in 2 regions, on each observation band, lay 2 monitoring points, i.e. 1 sight respectively
Survey and have 4 monitoring points on band；Meanwhile, cloth in the range of the non-Subsidence Area of distance open-off cut 200m
If 1 observation band, it lays 3 monitoring points, as comparison, to get rid of the weather such as rainfall
Factor affects；
Further, in step e, observation cycle regards exploitation line-spacing moisture monitoring point distance and depression
Developmental condition depending on, exploitation linear distance moisture monitoring point more than 150m time, generally 10～45
My god；Linear distance moisture monitoring point 150m is to during away from moisture monitoring point 150m in exploitation, generally 1～
3 days, when exploitation line is away from moisture monitoring point 150m to 300m, generally 5～7 days, exploit line
During away from moisture monitoring point more than 300m, generally 15～45 days, until detection moisture difference is not
Till after notable；
Preferably, step e is to observe the soil moisture of the buried target degree of depth accurately, at Neutron
Aluminum pipe basset one end 0～40cm mark scale, in order to constantly read Neutron aluminum pipe expose ground
The height in face, in order to get rid of Neutron aluminum pipe basset height can with coal-mining subsidence grow and change
Impact, it is simple to adjust probe during observation in time and transfer distance.
Above with the method for the invention at thin bedrock Wind-sandy Area work surface coal-mining subsidence to soil vertical
As a example by actual application in the life cycle of moisture impact, the present invention is described in detail.But
One skilled in the art would recognize that the present invention is not therefore subject to any restriction.
Observe Wind-sandy Area coal-mining subsidence moisture damage all sidedly for science, it is heavy that the present invention combines exploitation
Fall into the feature of the subjects such as, mapping science, agrology and environmental science, caused to mining respectively
Subsidence, move horizontally, soil vertical change of moisture content is observed, specific as follows:
The first step, it is intended to determine that plan minery territory is as survey region: determine according to production schedule
The mining progress (away from the distance of open-off cut) of work surface, and utilize the earth's surface coordinate control point that closes on and
Total powerstation, is demarcated on earth's surface, finds that now production face, foremost away from open-off cut 300m, enters one
Step is chosen away from open-off cut 300+H0M is as the border of survey region, and the specification of survey region is 100m
×280m；
Second step, it is intended to determine study area moisture background value and moisture vertical distribution: subregion is layouted sight
Survey survey region moisture data before exploitation disturbance, by survey region application mining subsidence correlation theory
Knowledge is divided into uniform settlement district and non-homogeneous Subsidence Area, lays 3 sights being perpendicular to direction of extraction
Survey band, each interband spacing 50m, respectively fall in uniform settlement district and non-homogeneous depression at band
In district, lay 4 interval 50m moisture monitoring points, 12 moisture monitoring points altogether, meanwhile,
Move towards opposite direction along exploitation, at distance open-off cut 150m, lay 1 observation band, on band
Lay the control points of 3 interval 50m, and record the space coordinates of each moisture monitoring point, see continuously
Survey 3 times, as moisture background value；
3rd step, continues observation, and after exploitation line closes on study area 150m, observation cycle changes 1～3 into
My god, the soil vertical moisture change of observation check plot and study area simultaneously, until exploitation line is away from research
During the 150m of region, change observation cycle be 5～7 days, exploitation line away from moisture monitoring point 300m with
Time upper, change observation cycle is 30 days, until after detection moisture difference is not notable.For reducing
The impact of illumination, evaporation, dew, temperature etc., determines the every day 9 of fixed observer in order.
4th step, it is intended to get rid of the moisture correction of rainfall impact: observation data carry out P=0.05
Test of difference under level, i.e. finds that check plot is respectively formed with study area same depth soil moisture
Significant difference (P < 0.05), and internal 3 the observation station same depth Soil water diffevences in check plot
Property notable (p > 0.05).Thus can obtain, contrary with direction of extraction away from open-off cut 150m at
The position not affected by coal-mining subsidence for soil vertical water content, then in less scope, comparison
Moisture deducts each observation and just can be considered that eliminating rainfall affects, i.e. WExcept rain (i, j)=(WTo (i)-WSee (i,j))；
5th step, it is intended to obtain removing the moisture of spatial variability impact: by WExcept rain (i, j)With moisture
Background value superposition, i.e. WExcept rain (i, j)Subtracting background value, so that it may obtain and consider that spatial variability affects with rainfall
Coal mining ground fissure to moisture observation: W(i,j)=(WTo (i)-WSee (i, j)-WJust (i)), wherein WTo (i)
For the observation data of band, W at distance open-off cut 150mJust (i)For its original background value.
Use this formula that the observation strip data of zones of different is processed, draw exploitation behavior pair
The impact of the soil moisture content of zones of different is different, and the impact on topsoil is more than deep soil,
But affect the most little.With the end of exploitation, soil moisture has certain recovery, and topsoil recovers
Very fast, the deep layer impacted time is longer.Impacted being greater than in study area exploited was exploited
After region, and non-homogeneous Subsidence Area is more than uniform settlement district.
Embodiment described above only have expressed the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is the most concrete
In detail, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.Should be understood that
It is, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise,
Can also make some deformation and improvement, these broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, originally
The protection domain of patent of invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (7)
1. the monitoring method that coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content dynamically changes, its feature exists
In, including:
The exploitation of selected edge is moved towards opposite direction distance and is averagely adopted deep non-sunken region work more than twice coal seam
For check plot, that selectes described coal mine subsidence land working face mining line front end is undisturbed region as survey
Amount region；In described measured zone, it is contemplated that go out uniform settlement region as measure uniform settlement district,
Predict non-homogeneous sunken region as measuring non-homogeneous Subsidence Area；
In described check plot, Subsidence Area non-homogeneous with described measurement, described measurement uniform settlement district parallel
Multiple moisture monitoring point is laid in open-off cut direction respectively, buries underground at each described moisture monitoring point and has
The Neutron aluminum pipe of certain Observational depth；
Utilize described Neutron aluminum pipe that each described moisture monitoring is clicked on Mobile state during mining
Observation, with the moisture monitoring point of described measurement uniform settlement district and the non-homogeneous Subsidence Area of described measurement be
Measure point, with the moisture monitoring point of described check plot as control point, it is thus achieved that each described point of measuring
Moisture observation is as measuring moisture observation WSee (i, j), it is thus achieved that the moisture of each described control point is seen
Measured value is as comparison moisture observation WTo (i), wherein i represents Observational depth, and j represents exploitation line-spacing
Distance from described moisture monitoring point；
It is calculated eliminating rainfall and affects corrected value WExcept rain (i, j)=(WTo (i)-WSee (i, j))；
Wherein, when being 0～40cm for the Observational depth of described moisture monitoring point, see every 5cm
Survey once；
When being 40～100cm for the Observational depth of described moisture monitoring point, observe one every 10cm
Secondary；
For described moisture monitoring point Observational depth more than 100cm time, every 20cm observe once.
The prison that coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content the most according to claim 1 dynamically changes
Survey method, it is characterised in that also include:
Each described eliminating rainfall is affected corrected value WExcept rain (i, j)The moisture background value deducting correspondence obtains
Remove moisture W of spatial variability impact(i,j)。
The prison that coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content the most according to claim 2 dynamically changes
Survey method, it is characterised in that moisture W of described removal spatial variability impact(i,j)Use as follows
Mode obtains:
The observation moisture observation that each described measurement is put in described Cheng Qian of mining is as background value WJust (i)；
Moisture W of described removal spatial variability impact(i,j)=(WExcept rain (i, j)-WJust (i))。
The prison that coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content the most according to claim 1 dynamically changes
Survey method, it is characterised in that:
Described point of measuring is arranged in the following way: in described uniform settlement district and described non-homogeneous heavy
The vertical direction of extraction falling into district is respectively provided with at least one Subsidence Area observation band, heavy every described
Fall into district's observation band and moisture monitoring point is set as described measurement point；
Described control point is arranged in the following way: arrange at least one non-depression in non-sunken region
District's observation band, arranges moisture monitoring point as described right at non-Subsidence Area observation band every described
According to point.
The prison that coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content the most according to claim 1 dynamically changes
Survey method, it is characterised in that also include:
Determine l=H before and after described exploitation line0It is strong influence area in the range of × cot ω, wherein: l is super
Front impact away from, ω is advance angle of influence, H0For coal seam averagely degree of coal mining；
When the front end of described exploitation line is more than l near the distance of described moisture monitoring point, to described water
Point observing frequency that monitoring point is dynamically observed is 10～45 days/time；
When the front end of described exploitation line is close to the distance≤l of described moisture monitoring point and described exploitation
When the rear end of line is away from the distance≤l of described moisture monitoring point, described moisture monitoring is clicked on Mobile state
The observing frequency of observation is 1～3 day/time；
When described exploitation line rear end away from described moisture monitoring point distance more than l and less than or etc.
When 2l, the observing frequency that described moisture monitoring clicks on Mobile state observation is 5～7 days/time；
When described exploitation line rear end away from described moisture monitoring point distance more than 2l time, to described
It is 15～45 days/time that moisture monitoring clicks on the observing frequency of Mobile state observation.
The prison that coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content the most according to claim 1 dynamically changes
Survey method, it is characterised in that also include:
Determine H before and after described exploitation line0In the range of be strong influence area, wherein: H0Average for coal seam
Coal mining degree；
When the front end of described exploitation line is more than H near the distance of described moisture monitoring point0Time, to described
It is 10～45 days/time that moisture monitoring clicks on the observing frequency of Mobile state observation；
When the front end of described exploitation line is close to the distance≤H of described moisture monitoring point0And described exploitation
The rear end of line is away from the distance≤H of described moisture monitoring point0Time, described moisture monitoring is clicked on action
The observing frequency of state observation is 1～3 day/time；
When the rear end of described exploitation line away from the distance of described moisture monitoring point more than H0And less than or etc.
In 2H0Time, the observing frequency that described moisture monitoring clicks on Mobile state observation is 5～7 days/time；
When the rear end of described exploitation line away from the distance of described moisture monitoring point more than 2H0Time, to institute
State moisture monitoring click on Mobile state observation observing frequency be 15～45 days/time.
The prison that coal mine subsidence land soil vertical water content the most according to claim 1 dynamically changes
Survey method, it is characterised in that
One end 0～40cm of basseting outside described Neutron aluminum pipe marks scale every 0.5cm.
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| CN108692796B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2023-12-12 | 安徽理工大学 | Device for measuring water level difference between underground water and surface water in dynamic coal mining subsidence area |
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