CN102759337B - Method for monitoring dynamic fractures of underground mining working face - Google Patents
Method for monitoring dynamic fractures of underground mining working face Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for monitoring dynamic fractures of an underground mining working face, which is used for accurately and completely obtaining mining subsidence fractures and geometric information in the development process thereof. The method comprises the steps as follows: a fracture monitoring reference line is laid; a mathematical model between the position of a fracture at the headmost end of the working face and the position of the working face is established; a corresponding best observational fracture is found out through the mathematical model, so as to be observed continuously and dynamically; variation data of fracture width is obtained; and a variation trend chart of the fracture width relative to the position of the working face is drawn, so as to facilitate the analysis of characteristics and time node information at all typical stages experienced by the headmost fracture in the whole process from the production to total closure, summarize and abstract the complete life cycle of the dynamic fracture at the headmost end of the work face, and then provide a time reference and technical support for the study of an influence mechanism of coal mining of an area over the land ecological environment and the self-repairing cycle of the land ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the environmental monitoring technology field, particularly the monitoring method of Wind-sandy Area pit mining workplace front end dynamic crack.
Background technology
The main body mining area of Wind-sandy Area has unique soil physico-chemical property, such as area, China god east, due to desertification and potential desertification, make the Wind-sandy Area soil particle form thick, loose non-structure, the water storage fertilizer-preserving ability is poor, one meets current, compose the thin list soil layer of depositing on sand bed, disintegration rapidly, grogs easily disperses.In addition, the mutual conducts of harsh climate factor such as the physicochemical property of soil and heavy rain, strong wind cause the serious soil erosion.These conditions and factor finally cause mining area ecological environment very fragile.
Correlative study shows, coal mining causes the subregion Study of Platycladus orientalis-Robinia pseudoacacia degree of fragmentation of the type to strengthen, and well is dry, and underground water table descends, and center water level decline degree can reach 2-3m, and soil moisture content descends, and vegetation coverage reduces, and soil erosion increases the weight of.And should the zone high strength exploitation which variation, the soil of the spatial and temporal variation that affects rule and mechanism, soil damage (as ground fissure) in soil and the surface water that thereupon causes damaged is that temporary transient which is that the self-reparing capability in permanent, soil is not carried out systematic study as key issue how, thereby finally cause providing to the selection of the reclamation activities of ecologic environment after this zone-perturbation the decision-making foundation of science.
The life cycle of surface cracks refers to the overall process from generation to complete closure that it exists on the earth's surface.For the monitoring of this process, be prerequisite and the basis of the Spatio-temporal Evolution rule of soil porosity before and after this zone coal mining disturbance of research, soil nutrient, soil moisture content, be this Land in Regional Land micromechanism of damage important component part of research.
At present, correlative study is mainly mechanism, the ground fissure regularity of distribution that produces for ground fissure, the theoretical research of ground fissure geological information, and the part document relates to the content of ground fissure monitoring:
Wang Jinzhuan utilizes soil body compression theory, qualitative analysis the function model of fracture width, point out under the same conditions, there is linear relationship (please provide the list of references in the corresponding Wang Jin village, thanks) with the ratio of spacing L in crack d with the earth's surface horizontal distortion; Wu Kan is by the computing method of arbitrfary point, the earth's surface dynamic strain component that proposed exploitation and cause. the distortion of the Ground Point mechanical property with ground surface soil combined, Distribution Law of Ground Crack dynamic calculation model has been proposed, and point out that crack displaying time on the earth's surface is substantially equal to T=2B/v, wherein B is crack, coal face top sector width, v is the average fltting speed (Wu Kan of workplace, Hu Zhenqi, Chang Jiang, Ge Jiaxin. the Distribution Law of Ground Crack China Mining University journal that exploitation causes, 1997,26 (2): 56～59); Li Xiao etc. adopt the IGG-1 mechanical type gap observation meter of independent research, geological information to Jinchuan deposit Ⅱ district more than 10 bar ground fissures has carried out the monitoring of different periods and has carried out data analysis, obtain the crack and had obvious three-dimensional feature, and its origin cause of formation has been carried out corresponding anatomy (Li Xiao, Lu Shibao, Liao Qiulin, Du Guodong. the ground fissure distribution characteristics that cut and fill causes and field monitoring analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2006,25 (7): 1361～1369); Yao Juan is according to the situation of change of the spatial information between any two points, set up the mathematical model that fracture width and distortion are calculated, point out that fracture width and distortion are important indicator (Yao Juan of reflection crack variation, the Xu work, the surface cracks rule research [J] that exploitation causes. Shandong Technology Univ's journal (natural science edition), 2009,23 (6): 105～108); Li Liang, Wu Kan etc. utilize the method for 3 D laser scanning, obtain the cloud data of the ground fissure district topographical features of subsiding, each point apart from the distance of starting point and sinking with (x, y) in form input MATLAB, these discrete points are carried out interpolation, form level and smooth curve L to be analyzed, utilize four kinds of small echos to carry out wavelet analysis, observation data actual with it meets, can be used for extracting fracture distribution rule (Li Liang, Wu Kan, Chen Ranli, to open and relax. wavelet analysis is in the application [J] of Subsidence Area surface cracks information extraction. the mapping science, 2010,35 (1): 165～167).
Yet, above-mentioned research mainly with whole crack as research object, be embodied in emphatically the regularity of distribution in crack, the study on monitoring of part fracture, the initial monitoring time in crack more seriously lags behind the time that the crack occurs, the data of obtaining can not comprise the information of crack initial conditions fully, and monitoring frequency is lack of standardization, are not suitable for Shen Dong mining area modernization exploitation and cause the crack in the quick variation of earth's surface indicating characteristic.
On the whole, initial conditions for the crack when producing is to being characterized on the earth's surface fully or basic stage, the process that disappears and experience, particularly also do not carry out for the monitoring of the life cycle in thin basement rock Wind-sandy Area workplace front end crack and do not carry out corresponding research, in this process, just do not know where to begin to the research of land ecology environment in the crack yet.
The difficult problem of the monitoring method of Wind-sandy Area workplace front end crack life cycle is:
1) distinguishing with to choose difficulty very large of object of observation: thin basement rock Wind-sandy Area earth's surface is covered by unconsolidated formation, it is mainly yellow sand that the above soil of erosional layer consists of, and mobility is larger, the impact reinvented for landforms in the zonule of strong wind, rainwater weather is larger in addition, surface cracks produce at first the stage the sign on the earth's surface relatively a little less than, its character recognition and choose very difficult with respect to the other types zones, thereby when ground fissure is produced the data of initial conditions and finally obtaining of crack life cycle caused very large impact;
2) the crack geological information to obtain difficulty larger: the flow existence of sand bed of Wind-sandy Area earth's surface, the soil of both sides, crack is crossed sand, quality is loose, the crack is in the growth courses such as cracking, closure, the slump phenomenon easily appears in the part soil of sides of fracture, brought very large difficulty for obtaining of fracture width data, uncertain accidental error is introduced rough error, can't achieve the desired result, and finally also can't obtain the life cycle in front end crack.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is to, a kind of monitoring method of pit mining workplace dynamic crack is proposed, with the accurate and complete geological information that obtains in dynamic crack and growth course thereof, the Spatio-temporal Evolution rule of the soil physico-chemical property that is caused by regional surface cracks for research provides the basis, and the foundation of science finally is provided for this local area ecological recovery scenario and measure.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of monitoring method of pit mining workplace dynamic crack said method comprising the steps of:
(1) lay the Crack Monitoring datum line: before coal work, lay the Crack Monitoring datum line, described datum line is comprised of several observation station of ground movement, described research station is laid along the center line of workplace trend from the rear of open-off cut, the two ends of datum line should guarantee to exceed Affected areas by mining, and measure afterwards the volume coordinate position of each research station in laying;
(2) find out crack foremost: when the advance of the face is A to primary importance, mark observation is carried out in emerging doubtful crack, its place ahead, find out the crack of growing with the follow-up propelling of workplace in these doubtful cracks, be crack foremost with primary importance apart from the crack of maximum in the crack of these growths, measure foremost that the second place in crack is B, obtain the distance C between the second place and primary importance;
(3) set up mathematical model: repeating step 2 obtains the primary importance Ai of a plurality of workplaces, and the distance C i of the second place Bi in its corresponding crack foremost and primary importance and the second place, set up three's mathematical model, Bi=Ai+C ', wherein C ' is the mathematical expectation of a plurality of Ci, i=1,2..n;
(4) mathematical model of setting up according to step 3, position at distance workplace C ', select the most adjacent many cracks in these both sides, position as the observation crack, measure this many cracks with a plurality of wide variety of the advance of the face, measure frequency greater than 1 day/time, until no longer grow in the crack, till complete closure on the earth's surface, therefrom select the most obvious crack of growth and observe the crack as the best;
(5) in different workplace positions, repeating step 4 obtains a plurality of best wide variety data of observing the crack;
(6) the best that obtains according to step 4 and 5 observes the crack with a plurality of wide variety data of the advance of the face, draws fracture width about the changing trend diagram of workplace position.
Preferably, learn correlation theory according to mining subsidence, following principle is followed in the laying of described datum line: can reach on the earth's surface under the condition of fully adopting, datum line gets final product by the flat of bottom of moving basin; Can not reach on the earth's surface under the condition of fully adopting, datum line need be located on the principal section of moving basin.
Preferably, in step 1, interval, described research station 10-40 rice is laid.
Preferably, in the observation fracture width, also observe the variation of length, the degree of depth and the drop in crack.
Preferably, when observing fracture width in step 4, two 5-10cm places, lateral extent crack lay the observation rod perpendicular to the crack in the crack, measure crack original width Lo, and the distance B o of two ends observation rod, the later stage is measured the distance B i of observation rod, by formula Li=Lo+ (Di-Do) calculating fracture width Li, i=1 wherein, 2..n.
Preferably, lay a plurality of width measure points on every crack, the spacing between width measure is selected is 3-5 rice.
Preferably, observation cycle T＞the 2B/V of every crack, wherein B is the bandwidth that workplace moves towards the continuous slit band of direction, V is workplace day fltting speed, observation work until the ground of ground fissure characterize disappear and continue unchanged till, wherein the unit of T is the sky, and the unit of B is rice, and the unit of V is rice/sky.
Preferably, in step 4 and 5, according to formula
Calculate maximum rate of sinking and lag behind apart from L, wherein, Ho represents that on average adopting of coal-face is dark,
Be maximum rate of sinking drag angle, during the distance B in workplace and observation between the crack＜2L, strengthen observing frequency, when D＞2L, reduce observing frequency.
as shown from the above technical solution, the monitoring method of dynamic crack provided by the invention has built the georeferencing system in workplace and crack, by setting up the workplace mathematical model between crack and workplace position foremost, measuring method (the observation procedure of FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS is provided, observation cycle and frequency), observe accurately choosing of crack (object of observation) that scientific basis is provided for the workplace position is best arbitrarily, and comprise that by mensuration ground fissure produces the crack geological information of the initial period of growing, drawn the changing trend diagram of fracture width about the workplace position, so that feature and the timing node information of all typical phases that analysis front end crack experiences from produce this overall process of complete closure, for obtaining of crack life cycle provides complete reliable data, and then for study the exploitation of this Regional Coal on the land ecology environment affect mechanism and the research in selfreparing cycle provides time reference and technical support.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the laying schematic diagram of datum line and monitoring point in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the observation schematic diagram of fracture width in the present invention;
Fig. 3 be in one embodiment of the present of invention fracture width with the changing trend diagram of the advance of the face.
Embodiment
The below is take the practical application of the method for the invention in the crack life cycle monitoring of thin basement rock Wind-sandy Area workplace front end as example, and the present invention is described in detail.Yet one skilled in the art would recognize that the present invention is not therefore subject to any restriction.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
The first step: lay the Crack Monitoring datum line.
Described datum line is comprised of several observation station of ground movement, and described research station is laid along the center line of workplace trend from the rear of open-off cut, and the two ends of datum line should guarantee to exceed Affected areas by mining, and its laying work should be ahead of coal work.Preferably, described datum line is learned correlation theory according to mining subsidence, and following principle is followed in the laying of described datum line: can reach on the earth's surface under the condition of fully adopting, datum line gets final product by the flat of bottom of moving basin; Can not reach on the earth's surface under the condition of fully adopting, datum line need be located on the principal section of moving basin.
As shown in Figure 1, wherein 1 is location of starting cut, and 2 is datum line, and 3 for being laid in the research station on datum line.Interval, described research station 10-40 rice is laid, and uses afterwards in laying the volume coordinate of measuring the research station such as the method for transit traverse and measurement of the level.
Second step: find out crack foremost.
Workplace crack foremost is the best monitoring target of fracture development overall process, and in Wind-sandy Area, the earth's surface may be covered by unconsolidated formation, cause workplace foremost generation initial stage in crack very faint in the sign on earth's surface.In addition, the root growth of some psammophytes also may cause the cracking on earth's surface, thereby distinguishing of crack brought a lot of interfere informations foremost.So, need in conjunction with the position of working face mining, take measures to find out crack foremost.
particularly, when the advance of the face is A to primary importance (distance between workplace and open-off cut), mark observation is carried out in emerging doubtful crack, its place ahead, utilize its peripheral observation station of ground movement as the reference mark, set up total powerstation or other measuring equipment, according to field condition, the developmental state that (such as 4-10 days) observe these doubtful cracks within one suitable period, find out the crack (being the crack that length or width can change) of growing with the follow-up propelling of workplace in these doubtful cracks, be crack foremost with primary importance A apart from the crack of maximum in the crack of these growths, measure the second set B in crack foremost, obtain the distance C between second place B and primary importance A.
The 3rd step: set up mathematical model.Repeat the method for second step, obtain a plurality of workplace primary importance Ai, and the distance C i (i=1 between the second place Bi in its corresponding crack foremost and primary importance Ai and second place Bi, 2..n), utilize least square method to set up three's mathematical model, Bi=Ai+C ', wherein C ' is the mathematical expectation of a plurality of Ci, thereby for next step object of observation choose and the obtaining of geological information of initial conditions lays the foundation.
The 4th step: according to the mathematical model of the 3rd step foundation, with the work at present identity distance from the position that is C ', many cracks (such as 4 cracks) the conduct observation crack that selected these both sides, position are the most adjacent, locus in the time of can utilizing total powerstation and contiguous observation station of ground movement to demarcate its original state, and measure simultaneously this many cracks with a plurality of wide variety of the advance of the face, measure frequency greater than 1 day/time, until no longer grow in the crack, till complete closure on the earth's surface, and therefrom select the most obvious crack of growth and observe the crack as the best.
As shown in Figure 2, wherein 4 is the body surface crack, and 5 are the observation rod, and 6 is steel ruler.The situation of change of fracture width can adopt following method to measure:
Two 5-10cm places, lateral extent crack lay the observation rod perpendicular to the crack in the crack, measure this crack, place original width Lo (can directly use steel ruler to measure), and the distance B o of two ends observation rod, later stage only need be measured the distance B i (i=1 of observation rod, 2..n, for measuring number of times), the fracture width Li when calculating each the measurement by formula Li=Lo+ (Di-Do).In addition, because the crack is longer, therefore many group observation rods can be set on every crack, interval 3-5 rice arranges, and in practical operation, also can in time add according to the developmental state in crack the observation rod.In addition, the observation rod should embed in soil as far as possible perpendicular to ground, and buried depth is no less than 20cm.
Wherein, for reduce the field work amount as far as possible, can further utilize experimental formula to determine cycle and the frequency of observation.
Propelling along with workplace, fracture continues observation, according to the width B of moving towards the continuous slit band of direction in the basin, with workplace day fltting speed V, preferably, the observation cycle T＞2B/V of every crack, observation work until the ground of ground fissure characterize disappear and continue unchanged till, wherein the unit of T is the sky, and the unit of B is rice, and the unit of V is rice/sky.
The variation of fracture width is relevant with earth's surface activity severe degree, in the time of can reaching maximum rate of sinking with earth's surface rate of sinking and earth's surface and workplace distance L (usually be expressed as maximum rate of sinking lag behind apart from) reflection, therefore, preferably, should and according to pressing close to degree adjustment observing frequency apart from d and L between the position in the crack that is observed and workplace position, when fracture width changes greatly, need to strengthen observing frequency; When fracture width changes hour, reduce observing frequency.Generally, can utilize maximum rate of sinking drag angle
According to formula
Calculate maximum rate of sinking and lag behind apart from L, wherein, Ho represents that on average adopting of coal-face is dark.According to the delta data of observation station of ground movement elevation in mining active process on the gap observation datum line of previous laying, can calculate maximum rate of sinking and
And then obtain the size of L.During the distance B at workplace and object of observation between both＜2L, observing frequency is relatively large, especially when 0.5L＜D＜1.5L, should be encrypted observation, and when D＞2L, observing frequency should corresponding reducing.
For obtaining better the situation of change in crack, preferably, when measuring the fracture width variation, can also measure simultaneously length and the drop situation of change in crack.For example, by nearest research station, determine the coordinate position at two ends, crack with total powerstation with the method for tracerse survey at the two ends in crack, and be plotted to the surface-underground contrast plan of workplace, the fracture length of utilizing two point coordinate to ask.
The 5th step: in order to observe more all sidedly the crack with the situation of growing of the propelling of workplace, repeat the method in the 4th step, so that in different workplace positions, obtain the developmental state in a plurality of best observations crack.
The 6th step: utilize the width information in the crack that obtains to draw the changing trend diagram of wall scroll fracture width information, analyze duration and the advance of the face amount in each main typicalness stage, by the statistical information of many cracks, sum up the complete life cycle of this zone surface cracks.
Embodiment: for the Crack Monitoring of adopting in certain mining area, the fracture width information of using said method to obtain has been drawn the trend map of fracture width with the advance of the face, as shown in Figure 3, this crack is provided with 5 observation stations, wherein ■ represent 1#, ● represent 2#, ▲ represent 3#,
Represent 4# and
Represent 5#.
When the work at present identity distance was 454m from the position of open-off cut, this crack occurred the earliest, first advance 7m; When workplace was pushed ahead 19m, the crack presented maximum the sign, and wherein the 5# information gathering point is incremented to the 25mm left and right by 3.3mm, and pace of change is about 1.158mm/m.This zone correspondence be the A1 stage, within this stage, the fracture width of #1, #2, #3, four information gathering points of #4 all increases progressively, and belongs to the fracture development stage.
When workplace continued to push ahead 42m, the width integral body of 5 information gathering points was in the decline state, was tending towards 0 at the width value of 515m place information gathering point, characterized from ground, and crack integral body also is in the healing state.When workplace continued to be advanced into 565m, without growing, corresponding zone was the A2 stage on figure substantially in the crack; In first semiperiod of fracture development, from appearance-growth-closure and stable, workplace amounts to and has advanced approximately 111m, and the position in ahead work face crack is 104m at this moment.
When workplace continues to push ahead to 577m, split again in crack formerly position, the width in crack, 5 information gathering point places is all grown less than first stage and is peaked situation, the A3 zone that this stage is corresponding, belong to the loosening stage of earth's surface, at this moment ahead work face crack 116m.
From 577m until the 613m place, the variation of fracture width is very faint, and what this stage was corresponding is the A4 zone, is defined as the gradually stabilization sub stage, this moment ahead work face crack 152m; The later stage crack is tending towards closure state gradually, and the A5 zone that this stage is corresponding is defined as fully and heals the stage, follow-up observed result shows, the phenomenon of splitting is not continued in the crack, and in this moment in ahead work face each stage of crack 219m., crack and workplace position are respectively: and A1 (7m～12m); A2 (12m～104m); A3 (104m～116m); A4 (116m～152m); (152m～219m), wherein "-" represents that workplace lags behind the position that the crack occurs to A5.
From occuring to this overall process of complete closure, this has the cyclical variation situation, is referred to as the life cycle in crack.
Other object of observation also has similarity rules, therefore the life cycle of dynamic crack above this workplace of Wind-sandy Area can be divided into 5 stages: the A1 stage of development (the initial appearance, ascending); The A2 healing stage (first healing from large to small); (split again in the crack, but little than the stage of development degree) become flexible the stage on the A3 earth's surface; A4 is the stabilization sub stage (crack changes hardly, is in the stabilization sub stage) gradually; The complete close stage of A5 (healing again in the crack, no longer opens).
Claims (8)
1. the monitoring method of a pit mining workplace dynamic crack, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) lay the Crack Monitoring datum line: before coal work, lay the Crack Monitoring datum line, described datum line is comprised of several observation station of ground movement, described research station is laid along the center line of workplace trend from the rear of open-off cut, the two ends of datum line should guarantee to exceed Affected areas by mining, and measure afterwards the volume coordinate position of each research station in laying;
(2) find out crack foremost: when the advance of the face is A to primary importance, mark observation is carried out in emerging doubtful crack, its place ahead, find out the crack of growing with the follow-up propelling of workplace in these doubtful cracks, be crack foremost with primary importance apart from the crack of maximum in the crack of these growths, measure foremost that the second place in crack is B, obtain the distance C between the second place and primary importance;
(3) set up mathematical model: repeating step 2 obtains a plurality of primary importance Ai of the advance of the face, and the distance C i of the second place Bi in its corresponding crack foremost and primary importance and the second place, set up three's mathematical model, Bi=Ai+C ', wherein C ' is the mathematical expectation of a plurality of Ci, i=1,2..n;
(4) mathematical model of setting up according to step 3, with the work at present identity distance from the position that is C ', select the most adjacent many cracks in these both sides, position as the observation crack, two 5-10cm places, lateral extent crack, crack lay the observation rod perpendicular to the crack in observation, measure this many cracks with a plurality of wide variety of the advance of the face, measure frequency greater than 1 day/time, until no longer grow in the crack, till complete closure on the earth's surface, therefrom select the most obvious crack of growth and observe the crack as the best;
(5) in different workplace positions, repeating step 4 obtains a plurality of best wide variety data of observing the crack;
(6) the best that obtains according to step 4 and 5 observes the crack with a plurality of wide variety data of the advance of the face, draws fracture width about the changing trend diagram of workplace position, sums up the complete life cycle of this zone surface cracks.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, learns correlation theory according to mining subsidence, and following principle is followed in the laying of described datum line: can reach on the earth's surface under the condition of fully adopting, datum line gets final product by the flat of bottom of moving basin; Can not reach on the earth's surface under the condition of fully adopting, datum line need be located on the principal section of moving basin.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, interval, described research station 10-40 rice is laid.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in the observation fracture width, further observes the length in crack and the variation of drop.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, when measuring fracture width in step 4, measure crack original width Lo, and the distance B o of two ends observation rod, the later stage is measured the distance B i of observation rod, by formula Li=Lo+ (Di-Do) calculating fracture width Li, i=1 wherein, 2..n.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, lays a plurality of width measure points on every crack, and the spacing between width measure is selected is 3-5 rice.
7. method as described in claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that, the observation cycle T of every crack〉2B/V, wherein B is the bandwidth that workplace moves towards the continuous slit band of direction, V is workplace day fltting speed, observation work until the ground of ground fissure characterize disappear and continue unchanged till, wherein the unit of T be the sky, the unit of B is rice, and the unit of V is rice/sky.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4 and 5, according to formula
Calculate maximum rate of sinking and lag behind apart from L, wherein, Ho represents that on average adopting of coal-face is dark,
Be maximum rate of sinking drag angle, during the distance B in workplace and observation between the crack＜2L, strengthen observing frequency, as D during 2L, reduce observing frequency.
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| CN103076437B (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2014-10-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Coal mining ground fissure moisture damage detection method taking space-time difference and rainfall impact into consideration |
| CN105719342B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-10-02 | 首都师范大学 | A kind of the three-dimensional modeling method for visualizing and device of ground fissure geologic body |
| CN106595497A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-04-26 | 中车建设工程有限公司 | Building surface crack real-time monitoring and early warning system and early warning method thereof |
| CN107388950A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-11-24 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining |
| EP3748283A4 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2020-12-30 | Fujifilm Corporation | Repair length determination method and repair length determination device |
| CN111396054B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-08-10 | 安徽理工大学 | Actual measurement and theoretical combination analysis method for coal mining ground surface crack generation-development-closure space-time evolution law |
| CN112229333A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 威海华菱光电股份有限公司 | Crack change monitoring device and method, storage medium and processor |
| CN112288692B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2023-04-07 | 上海同禾工程科技股份有限公司 | Crack monitoring and management system and monitoring and management method |
| CN113095643B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-05-13 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Multi-index comprehensive evaluation method for surface mining cracks of shallow coal seam |
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| JP3766516B2 (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 2006-04-12 | 日本工営株式会社 | Crack measuring device |
| CN1274916C (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2006-09-13 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Portable engineering geologic crack measuring apparatus |
| CN201990997U (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-09-28 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Engineering geological crack measuring device |
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