CN104074876A - 十字万向节的万向节十字头 - Google Patents

十字万向节的万向节十字头 Download PDF

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CN104074876A
CN104074876A CN201410106429.9A CN201410106429A CN104074876A CN 104074876 A CN104074876 A CN 104074876A CN 201410106429 A CN201410106429 A CN 201410106429A CN 104074876 A CN104074876 A CN 104074876A
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universal joint
joint spider
spider
tubular
axle journal
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CN104074876B (zh
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C.布朗
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/44Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected the intermediate member being connected to the coupling parts by ridges, pins, balls, or the like guided in grooves or between cogs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/40Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/002Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
    • B22F7/004Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
    • B22F7/006Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part the porous part being obtained by foaming
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08Alloys with open or closed pores

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种十字万向节的万向节十字头(1),其包括基体(2),从该基体延伸出四个轴颈(3、4、5、6),其中,每个轴颈(3、4、5、6)具有圆柱形部段(7),该部段具有外径(D)和沿轴颈(3、4、5、6)的轴向(A)延伸的长度(L),其中轴颈(3、4、5、6)设计为管形结构,其中,管形结构的内径(d)是管形结构的外径(D)的至少67%。为了降低万向节十字头的重量,本发明规定,万向节十字头(1)设计为一体式构件,由该构件形成所有轴颈(3、4、5、6)以及在轴颈(3、4、5、6)之间的过渡段(8),其中,轴颈(3、4、5、6)过渡至共同的空腔(9)中,该空腔在万向节十字头(1)的内部构成。

Description

十字万向节的万向节十字头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种十字万向节的万向节十字头,其包括基体,从该基体延伸出四个轴颈,其中,每个轴颈具有圆柱形部段,该部段具有外径和沿轴颈的轴向延伸的长度,其中轴颈设计为管形结构,其中,所述管形结构的内径是管形结构的外径的至少67%。
背景技术
在现有技术中早已已知十字万向节,它们的中央构件是已述形式的万向节十字头。万向节十字头具有四个带有圆柱形表面的轴颈,轴颈在基体上成型并且设置用于容纳轴承。在此可以使用滚动轴承(优选滚针轴承)以及滑动轴承。在此万向节十字头设计为实心件,其中必要时可以通过很小的中央孔或很小的孔将润滑剂引入圆柱形部段的区域中。
这样构造的十字万向节的万向节十字头由DE6932698U已知。DE2403001B、DE1298786A、DE19635734A1和US6797084B2示出相似的和其他解决方案。
其中示出,所追求的万向节十字头和尤其圆柱形部段的实心的构造也具有缺点。在此列举:圆柱形部段在由于变形条件而偏离期望形状时几乎不能实现它的适配性能,因此圆柱形部段在所述情况中在支承时导致棱边支承。在传递扭矩时在万向节十字头的圆柱形部段的端部上出现过高的接触应力。
此外,所形成的重量还具有负面效果,尤其是在交通工具领域的应用情况中(在轿车以及卡车的应用中)。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,这样改进构造的万向节十字头,即在由于负载而变形时以简单方式形成构件更好的适配性。此外,所述构件设计得更轻,而不削弱材料的强度。
所述技术问题通过本发明这样解决,即万向节十字头设计为一体式构件,其中所有轴颈以及在轴颈之间的过渡段由该构件形成,其中,轴颈过渡至共同的空腔中,该空腔在万向节十字头的内部构成。
在轴颈之间的所有过渡段也可以设计为壁结构,其在万向节十字头内部保持有空腔。因此万向节十字头总共形成一个管形的、空心结构。
管形结构中的至少一个的内部可以填充金属泡沫(Metallschaum)用于加固万向节十字头;优选所有管形结构和空腔的内部被填充金属泡沫。
金属泡沫优选由铝构成,或其具有铝金属。
本发明一种特别优选的结构设计规定,万向节十字头通过内高压成型工艺制造。在此万向节十字头优选由作为内高压成型工艺的原始产品的板材件制成。
所述万向节十字头优选是交通工具的万向节轴的组件。其他应用可以是不同形式的十字万向节轴衬。
按照本发明的技术方案还示出,万向节十字头的轴颈的圆柱形部段符合目的地设计为管。在管的相应构造中,构件的所需强度仅略微削弱,但同时可以实现在变形情况下明显改善的适配性。在此,必要时在支承情况下可以避免棱边支承。因此可以消减局部的接触压力。
此外,万向节十字头变得明显更轻,这尤其在应用在机动车中时具有相应的优点。在此尤其涉及的是万向节轴,其尤其具有不可忽略的重量。特别优选的应用情况是在载货车中的万向节轴,因为在此万向节十字头常常是具有过大尺寸。
非常优选的是,除了万向节十字头的更小的重量外还可以在十字万向节的端部具有更大的灵活性,在所述端部上由于在运行中通过变形条件出现的倾斜位置而产生最大的接触应力。轴颈端部区域的更高的灵活性可以使在滚动体接触中的应力最小化,并且因此有助于延长使用寿命。
此外还可以节省材料,这又产生相应的成本优势。
因此形成相对薄壁的板结构,其构成万向节十字头并且其仅使用所需那么多的材料。除了材料和重量节省的优点还有其他优点,即制造公差可以保持得更小。这尤其在使用液压成型时可以实现。
附图说明
在附图中示出本发明的实施例。在附图中:
图1示出按照本发明的实施形式的十字万向节的万向节十字头的前视图,和
图2示出按照图1的沿C-C的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1和2中可以看到万向节十字头1,它是十字万向节的组件,十字万向节又是万向节轴的部件。万向节十字头1具有(空腔的)基体2,从此延伸出四个轴颈3、4、5和6。每个轴颈3、4、5、6具有轴向A;所述四个轴全部位于一个平面内。
每个轴颈3、4、5、6具有圆柱形部段7,所述部段的特征在于外径D和沿轴向A的长度L。圆柱形部段7以其外圆周面用于安置滚针轴承的滚针,该滚针轴承被用于将万向节十字头支承在其周围构件上。相应地可选地,圆柱形部段7也可以用于将万向节十字头1滑动支承在其周围构件上。
重要的是,圆柱形部段7不是设计为实心的,而是设计为管形的。据此每个轴颈3、4、5、6具有内径d(参照图2),其连同外径D和长度L一起限定管的几何形状。内径d在此至少是外径D的50%,因此与实心结构相比具有更轻的结构设计。
如由万向节十字头1的剖切所示的区域所示,在单独的轴颈3、4、5、6之间的过渡段8设计为碗型或空心结构。在该区域中的壁厚略微厚于轴颈3、4、5、6的区域。因此在万向节十字头1的中央形成空腔9。
为了加固,空腔9连同轴颈3、4、5、6的管形结构的内部被填充金属泡沫。因此,重量的提升并不明显,却可实现明显更紧固的结构。
关于万向节十字头的制造方法需要注意以下事项:优选使用(如上所述)高压变形工艺(也称为液压成型)。在此金属的管构件在封闭的成型工具中借助例如水-油-乳剂被置于高压之下,从而原始体的材料贴靠在工具壁上并且变形为所期望的形状。主要的过程参数在此是内压力,其在批量生产时通常最大至3000bar。
附图标记清单
1  万向节十字头
2  基体
3  轴颈
4  轴颈
5  轴颈
6  轴颈
7  圆柱形部段
8  过渡段
9  空腔
D  外径
d  内径
L  长度
A  轴颈的轴向

Claims (7)

1.一种十字万向节的万向节十字头(1),包括基体(2),从该基体延伸出四个轴颈(3、4、5、6),其中,每个轴颈(3、4、5、6)具有圆柱形部段(7),该部段具有外径(D)和沿轴颈(3、4、5、6)的轴向(A)延伸的长度(L),其中轴颈(3、4、5、6)设计为管形结构,其中,所述管形结构的内径(d)是管形结构的外径(D)的至少67%,其特征在于,万向节十字头(1)设计为一体式构件,由该构件形成所有轴颈(3、4、5、6)以及在轴颈(3、4、5、6)之间的过渡段(8),其中,轴颈(3、4、5、6)过渡至共同的空腔(9)中,该空腔在万向节十字头(1)的内部构成。
2.按照权利要求1所述的万向节十字头,其特征在于,至少一个所述管形结构的内部被填充金属泡沫。
3.按照权利要求2所述的万向节十字头,其特征在于,所有管形结构和空腔的内部被填充金属泡沫。
4.按照权利要求2或3所述的万向节十字头,其特征在于,所述金属泡沫由铝构成或具有铝金属。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一所述的万向节十字头,其特征在于,万向节十字头通过内高压成型工艺制成。
6.按照权利要求5所述的万向节十字头,其特征在于,万向节十字头由作为内高压成型工艺的原始产品的板材件制成。
7.按照权利要求1至6之一所述的万向节十字头,其特征在于,万向节十字头是交通工具的万向节轴的组件。
CN201410106429.9A 2013-03-25 2014-03-21 十字万向节的万向节十字头 Expired - Fee Related CN104074876B (zh)

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DE201310205184 DE102013205184B3 (de) 2013-03-25 2013-03-25 Zapfenkreuz eines Kreuzgelenks
DE102013205184.0 2013-04-25

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US20150315666A1 (en) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Induction annealing as a method for expanded hydroformed tube formability
DE102014216516A1 (de) * 2014-08-20 2016-02-25 Aktiebolaget Skf Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Außenbüchse einer Kreuzgelenkbüchse

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US768200A (en) * 1903-05-15 1904-08-23 Autocar Company Universal joint.
SU889936A1 (ru) * 1980-01-23 1981-12-15 Институт проблем надежности и долговечности машин АН БССР Крестовина карданного шарнира
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US20020066254A1 (en) * 1995-09-04 2002-06-06 Alfred Ebbinghaus Reinforced formed part, process for its production and its use
US7774925B2 (en) * 2006-10-19 2010-08-17 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method for in-situ foaming of metal foam in hollow structure

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US768200A (en) * 1903-05-15 1904-08-23 Autocar Company Universal joint.
SU889936A1 (ru) * 1980-01-23 1981-12-15 Институт проблем надежности и долговечности машин АН БССР Крестовина карданного шарнира
CN1036441A (zh) * 1987-12-07 1989-10-18 达纳公司 用于凸耳式万向接头的密封和防尘装置
US20020066254A1 (en) * 1995-09-04 2002-06-06 Alfred Ebbinghaus Reinforced formed part, process for its production and its use
US7774925B2 (en) * 2006-10-19 2010-08-17 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method for in-situ foaming of metal foam in hollow structure

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CN104074876B (zh) 2019-05-03
US20140323233A1 (en) 2014-10-30
US9284991B2 (en) 2016-03-15
DE102013205184B3 (de) 2014-06-12

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