CN104069508A - FoxO1基因在药物制备中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医药领域,特别涉及FoxO1基因在药物制备中的应用,本发明是研究FoxO1基因在高糖情况下,对成骨细胞增殖分化中的作用,进而研究了FoxO1基因糖尿病所致的骨损伤及骨质疏松中所起的作用,为临床上治疗糖尿病性骨损伤及骨质疏松疾病提供了理论依据和实验数据。本发明验证了FoxO1基因可促进成骨细胞增殖,FoxO1作为主要调控骨量的因子且在成骨细胞具有抗氧化应激的作用,其在无论是衰老引起,或是糖尿病高血糖引起的氧化应激水平增高的环境中,都对骨质疏松症的发生起到了一定的保护作用,为抗骨质疏松新药的研发提供了新靶点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,特别涉及FoxO1基因在药物制备中的应用。
背景技术
糖尿病患者异常的高水平葡萄糖可导致许多慢性并发症的发生。研究表明,糖尿病可以诱发钙、磷和骨代谢发生改变,从而使患者骨折率增加、并延迟其骨折愈合,影响其生活质量。糖尿病并发症发生机制的一个主要假说是由于糖尿病诱发的氧化应激增加,因为活性氧(ROS)在糖尿病状态下会增多,并且ROS已被证实能够诱使多种细胞功能障碍。氧化应激由多种机制所诱导,包括高级糖基化终末产物(AGEs)形成增加、多元醇通路通量增加、蛋白激酶C亚型的激活、葡萄糖自氧化以及糖尿病状态下线粒体超氧化物的产生过剩等。糖尿病中其他循环因子升高例如游离脂肪酸和瘦素,也能引起ROS生成增加。而临床研究也表明葡萄糖对骨代谢有着直接的作用,糖尿病患者血糖控制不佳时,会出现高血钙和骨丢失。临床资料显示,和糖尿病相关的骨质疏松是因为骨形成减少,而非骨吸收增加。对8名糖尿病伴有低骨量的患者进行组织形态学检查发现,患者的骨形成速率仅为健康人的24%。哺乳动物包括人类的成熟骨骼通过成骨细胞引起骨形成,而前成骨细胞在成熟过程中,经历了一系列分化阶段,如增殖,基质形成和基质矿化。成骨细胞在逐渐表现出特有的成骨表型的过程中,伴有成骨特有基因的上调和下调。增殖阶段的主要特征是在成骨细胞成熟阶段的基因表达在这一阶段最少,从增殖阶段转变为基质分化阶段,调控基质形成和基质成熟的基因开始上调,其中以碱性磷酸酶表达得最早。当成骨细胞成熟阶段特有的基因开始表达时,成骨细胞的增殖速率减慢,而基质开始沉积并趋向成熟。碱性磷酸酶的表达在基质成熟阶段达到最大值,随后在基质矿化时的后期阶段开始下降。骨钙素的表达开始增高标志着矿化阶段的开始,同时该阶段伴有钙的沉积,最终骨钙素和钙沉积在矿化阶段达到最大值。
因此,如果能研究出成骨细胞增殖分化能力的影响因素,制备出对治疗糖尿病所致的骨损伤,或是骨质疏松的药物,对糖尿病患者而言是一种极大的福利。
发明内容
本发明的目的是研究FoxO1基因在高糖情况下,对成骨细胞增殖分化中的作用,进而研究了FoxO1基因糖尿病所致的骨损伤及骨质疏松中所起的作用,为临床上治疗糖尿病性骨损伤及骨质疏松疾病提供了理论依据和实验数据。
本发明涉及FoxO1在制备治疗糖尿病所致的骨损伤药物中的应用。
本发明还涉及FoxO1在制备治疗骨质疏松药物中的应用。
本发明还涉及FoxO1在制备成骨细胞增殖药物中的应用。
本发明对高糖环境下成骨细胞增殖、分化及矿化能力与氧化应激的关系进行了实验,结果显示高糖环境下抑制成骨细胞增殖、分化及矿化能力与氧化应激密切相关。由于FoxO1是FoxO转录因子家族中在成骨细胞功能和氧化还原平衡的主要调控因子,也是一个明显调控骨量的因子,因此,本发明通过成骨细胞特异性敲除FoxO1基因,来观察FoxO1对高糖刺激下成骨细胞分化功能及矿化能力的影响。结果显示,在相同浓度D-葡萄糖刺激下,特异性敲除FoxO1基因的FoxO1-shRNA组的MC3T3-E1的成骨分化基因Runx2和ALP转录水平表达都较正常细胞对照组(HG组)和无关shRNA转染对照组(NC组)明显降低,且具有统计学意义,OC转录水平也有一定程度降低;虽然ALP活性FoxO1-shRNA组与HG组、NC组无明显差异,但是相比较于正常糖对照组(NG组),FoxO1-shRNA组的ALP活性及染色均明显降低。
RT-PCR及Western Blot结果显示,在高糖刺激下FoxO1基因的mRNA及蛋白表达均有升高。而在相同高糖刺激环境下,FoxO1敲除组细胞的成骨分化能力显著降低,同时发现FoxO1蛋白表达水平明显下降,而FoxO1正常存在的成骨细胞在高糖刺激的条件下,其FoxO1蛋白水平则呈高表达状态。以上结果提示,FoxO1可能通过在一定程度上对抗高糖引起的氧化应激作用,来达到维持成骨细胞的正常分化功能。
本发明证实了在高糖引起的氧化应激增加的情况下,FoxO1通过其抗氧化作用维持了成骨细胞的正常分化功能。越来越多的证据显示衰老以及与年龄相关疾病的发展都与氧化应激水平增高有关,这表明氧化应激在其发病机制中起着重要的作用。类似于骨质疏松疾病的发展与成骨细胞中氧化应激水平增加相关,表明这也许是骨丢失发病机制中一个关键因素。氧化应激会导致大量活性氧(ROS)的产生,ROS水平上升会破坏蛋白质、脂质和DNA并最终导致细胞死亡。细胞通过上调清除酶或DNA损害修复基因来抵消ROS的副作用,这个反应包括了脱磷酸作用和随后的FoxO转录因子家族的激活。
综上所述,FoxO1作为主要调控骨量的因子且在成骨细胞具有抗氧化应激的作用,可见其在无论是衰老引起,或是糖尿病高血糖引起的氧化应激水平增高的环境中,都对骨质疏松症的发生起到了一定的保护作用,为抗骨质疏松新药的研发提供了新靶点。
现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:1、本发明验证了FoxO1基因和糖尿病所致的骨损伤或是骨质疏松疾病有着密切的关系,FoxO1基因可促进成骨细胞增殖,为临床上FoxO1基因的应用提供了实验数据和理论基础。2、FoxO1作为主要调控骨量的因子且在成骨细胞具有抗氧化应激的作用,其在无论是衰老引起,或是糖尿病高血糖引起的氧化应激水平增高的环境中,都对骨质疏松症的发生起到了一定的保护作用,为抗骨质疏松新药的研发提供了新靶点。
附图说明
图1为慢病毒侵染3T3-E1细胞后的稳转株荧光显微镜观察的结果对比图。
图2为FoxO1-shRNA转染对成骨细胞成骨分化的影响对比图
图3为Western Blot的结果显示图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1
1、成骨细胞上FoxO1基因敲除
使用分别经过pcDNA3.1-Fox01载体构建、干扰载体构建和筛选、干扰慢性病毒载体构建、干扰慢病毒包装、病毒侵入染细胞,完成在成骨细胞上的FoxO1基因敲除。
慢病毒侵染3T3-E1细胞后所建立的稳转株荧光显微镜观察结果如图1,无关shRNA转染对照组(标记为NC)及FoxO1-shRNA慢病毒转染组(标记为FoxO1-shRNA)细胞均有显著荧光表达。
2、成骨细胞的培养和诱导分化
1)成骨细胞的培养
配制含10%FBS,1%抗生素及1ug/ml杀稻瘟菌素的α-MEM培养液,置于37℃水浴锅中预热20分钟;正常糖对照组(NG)、高糖组(HG)、无关shRNA转染对照组(NC)、FoxO1-shRNA慢病毒转染组(FoxO1-shRNA)MC3T3-E1分别均匀种于10cm培养皿中,摇匀,放入37℃、5%CO2培养箱中进行培养;24小时首次换液,PBS清洗后,加入新鲜培养液继续培养;3天后再次换液,以后每2-3天换液一次,约6-7天细胞集落已较大,集落之间无空白区域;去掉原培养液,0.25%Trypsin-EDTA消化,制成细胞悬液,接种于新的培养皿。取P3生长状态良好的细胞,成骨诱导细胞按3x103/m2接种于六孔板,80-90%汇合时,加入成骨诱导液,正常糖对照组同时加入19.5mmol/L甘露醇排除高渗影响,每2-3天换液一次,分别于诱导第0天、3天、7天、14天收取细胞蛋白和RNA。
2)碱性磷酸酶活性测定
6孔板,预冷PBS清洗,每孔加入1ml PBS;将细胞刮下,离心:4℃,7,000rpm,3分钟,弃上清,每孔加入ddH2O80ul,暂时不处理的细胞放于-80℃冰箱;使用时取出细胞,室温融化后,反复冻融3次:液氮中冻细胞,37℃进行溶解(反复冻融使细胞裂解,蛋白析出);混匀离心,4℃,7,000rpm,3分钟,取上清至新的EP管中;按DEA:Pnpp=2:1混匀后,每管中加入以上混合物150ul及细胞裂解液50ul,blank孔中加入50ul ddH2O,37℃水浴15分钟(黄色为阳性);每孔加入1N NaOH(40mg NaOH+1ml超纯水=1N)400ul终止反应,混匀,离心甩下盖中液体,加入96孔板,每孔200ul,每组2个复孔;酶标仪405nm测定测定各孔吸光值,两组取均值。样品总蛋白测定:按照A液:B液=200ul:4ul计算总量混匀,96孔板每孔中加入以上混合物200ul,细胞裂解液10ul,blank孔加入20ul蒸馏水,每组2个复孔,37℃孵育30分钟,有蛋白处呈紫色;酶标仪562nm测定各孔吸光值,两组取均值;Pnpp/BCA取得相对定量。
3)碱性磷酸酶染色
去除细胞培养液,PBS洗涤2-3次,每次3-5分钟,清洗时动作轻柔,防止破坏细胞膜;10%甲醛固定15分钟,PBS清洗固定液2-3次;照如表1的比例依次加入各溶液,混匀后配制成BCIP/NBT染色工作液;
表1
碱性磷酸酶显色缓冲液 | 3ml | 10ml |
BCIP溶液(300×) | 10ul | 33ul |
NBT溶液(150×) | 20ul | 66ul |
BCIP/NBT染色工作液 | 3.03ml | 10.1ul |
最后一次洗涤完毕后,去除洗涤液,加入适量BCIP/NBT染色工作液,确保能充分覆盖样品;室温避光孵育5-30分钟,至显色至预期深浅;去除BCIP/NBT染色工作液,用蒸馏水洗涤1-2次即可终止显色反应。
4)茜素红矿化结节染色
吸去培养液,PBS冲洗;10%甲醛室温固定15分钟,ddH2O冲洗两遍;每孔加入1ml40mM的茜素红染色液,37℃孵育30分钟并轻微振荡;弃掉未结合的染料,用ddH2O漂洗并振荡5分钟重复4次;倾斜放置2分钟,吸取多余的ddH2O;倒置显微镜观察拍照记录。
实验结果显示,细胞在成骨诱导剂诱导7天经ALP染色肉眼可见为不同深浅的蓝紫色,ALP染色发现HG组及NC组略浅于NG组,FoxO1-shRNA组明显淡于NG组,略浅于HG组及NC组,具体如图3所示;ALP活性检测显示HG组、NC组及FoxO1-shRNA组均明显低于NG组,FoxO1-shRNA略低于HG组,但无明显统计学差异。
3、RNA抽提、反转录以及Real-time PCR检测
1)总RNA抽提
弃去细胞培养液,PBS冲洗两遍,六孔板每孔加入1ml Trizol,裂解5分钟,收集于EP管中,冻于-80℃或直接处理;按200ul氯仿/ml Trizol加入氯仿,盖紧EP管盖子,用手剧烈摇动试管15秒,室温静置EP管5分钟;离心,4℃,12000rpm,15分钟。试管中溶液出现分层,下层红色苯酚-氯仿溶液中含有DNA;薄薄的中间白色层含有蛋白质;上层是水溶液,占整个溶液体积的60%,RNA溶解在上层水溶液中;取上清无色水相至另一EP管中,按0.5ml异丙醇/1ml Trizol加入异丙醇,手动摇匀;离心,4℃,12000rpm,15分钟,RNA白色沉淀贴在管底一侧;去掉上清液,按1ml/mlTrizol加入由DEPC水新配置75%酒精,温和震荡EP管,悬浮沉淀;离心,4℃,9000rpm,5分钟,RNA白色沉淀沉于管底。尽量弃上清,室温干燥RNA沉淀,用RNase-free水(20-50ul)溶解样品后,紫外分光光度仪A260/280nm测出抽提RNA的浓度,-80℃保存,或直接进行RT-PCR并取RNA电泳检测其质量。本试验所用物品均需要经过DEPC处理。
2)反转录
取2ug RNA调体积至5ul,70℃预热10分钟,迅速放于冰上。每20ul反应体系中加入2ug RNA(5ul)、1ul oligo(dT)15Primer、0.8ul AMVReverse Transcription、0.5ul RNasin、2ul dNTP Mixture(10mM)、2ul Reverse Transcription10x buffer、4ul MgCl2(25mM),Nuclease-free水4.7ul,混匀;逆转录PCR:42℃孵育1小时,95℃5分钟,将所得cDNA放于-20℃保存,或直接用于Real-time PCR。
3)Real-time PCR
将反转录得到的cDNA稀释5倍,反应体系10ul为:(ddH2O2.5ul)+(SYBR Green5ul)+(primer F0.25ul,primer R0.25ul)+(cDNA2ul)。反应条件为:95℃30sec—(95℃10sec—60℃30sec)×40cycles,各检测基因引物序列如表2所示。
表2各引物序列
4)Western Blot
1)蛋白样品的提取
弃去培养液,预冷PBS清洗,每孔加入1ml PBS,将细胞刮下,收集于EP管中;离心,4℃,7,000rpm,3分钟;弃去上清,加入适量的RIPA:PMSF=100:1蛋白裂解液,冰上裂解30分钟;离心,4℃,7,000rpm,3分钟;弃去细胞碎片,用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定蛋白浓度,方法同前。将剩余蛋白样品调成相同浓度,加入4x loading buffer(所加体积为将loading buffer稀释为1x),沸水中煮沸10分钟变性,立即放入0℃的冰水中冷却,放于-80℃保存。
2)SDS-PAGE电泳
制备SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶;在电泳槽内加入电泳液,放入已配置好的SDS-PAGE凝胶,拔出梳子。在样品槽内分别加入预染蛋白marker和蛋白样本,剩余孔加入与蛋白上样量等体积的1xloading。接通电源,先以80V的恒压跑胶30分钟,再以120V的恒压跑胶约2-3小时,标记染料跑出胶体时关掉电源。
3)转膜
将PVDF膜减角以做标记,放入甲醇中15秒,手动摇晃,倾去甲醇。将SDS-PAGE胶体、PVDF膜、定性滤纸以及纤维垫放入装有转膜液的搪瓷盘中,按一定顺序以夹三明治方式(中间为胶体和PVDF膜,外面分别夹以滤纸和纤维垫)夹牢,彻底清除内部的气泡。然后放入装满转膜液的转移槽内。正确接通电极和电源,4℃,220mA恒流,转膜2小时,胶体上的蛋白质将转移到PVDF膜上。
4)封闭与抗体孵育
将转有蛋白的PVDF膜取出,减取所需条带(GAPDH:36KD,FoxO1:78KD),然后浸入抗体封闭液,摇床上室温下孵育2小时以封闭非特异性蛋白结合位点。将封闭好的PVDF膜分别浸于含有不同一抗(GAPDH稀释1:4000,FoxO1稀释1:2000)的孵育液中,4℃过夜,以TBST洗膜3次,每次10分钟,摇床上剧烈摇晃。将GAPDH条带放入浸入TBST中,放入4℃冰箱,另一条带条浸入含有辣根过氧化酶酶标记的二抗(1:2000)孵育液中,在室温下轻轻摇晃孵育60分钟,再以TBST洗膜10分钟×3次。
5)曝光与显影
利用辣根过氧化酶显色剂的化学荧光方法使X-感光胶片成像来检测相关蛋白的位置和含量。
Western Blot结果显示,和NG组相比,HG组和NC组FoxO1蛋白表达增加;和HG组相比,FoxO1-shRNA组FoxO1蛋白表达下降,具体如图3所示。
上述所有试验除非另外注明,否则均是进行3次独立的实验,并均重复2次,所有数据均代表3次独立试验的平均值。所有统计分析用SPSS l6.0(SPSS lnc,Chicago,Illinois.,USA)软件包完成。结果以均数士标准差表示,两组间均数比较用t检验,多组间的比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),以P<0.05为有统计学差异。
Claims (3)
1.FoxO1在制备治疗糖尿病所致的骨损伤药物中的应用。
2.FoxO1在制备治疗骨质疏松药物中的应用。
3.FoxO1在制备成骨细胞增殖药物中的应用。
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CN109331183A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-15 | 苏州大学附属第二医院 | FOXO3a抑制剂用于制备治疗或预防骨质疏松症药物的用途 |
CN110656170A (zh) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-07 | 新乡医学院 | 一种用于阿尔茨海默病诊断的试剂、诊断产品、治疗组合物,候选药物筛选方法及应用 |
CN111701021A (zh) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-25 | 中国医科大学 | Nipa2作为药物靶点在制备治疗2型糖尿病性骨质疏松的药物中的应用 |
CN114164216A (zh) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种基因在促进骨形成中的应用 |
CN114164216B (zh) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-08-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种基因在促进骨形成中的应用 |
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